Article contents
The Encomienda in Latin-American History: A Reappraisal
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
Extract
The Teacher of Latin-American History in the United States finds himself seriously handicapped by the lack of impartial and fair textbooks on this increasingly important subject. Most of the authors, either through lack of contact with the sources of information and original documents, or just because the trends begun by the “New American School of History” mentioned by Charles F. Lummis some fifty years ago, have not yet reached them, still cling tenaciously to the errors of the “Black Legend.” Their pet source still is the now much discredited and entirely unreliable Bishop Bartolomé de las Casas. They still take their cues from his much translated Brevísima Historia de la Destrucción de las Indias. Seldom do they even mention any of the many saintly bishops and missionaries who opposed him in the great debate of the early colonial times.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1952
References
1 Lummis, Charles F., The Spanish Pioneers (Chicago, 1914), pp. 11–12.Google Scholar
2 Casas, Bartolomé de Las O.P., Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias (Sevilla, 1552)Google Scholar. The origin and development of the “Black Legend” and its baneful influence on writers of college textbooks are succinctly presented in the Report of the Committee on the Study of Teaching Materials in Inter-American Subjects, along with recommendations for improvement. This Report was published under the title: Latin America in School and College Teaching Materials, by the American Council on Education (Washington, D. C., 1944). See especially pp. 91–96, 99–101.Google Scholar
3 Munro, Dana Gardner, The Latin American Republics: A History (New York, 1942), p. 73.Google Scholar
4 Williams, Mary W., The People and Politics of Latin America (New York, 1945), p. 207.Google Scholar
5 Bandelier, Adolphe, “Casas, Bartolomé de Las,” Catholic Encyclopedia (New York, 1913), III, 398.Google Scholar
6 Lummis, op. cit., p. 11.
7 Gandía, Enrique de, Historia de América (Buenos Aires, 1940), IV, 270.Google Scholar
8 Pereyra, Carlos, Breve Historia de America (Madrid, 1930), p. 207.Google Scholar
9 Chapman, Charles Edward, Hispanic America (New York, 1938), p. 26.Google Scholar
10 Review of Bridges, E. Lucas’ Uttermost Part of the Earth, in Americas, Vol. II, no. 12 (December, 1950), p. 38.Google Scholar
11 Letter of Motolinía, Fray Toribio de O.F.M., to Charles V (Tlaxcala, January 2, 1555), in Motolinía. Carta al Emperador, edited by Ugarte, José Bravo S.J. (Mexico: Editorial Jus, 1949), p. 86 Google Scholar. See also Steele, Francis Borgia O.F.M., Motolinia’s History of the Indians of New Spain (Washington, D. C., 1951), pp. 27–28, 39–40.Google Scholar
12 Torquemada, Juan de O.F.M., Monarquía Indiana (Mexico, 1725), Tomo I, libro V, cap. XXII, pp. 642–643 Google Scholar.
13 Ugarte, op. cit., pp. 59–60, 82.
14 Letter of Bishop Francisco Marroquin to Charles V, edited and translated by Lamadrid, Lázaro O.F.M., in THE AMERICAS , IV, (1949), 336, 345.Google Scholar
15 Bandelier, op. cit., p. 399.
16 Etudes (Paris, 1927), Vol. 193, p. 680.Google Scholar
17 Quoted by Simpson, Leslie B. in The Encomienda in New Spain (Berkeley, 1929), p. 58.Google Scholar
18 Ibid., p. 59.
19 Ibid., p. 60.
20 Castañeda, Carlos, “Fray Juan de Zumárraga and Indian Policy in New Spain,” THE AMERICAS , V (1950), 297.Google Scholar
21 Icazbalceta, Joaquin Garcia, Don Fray Juan de Zumárraga (Mexico, 1947), p. 154.Google Scholar
22 Ibid., pp. 154–155.
23 Ibid., p. 153.
24 Ugarte, op. cit., pp. 99–100, 101.
25 Cuevas, Mariano S.J., Cartas y otros documentos de Hernán Cortès (Sevilla, 1915)Google Scholar.
26 pereyra, op. cit., p. 210.
27 Zavala, Silvio A., La Encomienda Indiana (Madrid, 1935), p. 104.Google Scholar
28 Castañeda, op. cit., p. 302.
29 Getino, Luis Alonso O.P., Influencia de los Dominicos en las Leyes Nuevas (Sevilla, 1945), p. 52.Google Scholar
30 Getino, op. cit., pp. 52–56.
31 Ibid.
32 Simpson, op. cit., p. 136.
33 Garcia Icazbalceta, op. cit., pp. 160–161.
34 Ibid., p. 167.
35 Ibid., p. 165.
36 Pereyra, op. cit., p. 204.
37 Ibid.
38 Galván, Francisco Banegas, Historia de México (Mexico, 1938), Libro I, p. 205.Google Scholar
39 He means the encomienda as indicated by his reference to Cortés. Many authors use interchangeably “encomienda” and “repartimiento,” although there are important technical differences between the two terms.
40 Cuevas, Mariano S.J., Historia de la Iglesia de México (El Paso, Texas, 1928), II, 226.Google Scholar
41 Juan de Solórzano Pereyra, quoted by Bustamante, C. Pérez in Compendio de Historia de España (Madrid, 1946), p. 415.Google Scholar
42 Banegas Galván, loc. cit.
43 Wilgus, A. Curds, The Development of Hispanic America (New York, 1941), p. 199.Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by