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The Constitution and Foreign Affairs: Two Hundred Years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

William D. Rogers
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Extract

Two centuries down the road of history, the constitutional ordering of “that vast external realm” remains very much a fuzzy experiment. The national experience has yielded few certain answers to the great question how the foreign relations power is allocated.

Type
Epilogue
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 83 , Issue 4 , October 1989 , pp. 894 - 900
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1989

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References

1 See T. Franck & E. Weisband, Foreign Policy by Congress 13–33 (1979).

2 Pub. L. No. 93-148, 87 Stat. 555 (1973) (50 U.S.C. §§1541–1548 (1982)).

3 H. Kissinger, Years of Upheaval 259–60, 998–1001 (1982).

4 Trade Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-618, tit. 4, §402, 88 Stat. 1978, 2056 (1975) (19 U.S.C. §2432 (1982)).

5 Pub. L. No. 94-329, §404, 90 Stat. 729, 757–58 (1976) (22 U.S.C. §2293 note (repealed 1985)).

6 See H. Kissinger, supra note 3, at 122–27, 985–98.

7 See, e.g., Pub. L. No. 98-473, §8066(a), 98 Stat. 1837, 1935 (1984). For a compilation of the Boland amendments, see 26 ILM 433, 440 (1987).

8 Bipartisan Accord on Central America, reprinted in N.Y. Times, Mar. 25, 1989, at A6, col. 1.

9 Agreement among the People’s Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa, Dec. 22, 1988, reprinted in Dep’t of State, Selected Documents, No. 32 (1988).

10 Kissinger & Vance, Bipartisan Objectives for American Foreign Policy, 66 Foreign Aff. 899, 899 (1988).

11 Boren & Danforth, Congress—Part of the Cast or in the Audience?, Wash. Post, Jan. 18, 1989, at A23, col. 2.

12 E. Corwin, The President, Office and Powers, 1787–1957, at 171 (1957).

13 W. Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas Macarthur 1880–1964, ch. 10 (1978).

14 “Super 301” of last year’s trade law, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, Pub. L. No. 100-418, 102 Stat. 1107, §1302, requires the United States Trade Representative to identify for investigation and possible retaliation foreign “priority practices” thought to pose significant barriers to U.S. exports. The measure has had considerable in terrorem effect. Korea, to avoid inclusion on the list, agreed to major changes in its trade policies. See Office of the United States Trade Representative, Fact Sheet on Super 301 Trade Liberalization Prior ities 4 (May 25, 1989).

15 T. O’Neill, Man of the House 25 (1987).

16 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, Pub. L. No. 100-418, 102 Stat. 1107.

17 Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988–1989, tit. X, Pub. L. No. 100-204, §1001, 101 Stat. 1331, 1406 (codified at 22 U.S.C.A. §§5201–5203 (West Supp. 1989)).

18 Id. §122, 101 Stat, at 1339.

19 See 134 Cong. Rec. S6876–936 (daily ed. May 27, 1988).

20 See Cutler, To Form a Government, 59 Foreign Aff. 126 (1980); J. Fulbright, The Price of Empire 46–70 (1989).