When states practice minority religious discrimination by partnering with a dominant faith tradition, they often end up generating terrorism in two broad ways. First, and most obviously, religious minorities in these countries might rebel against their marginalized and suppressed status. In this sense, terrorism functions as a classic “weapon of the weak.” These kinds of religion-state arrangements, however, can also transform terrorism into a “weapon of the strong” by empowering religious terrorists to attack religious minorities. The cases in this chapter demonstrate how discrimination against religious minorities can result in both forms of terrorism while also giving rise to terrorism against third party states.