Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations and mathematical symbols
- Prologue
- 1 Seismology: ancient and modern
- 2 Statistical solutions to seismological problems
- 3 Seismograms as time series
- 4 Seismographs and seismograms
- 5 Seismometer arrays and processing methods
- 6 Seismogram interpretation and synthesis
- 7 Hypocentres and P travel times
- 8 Seismic magnitudes
- 9 Seismic source identification
- 10 Epilogue
- Appendix A P and S radiation from a double-couple source
- Appendix B Normal equations for analysis of variance
- Appendix C Some uses of the FFT
- Appendix D Anelastic attenuation
- Appendix E The relation of the transient and steady-state responses
- Appendix F Seismometer–galvanometer systems
- Appendix G SNI from summing array recordings
- Appendix H The equations for computing MP filters
- Appendix I Circular arrays
- Appendix J Geometrical spreading when S reflects as sP
- Appendix K The Fourier integral for a dispersed wave train
- Appendix L Tables of explosions and earthquakes
- Appendix M Album of body-wave seismograms
- Appendix N Exercises
- References
- Further reading
- Author index
- Index
Appendix M - Album of body-wave seismograms
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Abbreviations and mathematical symbols
- Prologue
- 1 Seismology: ancient and modern
- 2 Statistical solutions to seismological problems
- 3 Seismograms as time series
- 4 Seismographs and seismograms
- 5 Seismometer arrays and processing methods
- 6 Seismogram interpretation and synthesis
- 7 Hypocentres and P travel times
- 8 Seismic magnitudes
- 9 Seismic source identification
- 10 Epilogue
- Appendix A P and S radiation from a double-couple source
- Appendix B Normal equations for analysis of variance
- Appendix C Some uses of the FFT
- Appendix D Anelastic attenuation
- Appendix E The relation of the transient and steady-state responses
- Appendix F Seismometer–galvanometer systems
- Appendix G SNI from summing array recordings
- Appendix H The equations for computing MP filters
- Appendix I Circular arrays
- Appendix J Geometrical spreading when S reflects as sP
- Appendix K The Fourier integral for a dispersed wave train
- Appendix L Tables of explosions and earthquakes
- Appendix M Album of body-wave seismograms
- Appendix N Exercises
- References
- Further reading
- Author index
- Index
Summary
Chapter 6 describes detailed analyses of P seismograms of a small selection of earthquakes and explosions, and for some of these seismic disturbances synthetic seismograms are shown that are attempts to match the observed. For the earthquakes, the match between synthetic and observed is generally satisfactory but for the explosions the match is often poor. These analyses cannot show anything of the variety of P seismograms from explosions and particularly earthquakes. The seismograms shown in this appendix, which are principally array recordings, are chosen to demonstrate something of this variety. The arrays referred to in the appendix are, unless otherwise stated, the UK-designed arrays, EKA, GBA, WRA and YKA. The epicentres of all the earthquakes and explosions referred to in the book are shown in Figures M.1 and M.2.
There is no such thing as a typical seismogram and it is difficult to search in a systematic way for examples of seismograms to illustrate properties predicted from theoretical models. Only by chance is it usually possible to find, for example, PP seismograms that are clearly Hilbert transforms of the radiated source pulse, or seismograms with truly emergent onsets, or seismograms showing strong Doppler effects. Chance has played a large part in the choice of earthquake seismograms for inclusion here.
Of the earthquakes chosen for inclusion, half are the subject of earlier studies. The remainder are principally further examples of seismograms showing Doppler effects or Hilbert transforms.
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- Information
- Forensic Seismology and Nuclear Test Bans , pp. 419 - 460Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013