Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editorial Advisory Committee
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Essential Principles in the Care of the Elderly
- 2 Assessment of the Older Patient
- 3 Prevention for Older Adults
- 4 Common Complaints in the Elderly
- 5 Appropriate Use of Medications in the Elderly
- 6 Nutrition and Aging
- 7 Using Exercise as Medicine for Older Adults
- 8 Diabetes Mellitus in the Older Adult
- 9 Lipid Management in Older Patients
- 10 Hypertension
- 11 Diagnosis and Management of Heart Disease in the Elderly
- 12 Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Elderly
- 13 Stroke in the Older Adult
- 14 Neurological Problems in the Elderly
- 15 Recognition and Management of Delirium
- 16 Evaluation and Management of Dementia
- 17 Clinical Geropsychiatry
- 18 Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse in Older Patients
- 19 Aging in Adults with Developmental Disabilities
- 20 Pulmonary Issues in the Elderly
- 21 Gastroenterological Disease in the Older Adult
- 22 Serious Infections in the Elderly
- 23 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Elderly
- 24 Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Renal Disorders in the Older Patient
- 25 Urological Issues in Older Adults
- 26 Urinary Incontinence
- 27 Geriatric Gynecology
- 28 Disorders of the Endocrine Glands
- 29 Osteoporosis and Other Metabolic Disorders of the Skeleton in Aging
- 30 Common Rheumatic Diseases in the Elderly
- 31 Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Elderly
- 32 Foot Health for the Elderly: Podogeriatric Overview
- 33 Geriatric Dermatology
- 34 Pressure Ulcers: Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment
- 35 Anemia and Other Hematological Problems of the Elderly
- 36 Cancer in the Elderly
- 37 Eye Problems of the Aged
- 38 Geriatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems
- 39 Geriatric Dentistry
- 40 Surgical Principles in the Aged
- 41 Rehabilitation in Older Adults
- 42 Community-Based Long-Term Care
- 43 Institutional Long-Term Care
- 44 Care for the Elderly Patient at the End of Life
- 45 Assessment of Decision-Making Capacity
- 46 Injuries in Older Adults
- 47 The Mistreatment of Older Adults
- 48 Driving and the Older Adult
- 49 Integrative Medicine in the Care of the Elderly
- 50 Successful Aging: Optimizing Strategies for Primary Care Geriatrics
- 51 Cell Biology and Physiology of Aging
- 52 Implications of an Aging Society
- 53 Ethnogeriatrics
- 54 Retirement
- 55 Geriatric Sexuality
- 56 The Elderly, Their Families, and Their Caregivers
- 57 Systematic Approaches to Preventing Errors in the Care of the Elderly
- 58 Health Care Organization and Financing
- 59 Advance Care Planning: Values and Families in End-of-Life Care
- 60 Ethical Decision Making in Geriatric Medicine
- Index
- Plate section
54 - Retirement
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editorial Advisory Committee
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Essential Principles in the Care of the Elderly
- 2 Assessment of the Older Patient
- 3 Prevention for Older Adults
- 4 Common Complaints in the Elderly
- 5 Appropriate Use of Medications in the Elderly
- 6 Nutrition and Aging
- 7 Using Exercise as Medicine for Older Adults
- 8 Diabetes Mellitus in the Older Adult
- 9 Lipid Management in Older Patients
- 10 Hypertension
- 11 Diagnosis and Management of Heart Disease in the Elderly
- 12 Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Elderly
- 13 Stroke in the Older Adult
- 14 Neurological Problems in the Elderly
- 15 Recognition and Management of Delirium
- 16 Evaluation and Management of Dementia
- 17 Clinical Geropsychiatry
- 18 Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse in Older Patients
- 19 Aging in Adults with Developmental Disabilities
- 20 Pulmonary Issues in the Elderly
- 21 Gastroenterological Disease in the Older Adult
- 22 Serious Infections in the Elderly
- 23 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Elderly
- 24 Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Renal Disorders in the Older Patient
- 25 Urological Issues in Older Adults
- 26 Urinary Incontinence
- 27 Geriatric Gynecology
- 28 Disorders of the Endocrine Glands
- 29 Osteoporosis and Other Metabolic Disorders of the Skeleton in Aging
- 30 Common Rheumatic Diseases in the Elderly
- 31 Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Elderly
- 32 Foot Health for the Elderly: Podogeriatric Overview
- 33 Geriatric Dermatology
- 34 Pressure Ulcers: Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment
- 35 Anemia and Other Hematological Problems of the Elderly
- 36 Cancer in the Elderly
- 37 Eye Problems of the Aged
- 38 Geriatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems
- 39 Geriatric Dentistry
- 40 Surgical Principles in the Aged
- 41 Rehabilitation in Older Adults
- 42 Community-Based Long-Term Care
- 43 Institutional Long-Term Care
- 44 Care for the Elderly Patient at the End of Life
- 45 Assessment of Decision-Making Capacity
- 46 Injuries in Older Adults
- 47 The Mistreatment of Older Adults
- 48 Driving and the Older Adult
- 49 Integrative Medicine in the Care of the Elderly
- 50 Successful Aging: Optimizing Strategies for Primary Care Geriatrics
- 51 Cell Biology and Physiology of Aging
- 52 Implications of an Aging Society
- 53 Ethnogeriatrics
- 54 Retirement
- 55 Geriatric Sexuality
- 56 The Elderly, Their Families, and Their Caregivers
- 57 Systematic Approaches to Preventing Errors in the Care of the Elderly
- 58 Health Care Organization and Financing
- 59 Advance Care Planning: Values and Families in End-of-Life Care
- 60 Ethical Decision Making in Geriatric Medicine
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
The word retirement has three major meanings: an event, a process, and a social institution, and all three meanings have implications for the person who comes to a health professional for diagnosis and treatment.
Retirement is generally an event in the later life course. Employment is terminated and when paid work stops, major changes occur in a person's roles, source of income, activities, and life rhythms. Retirement is also a process because it has continuity and goes on through time. As a social institution, retirement involves governmental and private organizations, pension plans, age requirements, and the customs, practices, and behaviors that revolve around the process of stopping work in later life.
CONTEXT: GOVERNMENT AND MARKET FACTORS
The larger social and cultural context established by social policies and market forces deserves consideration for they define and establish significant parameters of retirement living. A fundamental program that shapes context is Social Security that was established more than 70 years ago. In May 2006 almost 49 million persons were beneficiaries. Primary benefits are based on indexed monthly earnings. Eighty-six percent of beneficiaries were older than 65 years of age, and 14% were younger than 65. Among the 65 years and older beneficiaries, 82% were retired workers, and 18% were survivors and dependents. In December 2005 the average benefit for all retirees was $1,002 per month. Currently, a person must be 65 to receive full benefits or age 62 for reduced benefits. Beginning in 2000 the age of entitlement will gradually rise from 65 to 67 years of age.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Reichel's Care of the ElderlyClinical Aspects of Aging, pp. 560 - 564Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009