Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:29:52.824Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Late Tang China and the World, 750–907 CE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2023

Shao-yun Yang
Affiliation:
Denison University, Ohio

Summary

In recent decades, the Tang dynasty (618-907) has acquired a reputation as the most 'cosmopolitan' period in Chinese history. The standard narrative also claims that this cosmopolitan openness faded after the An Lushan Rebellion of 755-763, to be replaced by xenophobic hostility toward all things foreign. This Element reassesses the cosmopolitanism-to-xenophobia narrative and presents a more empirically-grounded and nuanced interpretation of the Tang empire's foreign relations after 755.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009397278
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 25 May 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Abramson, Marc S. Ethnic Identity in Tang China (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akin, Alexander. “The Jing Xing Ji of Du Huan: Notes on the West by a Chinese Prisoner of War,” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 5 (1999–2000), 77102.Google Scholar
al-Sirafi, Abu Zayd (trans. Tim Mackintosh-Smith). Accounts of China and India (New York: New York University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Anderson, Eugene N. The East Asian World-System: Climate and Dynastic Change (Cham: Springer, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backus, Charles. The Nan-chao Kingdom and T’ang China’s Southwestern Frontier (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).Google Scholar
Baghbibi, Hassan Rezai. “New Light on the Middle Persian-Chinese Bilingual Inscription from Xi’an,” in The Persian Language in History, eds. Maggi, Mauro and Orsatti, Paola (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2011), 105–15.Google Scholar
Barenghi, Maddalena. “The Making of the Shatuo: Military Leadership and Border Unrest in North China’s Daibei (808–880),” Central Asiatic Journal, 63.1–2 (2020), 3970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barenghi, Maddalena. “Representations of Descent: Origin and Migration Stories of the Ninth- and Tenth-Century Turkic Shatuo,” Asia Major 32.1 (2019), 5386.Google Scholar
Beckwith, Christopher I. The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bi, Bo 畢波, “Daluosi zhi zhan he Tianwei jian’er fu Suiye” 怛羅斯之戰和天威健兒赴碎葉 [The Battle of Talas and the Deployment of Troops from the Tianwei Garrison to Suyab], Lishi yanjiu 歷史研究 2 (2007), 1524.Google Scholar
Bi, Bo 畢波. Zhonggu Zhongguo de Sute Huren – yi Chang’an wei zhongxin 中古中國的粟特胡人 – 以長安爲中心 [Sogdians in Medieval China: With Special Reference to the Sogdian Presence in the Capital Chang’an] (Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2011).Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. “Unearthing the Liao Dynasty’s Relations with the Muslim World: Migrations, Diplomacy, Commerce, and Mutual Perceptions,” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 43 (2013), 221–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, Jonathan. Paper before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Brose, Benjamin. Patrons and Patriarchs: Regional Rulers and Chan Monks during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Bryson, Megan. “Tsenpo Chung, Yunnan Wang, Mahārāja: Royal Titles in Narratives of Nanzhao Kingship between Tibet and Tang China,” Cahiers D’Extrême-Asie 24 (2015), 5976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaffee, John W. The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Chaffee, John W. The Thorny Gates of Learning in Sung China: A Social History of Examinations (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Chong, Chen 陳翀. “Hui’e dongchuan ‘Baishi wenji’ ji Putuo Luojia kaishan kao” 慧萼東傳《白氏文集》及普陀洛迦開山考 [A Study of Egaku’s Transmission of “Mister Bai’s Collected Works” to the East and the Establishment of the First Temple on Fudarakusan], Zhejiang daxue xuebao 浙江大學學報 8 (2010), 111.Google Scholar
Chen, Fan-Pen. “Problems of Chinese Historiography As Seen in the Official Records on Yang Kuei-fei,” T’ang Studies 8–9 (1990–1), 8396.Google Scholar
Chen, Jinhua. “A Chinese Monk under a ‘Barbarian’ Mask? Zhihuilun (?–876) and Late Tang Esoteric Buddhism,” T’oung Pao 99.1–3 (2013), 88139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ken, Chen 陳懇. “Chile yu Tiele zuming xinzheng” 敕勒與鐵勒族名新證 [New Evidence on the Ethnonyms Chile and Tiele], International Journal of Eurasian Studies (Ouya xuekan 歐亞學刊) 11 (2022), 5988.Google Scholar
Ch’en, Kenneth. “The Economic Background of The Hui-ch’ang Suppression of Buddhism,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 19.1–2 (1956), 67105.Google Scholar
Chin, Tamara T.Colonization, Sinicization, and the Polyscriptic Northwest,” in The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature, eds. Denecke, Wiebke, Wai-Yee, Li, and Tian, Xiaofei (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 487–92.Google Scholar
Chittick, Andrew. The Jiankang Empire in Chinese and World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Choi, Heejoon. “Silla’s Perception of the International World Order As Seen through Diplomatic Documents,” International Journal of Korean History 24.2 (2019), 171205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yinping, Dang 黨銀平. Tang yu Xinluo wenhua guanxi yanjiu 唐與新羅文化關係研究 [Studies on the Cultural Relations between the Tang and Silla] (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2008).Google Scholar
Daniels, Christian. “Nanzhao As a Southeast Asian Kingdom, c.738–902,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 52.2 (2021), 188213.Google Scholar
Denecke, Wiebke and Nguyen, Nam. “Shared Literary Heritage in the East Asian Sinographic Sphere,” in The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature, eds. Denecke, Wiebke, Li, Wai-Yee, and Tian, Xiaofei (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 510–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola. “Maligned Exchanges: The Uyghur-Tang Trade in the Light of Climate Data,” in Texts and Transformations: Essays in Honor of the 75th Birthday of Victor H. Mair, ed. Saussy, Haun (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2018), 117–36.Google Scholar
Chunlin, Dong 董春林. “An-Shi zhi luan hou Hexi Tiele buzu de qianxi – yi Tangdai Qibi zu wei li” 安史之亂後河西鐵勒部族的遷徙 – 以唐代契苾族爲例 [The Migration of the Tegreg Tribes of Hexi after the An Lushan Rebellion – Using the Kibir Tribe in the Tang As an Example], Qinghai minzu daxue xuebao 青海民族大學學報 38.1 (2012), 8184.Google Scholar
Dotson, Brandon. The Old Tibetan Annals: An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s First History (Vienna: Verlag der osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009).Google Scholar
Drompp, Michael R. Tang China and the Collapse of the Uighur Empire: A Documentary History (Leiden: Brill, 2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chenghui, Du 杜成煇. “Tang Anhua zhang gongzhu Nanzhao heqin kao” 唐安化長公主南詔和亲考 [A Study of the Tang Princess Anhua’s Marriage to the King of Nanzhao], Dali xueyuan xuebao 大理學院學報 8.3 (2009), 14.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth. “Esoteric Buddhism under the Xixia (1038–1227),” in Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, eds. Orzech, Charles D., Sorensen, Henrik H., and Payne, Richard K. (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 465–77.Google Scholar
El-Hibri, Tayeb. The Abbasid Caliphate: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Ka-wai. “Climatic Change and Dynastic Cycles in Chinese History: A Review Essay,” Climatic Change 101 (2010), 565–73.Google Scholar
Xuanling, Fang 房玄齡 et al. Jinshu 晉書 [History of the Jin] (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1974).Google Scholar
Forte, Antonino. The Hostage An Shigao and His Offspring: An Iranian Family in China (Kyoto: Italian School of East Asian Studies, 1995).Google Scholar
Forte, Antonino. “Iranians in China: Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Bureaus of Commerce,” Cahiers D’Extrême-Asie 11 (1999), 277–90.Google Scholar
Forte, Antonino. “Kuwabara’s Misleading Thesis on Bukhara and the Family Name An,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 116.4 (1996), 645–52.Google Scholar
Lo-ch’eng, Fu (Fu Lecheng) 傅樂成. Han Tang shilun ji 漢唐史論集 [Collected Essays on the History of the Han and Tang] (Taipei: Lianjing, 1977).Google Scholar
George, Alain. “Direct Sea Trade between Early Islamic Iraq and Tang China: From the Exchange of Goods to the Transmission of Ideas,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 25.4 (2015), 579624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goble, Geoffrey C. Chinese Esoteric Buddhism: Amoghavajra, the Ruling Elite, and the Emergence of a Tradition (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Graff, David A. Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300–900 (London: Routledge, 2002).Google Scholar
Green, Nile. “The Frontiers of the Persianate World (ca. 800–1900),” in The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca, ed. Green, Nile (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019), 917.Google Scholar
Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna. “A Manichaean ‘Portrait of the Buddha Jesus’: Identifying a Twelfth- or Thirteenth-Century Chinese Painting from the Collection of Seiun-Ji Zen Temple,” Artibus Asiae 69.1 (2009), 91145.Google Scholar
Haug, Robert. The Eastern Frontier: Limits of Empire in Late Antique and Early Medieval Central Asia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heng, Derek. Southeast Asian Interactions: Geography, Networks, and Trade, Elements in the Global Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022).Google Scholar
Heng, Derek. “The Tang Shipwreck and the Nature of China’s Maritime Trade during the Late Tang Period,” in The Tang Shipwreck: Art and Exchange in the 9th Century, eds. Chong, Alan and Murphy, Stephen A. (Singapore: Asian Civilizations Museum, 2019), 142–59.Google Scholar
Heng, Geraldine. “An Ordinary Ship and Its Stories of Early Globalism: World Travel, Mass Production, and Art in the Global Middle Ages,” Journal of Medieval Worlds 1.1 (2019), 1154.Google Scholar
Tao, Hua. “Central and Western Tianshan on the Eve of Islamization,” Journal of Asian History 27.2 (1993), 95108.Google Scholar
Yongnian, Huang 黃永年. “‘Jie-Hu,’ ‘Zhejie,’ ‘Zazhong Hu’ kaobian” “羯胡” 、 “柘羯” 、 “雜種胡” 考辨 [A Critical Analysis of the Terms “Jie-Hu,” “Zhejie,” and ”Zazhong Hu”], in Huang Yongnian wenshi lunwenji 黃永年文史論文集 [Collected Essays on Literature and History by Huang Yongnian], vol. 2 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2015), 384–97.Google Scholar
Minoru, Inaba. “Arab Soldiers in Tang China at the Time of the An-Shi Rebellion,” The Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko 68 (2010), 3561.Google Scholar
Kiyohiro, Iwami. “Turks and Sogdians in China during the T’ang Period,” Acta Asiatica 94 (2008), 4165.Google Scholar
Kazushi, Iwao 岩尾一史. “Kodai Chibetto teikoku no gaikō to ‘sangoku kaimei’ no seiritsu” 古代チベット帝國の外交と「三國會盟」の成立 [The Foreign Relations of the Ancient Tibetan Empire and the Establishment of the “Three-Country Covenant”], Tōyōshi kenkyū 東洋史研究 72.4 (2014), 680715.Google Scholar
Kasai, Yukiyo. “Uyghur Legitimation and the Role of Buddhism,” in Buddhism in Central Asia I: Patronage, Legitimation, Sacred Space, and Pilgrimage, eds. Meinert, Carmen and Sørensen, Henrik H. (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 6190.Google Scholar
King, Ross. Ditching ‘Diglossia’: Describing Ecologies of the Spoken and Inscribed in Pre-modern Korea,” Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 15.1 (2015), 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kósa, Gábor. “Mānī on the Margins: A Brief History of Manichaeism in Southeastern China,” Locus: Revista de História, Juiz de Fora 27.1 (2021), 6183.Google Scholar
Yiwen, Li 李怡文. “Shi zhi shisan shiji Zhong-Ri jiaoliu zhong de seng-shang hezuo yu ‘zongjiao-shangye wangluo’” 十至十三世紀中日交流中的僧商合作與 “宗教 – 商业網絡” [Cooperation between Monks and Merchants and the “Religious-Commercial Network” in Tenth- to Thirteenth-Century Sino-Japanese Interactions], in Songshi yanjiu zhu cengmian 宋史研究諸層面 [Multifaceted Studies of Song History] (Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 2020), 382405.Google Scholar
Kuan-Chun, Lin (Lin Guanqun) 林冠群. Yubo gange: Tang-Fan guanxi shi yanjiu 玉帛干戈:唐蕃關係史研究 [Peace and War: Studies on Relations between the Tang and Tibetan Empires] (Taipei: Lianjing, 2016).Google Scholar
Song, Lin 林松. “Yuanmao suishi, wenwei shizhen – dui Xi’an Huajuexiang gusi ji Wang Hong Tianbao bei bianwei zhi qianjian” 原貌雖失, 文偽史真 – – 對西安化覺巷古寺及王鉷天寳碑辨偽之淺見 [Though the Original Is Lost and the Text Is Forged, the History Is Real—My Shallow Views on the Authentication of the Ancient Mosque on Huajue Lane, Xi’an, and the Stele Attributed to Wang Hong of the Tianbao Era], Huizu yanjiu 回族研究 2 (1993), 4549.Google Scholar
Qichang, Ma 馬其昶. Han Changli wenji jiaozhu 韓昌黎文集校注 [Collected Works of Han Yu: An Annotated Critical Edition] (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2014).Google Scholar
Mair, Victor H., Steinhardt, Nancy S., and Goldin, Paul R., eds. Hawaii Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005).Google Scholar
McMullen, James. The Worship of Confucius in Japan (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2019).Google Scholar
Yutaka, Moribe 森部豊. “Tōmatsu Godai no Daihoku ni okeru Sogudo-kei Tokketsu to Sada” 唐末五代の代北におけるソグド系突厥と沙陀 [The Sogdian-Türks and Shatuo of Daibei in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties], Tōyōshi Kenkyū 東洋史研究 62.4 (2004), 660–93.Google Scholar
Morley, Brendan Arkell. “Poetry and Diplomacy in Early Heian Japan: The Embassy of Wang Hyoryŏm from Parhae to the Kōnin Court,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 136.2 (2016), 343–69.Google Scholar
Tetsumi, Murakami 村上哲見 (trans. Zhang Fang 張芳). “Abei Zhongmalü yu Tangdai shiren” 阿倍仲麻吕與唐代詩人 [Abe no Nakamaro and His Relations with Tang Poets], Baoji wenli xueyuan xuebao 寶鷄文理學院學報 40.6 (2020), 8797.Google Scholar
Nicolini-Zani, Matteo (William Skudalek, trans.). The Luminous Way to the East: Texts and History of the First Encounter of Christianity with China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhigong, Niu 牛致功. “An Yuanshou muzhiming zhong de jige wenti” 安元壽墓志銘中的幾個問題 [Some Questions Relating to the Entombed Epitaph of An Yuanshou], Shixue yuekan 史學月刊 3 (1999), 3740.Google Scholar
Oh, Young Kyun. “Two Shilla Intellectuals in Tang: Cases of Early Sino-Korean Cultural Connections,” T’ang Studies 23–24 (2005–06), 119–47.Google Scholar
Orzech, Charles D.Esoteric Buddhism in the Tang: From Atikūta to Amoghavajra (651–780),” in Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, eds. Orzech, Charles D. et al. (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 263–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orzech, Charles D. Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Park, Hyunhee. Mapping the Chinese and Islamic worlds: Cross-cultural Exchange in Pre-modern Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Pelliot, Paul. “Des Artisans Chinois à la Capitale Abbasside en 751–762,” T’oung Pao 26 (1928), 110–12.Google Scholar
Peterson, Charles A.P’u-ku Huai’en and the T’ang Court: The Limits of Loyalty,” Monumenta Serica 29 (1970–71), 423–55.Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Viking, 2011).Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. “The Background and Early Life of An Lu-shan” (University of London: Ph.D. dissertation, 1951).Google Scholar
Reischauer, Edwin O., trans. Ennin’s Diary: The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law (New York: Angelico Press, 2020 [1955]).Google Scholar
Reischauer, Edwin O. Ennin’s Travels in T’ang China (New York: Angelico Press, 2020 [1955]).Google Scholar
Xinjiang, Rong 榮新江. Zhonggu Zhongguo yu Sute wenming 中古中國與粟特文明 [Medieval China and the Civilization of the Sogdians] (Beijing: Sanlian, 2014), 79113.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, Kurtis, Kapstein, Matthew T., and Tuttle, Gray, eds. Sources of Tibetan Tradition (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Schafer, Edward H. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of T’ang Exotics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963).Google Scholar
Schottenhammer, Angela. “Yang Liangyao’s Mission of 785 to the Caliph of Baghdād: Evidence of an Early Sino-Arabic Power Alliance?”, Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient 101 (2015), 177241.Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600–1400 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. “Relic Worship at the Famen Temple and the Buddhist World of the Tang Dynasty.” In Secrets of the Fallen Pagoda: Treasures from Famen Temple and the Tang Court, edited by Chong, Alan (Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2014), 2749.Google Scholar
Yongliang, Shang 尚永亮. “Tang Suiye yu Anxi sizhen bainian yanjiu shulun” 唐碎葉與安西四鎮百年研究述論 [A Survey of Research on Tang Suyab and the Four Garrisons of Anxi during the Past Hundred Years], Zhejiang daxue xuebao 46.1 (2016), 3956.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Adam. “From Markets to Marvels: Jews on the Maritime Route to China ca. 850–ca. 950 CE,” Journal of Jewish Studies 58.1 (2007), 91104.Google Scholar
Skaff, Jonathan Karam. “Barbarians at the Gates? The Tang Frontier Military and the An Lushan Rebellion,” War and Society 18.2 (2000), 2335.Google Scholar
Smits, Ivo. “Reading the New Ballads: Late Heian kanshi poets and Bo Juyi.” In Wasser-Spuren. Festschrift für Wolfram Naumann (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997), 169–84.Google Scholar
Solonin, Kirill. “The Formation of Tangut Ideology: Buddhism and Confucianism.” In Buddhism in Central Asia I: Patronage, Legitimation, Sacred Space, and Pilgrimage, edited by Meinert, Carmen and Sørensen, Henrik (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 123–24.Google Scholar
Sørensen, Henrik H.Esoteric Buddhism in the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms (ca. 800–1253).” In Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, edited by Orzech, Charles D., Sorensen, Henrik H., and Payne, Richard K. (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 379–92.Google Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. China’s Early Mosques (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Tackett, Nicolas. The Destruction of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2014).Google Scholar
Tokio, Takata. “Multilingualism in Tun-huang,” Acta Asiatica 78 (2000), 4970.Google Scholar
Tokio, Takata. “A Note on the Lijiang Tibetan Inscription,” Asia Major 19 (2006), 161–70.Google Scholar
Tokio, Takata. “Tibetan Dominion over Dunhuang and the Formation of a Tibeto-Chinese Community,” BuddhistRoad Paper 6.1, Special Issue: Central Asian Networks. Rethinking the Interplay of Religions, Art and Politics Across the Tarim Basin (5th–10th c.), ed. Erika Forte (2019), 85106.Google Scholar
Taylor, Keith W. The Birth of Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Tor, D.G.The Islamization of Central Asia in the Sāmānid Era and the Reshaping of the Muslim World,” Bulletin of SOAS 72.2 (2009), 279–99.Google Scholar
Vaissière, Étienne de la (trans. James Ward). Sogdian Traders: A History (Leiden: Brill, 2005).Google Scholar
Von Glahn, Richard. The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Wade, Geoff. “An Early Age of Commerce in Southeast Asia, 900–1300 CE,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40.2 (2009), 221–65.Google Scholar
Wade, Geoff. “Islam across the Indian Ocean to 1500 CE.” In Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume II, edited by Schottenhammer, Angela (Cham: Palgrave, 2019), 85138.Google Scholar
Rui, Wang 王睿. Tangdai Suteren Huahua wenti shulun 唐代粟特人華化問題述論 [A Study on the Question of Sogdian Sinicization in the Tang] (Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2016).Google Scholar
Xiaofu, Wang 王小甫. Tang, Tufan, Dashi zhengzhi guanxi shi 唐、吐蕃、大食政治關係史 [A History of Political Relations between the Tang, Tibetan, and Arab Empires] (Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1992).Google Scholar
Wang, Zhenping. Ambassadors from the Islands of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Zhongshu, Wang 王仲殊. “Jing Zhencheng yu Abei Zhongmalü, Jibei Zhenbei” 井真成與阿倍仲麻吕·吉備真備 [Jing Zhencheng, Abe no Nakamaro, and Kibi no Makibi], Kaogu 考古 6 (2006), 6065.Google Scholar
Weinstein, Stanley. Buddhism under the T’ang (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Wright, Arthur F.Buddhism and Chinese Culture: Phases of Interaction,” Journal of Asian Studies 17.1 (1957), 1742.Google Scholar
Xiang, Da 向達. Tangdai Chang’an yu xiyu wenming 唐代長安與西域文明 [Tang Chang’an and the Civilization of the Western Regions] (Shanghai: Xuelin chubanshe, 2017 [1933]).Google Scholar
Chen, Xue. “Age of Emperors: Divisible Imperial Authority and the Formation of a ‘Liao World Order’ in Continental East Asia, 900–1250,” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 49 (2020), 4583.Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. Early Tang China and the World, 618–750 CE, Elements in the Global Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023).Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. Frontiers of the Tang and Song Empires (StoryMap). First published online in 2020.Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. “Letting the Troops Loose: Pillage, Massacres, and Enslavement in Early Tang Warfare,” Journal of Chinese Military History 6 (2017), 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. “‘Stubbornly Chinese?’ Clothing Styles and the Question of Tang Loyalism in Ninth-Century Dunhuang,” International Journal of Eurasian Studies (Ouya xuekan 歐亞學刊) 5 (2016), 152–87.Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. “Tang ‘Cosmopolitanism’: Toward a Critical and Holistic Approach,” Modern Asian Studies (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. “Unauthorized Exchanges: Restrictions on Foreign Trade and Intermarriage in the Tang and Northern Song Empires,” T’oung Pao 108 (2022), 588645.Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. The Way of the Barbarians: Redrawing Ethnic Boundaries in Tang and Song China (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. “‘What Do Barbarians Know of Gratitude? The Stereotype of Barbarian Perfidy and Its Uses in Tang Foreign Policy Rhetoric,” Tang Studies 31 (2013), 2874.Google Scholar
Yu, Peng. “Revising the Date of Jewish Arrival in Kaifeng, China, from the Song Dynasty (960–1279) to the Hung-wu Period (1368–98) of the Ming Dynasty,” Journal of Jewish Studies 68.2 (2017), 369–86.Google Scholar
Xiaogui, Zhang 張小貴. Zhongguo huahua xianjiao kaoshu 中國華化祆教考述 [A Study of Sinicized Zoroastrianism in China] (Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2010).Google Scholar
Yanyu, Zhang 張艷玉. “Tangdai Lingzhou Kangshi jiazu kaolun” 唐代靈州康氏家族考論 [A Study of the Kang Clan of Lingzhou in the Tang], Hexi xueyuan xuebao 河西學院學報 34.6 (2018), 7075.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Late Tang China and the World, 750–907 CE
  • Shao-yun Yang, Denison University, Ohio
  • Online ISBN: 9781009397278
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Late Tang China and the World, 750–907 CE
  • Shao-yun Yang, Denison University, Ohio
  • Online ISBN: 9781009397278
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Late Tang China and the World, 750–907 CE
  • Shao-yun Yang, Denison University, Ohio
  • Online ISBN: 9781009397278
Available formats
×