Abdih, Yasser, Chami, Ralph, Dagher, Jihad, and Montiel, Peter. 2012. “Remittances and Institutions: Are Remittances a Curse?” World Development 40 (4): 657–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.014.Google Scholar

Acosta, Pablo, Calderón, Cesar, Fajnzylber, Pablo, and Lopez, Humberto. 2008. “What Is the Impact of International Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Latin America?” World Development 36 (1): 89–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.016.Google Scholar

Adams, Richard H., and Cuecuecha, Alfredo. 2010. “Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Guatemala.” World Development 38 (11): 1626–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.03.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adams, Richard H., and Cuecuecha, Alfredo. 2013. “The Impact of Remittances on Investment and Poverty in Ghana.” World Development 50 (October): 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.04.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adams, Richard H., and Page, John. 2005. “Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?” World Development 33 (10): 1645–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adamson, Fiona B., and Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2019. “Migration Diplomacy in World Politics.” International Studies Perspectives 20 (2): 113–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/eky015.Google Scholar

Adhikari, Prakash. 2012. “The Plight of the Forgotten Ones: Civil War and Forced Migration.” International Studies Quarterly 56 (3): 590–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00712.x.Google Scholar

Adida, Claire L., and Girod, Desha M.. 2011. “Do Migrants Improve Their Hometowns? Remittances and Access to Public Services in Mexico, 1995–2000.” Comparative Political Studies 44 (1): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010381073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Agerberg, Mattias. 2019. “The Curse of Knowledge? Education, Corruption, and Politics.” Political Behavior 41 (2): 369–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109–018-9455-7.Google Scholar

Aggarwal, Reena, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Pería, Maria Soledad Martínez. 2011. “Do Remittances Promote Financial Development?” Journal of Development Economics 96 (2): 255–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.10.005.Google Scholar

Aghion, Philippe, and Tirole, Jean. 1997. “Formal and Real Authority in Organizations.” Journal of Political Economy 105 (1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1086/262063.Google Scholar

Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2012. “The Perils of Unearned Foreign Income: Aid, Remittances, and Government Survival.” American Political Science Review 106 (1): 146–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2017. “Remittances and Incumbency: Theory and Evidence.” Economics & Politics 29 (1): 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12086.Google Scholar

Alarian, Hannah M., and Neureiter, Michael. 2021. “Values or Origin? Mandatory Immigrant Integration and Immigration Attitudes in Europe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (5): 1006–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1668756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alfaro, Laura, Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem, and Volosovych, Vadym. 2008. “Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries? An Empirical Investigation.” Review of Economics and Statistics 90 (2): 347–68. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.2.347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allen, Nathan, Wellman, Elizabeth Iams, and Nyblade, Benjamin. 2019. “Extraterritorial Rights and Restrictions Dataset.” https://www.evrrdataset.com/.Google Scholar

Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina, and Bansak, Cynthia. 2014. “Employment Verification Mandates and the Labor Market Outcomes of Likely Unauthorized and Native Workers.” Contemporary Economic Policy 32 (3): 671–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12043.Google Scholar

Andrews, Sarah, Leblang, David, and Pandya, Sonal S.. 2018. “Ethnocentrism Reduces Foreign Direct Investment.” Journal of Politics 80 (2): 697–700. https://doi.org/10.1086/694916.Google Scholar

Angelucci, Manuela. 2015. “Migration and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Mexico.” Review of Economics and Statistics 97 (1): 224–28. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Angin, Merih, Shehaj, Albana, and Shin, Adrian. 2021. “IMF: International Migration Fund.” Working paper.Google Scholar

Artuc, Erhan, Porto, Guido, and Rijkers, Bob. 2019. “Trading off the Income Gains and the Inequality Costs of Trade Policy.” Journal of International Economics 120 (September): 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.05.001.Google Scholar

Asencio, Diego C. 1990. “Unauthorized Migration: An Economic Development Response.” Report of the Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Aslany, Maryam, Carling, Jørgen, Mjelva, Mathilde Bålsrud, and Sommerfelt, Tone. 2021. “Systematic Review of Determinants of Migration Aspirations.” QuantMig deliverable 2.2. Southampton, UK: University of Southampton. https://www.prio.org/Publications/Publication/?x=12613.Google Scholar

Autor, David, Dorn, David, Hanson, Gordon, and Majlesi, Kaveh. 2020. “Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure.” American Economic Review 110 (10): 3139–83. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20170011.Google Scholar

Awases, Magda, Gbary, Akpa R., Nyoni, Jennifer, and Chatora, Rufaro. 2004. Migration of Health Professionals in Six Countries: A Synthesis Report. Report. World Health Organization. www.afro.who.int/publications/migration-health-professionals-six-countries-synthesis-report.Google Scholar

Azizi, SeyedSoroosh. 2021. “The Impacts of Workers’ Remittances on Poverty and Inequality in Developing Countries.” Empirical Economics 60 (2): 969–91.Google Scholar

Azoulay, Pierre, Jones, Benjamin, Daniel Kim, J., and Miranda, Javier. 2020. “Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States.” Working paper 27778. National Bureau of Economic Research. www.nber.org/papers/w27778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baccini, Leonardo, and Weymouth, Stephen. 2021. “Gone For Good: Deindustrialization, White Voter Backlash, and US Presidential Voting.” American Political Science Review 115 (2): 550–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000022.Google Scholar

Bailey, Thomas, and Waldinger, Roger. 1991. “Primary, Secondary, and Enclave Labor Markets: A Training Systems Approach.” American Sociological Review 56 (4): 432–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096266.Google Scholar

Baldwin, David A. 2020. Economic Statecraft. New edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691204420/economic-statecraft.Google Scholar

Bancroft, George. 1849. “Letter to Lord Palmerson, January 26, 1849,” Reprinted in Sen. Ex. Docs. 38, 36th Congress, 1st Session. 160(1860).Google Scholar

Bandelj, Nina. 2002. “Embedded Economies: Social Relations as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe.” Social Forces 81 (2): 411–44. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0001.Google Scholar

Bandelj, Nina. 2007. From Communists to Foreign Capitalists: The Social Foundations of Foreign Direct Investment in Postsocialist Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691129129/from-communists-to-foreign-capitalists.Google Scholar

Bauböck, Rainer. 2003. “Towards a Political Theory of Migrant Transnationalism.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 700–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00155.x.Google Scholar

Beine, Michel, and Parsons, Christopher. 2015. “Climatic Factors as Determinants of International Migration.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 117 (2): 723–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12098.Google Scholar

Beine, Michel, Bourgeon, Pauline, and Bricongne, Jean-Charles. 2019. “Aggregate Fluctuations and International Migration.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 121 (1): 117–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beine, Michel, Bertoli, Simone, and Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas. 2016. “A Practitioners’ Guide to Gravity Models of International Migration.” The World Economy 39 (4): 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bermeo, Sarah Blodgett, and Leblang, David. 2015. “Migration and Foreign Aid.” International Organization 69 (3): 627–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818315000119.Google Scholar

Bertocchi, Graziella, and Strozzi, Chiara. 2008. “International Migration and the Role of Institutions.” Public Choice 137 (1): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127–008-9314-x.Google Scholar

Bertoli, Simone, and Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas. 2013. “Multilateral Resistance to Migration.” Journal of Development Economics, Migration and Development, 102 (May): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.12.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Betts, Alexander. 2009. “Institutional Proliferation and the Global Refugee Regime.” Perspectives on Politics 7 (1): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709090082.Google Scholar

Betz, Hans-Georg. 1994. Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe. London: Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23547-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloemraad, Irene. 2000. “Citizenship and Immigration: A Current Review.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 1 (1): 9–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134–000-1006-4.Google Scholar

Bloemraad, Irene. 2004. “Who Claims Dual Citizenship? The Limits of Postnationalism, the Possibilities of Transnationalism, and the Persistence of Traditional Citizenship.” International Migration Review 38 (2): 389–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00203.x.Google Scholar

Blonigen, Bruce A., and Wang, Miao. 2004. “Inappropriate Pooling of Wealthy and Poor Countries in Empirical FDI Studies.” Working paper 10378. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w10378.Google Scholar

Böcker, Anita G.M. 1994. “Chain Migration over Legally Closed Borders: Settled Immigrants as Bridgeheads and Gatekeepers.” Netherlands’ Journal of Social Sciences 2: 87–106.Google Scholar

Bohn, Sarah, and Pugatch, Todd. 2015. “U.S. Border Enforcement and Mexican Immigrant Location Choice.” Demography 52 (5): 1543–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524–015-0416-z.Google Scholar

Bollard, Albert, McKenzie, David, and Morten, Melanie. 2009. “The Remitting Patterns of African Migrants in the OECD.” Discussion paper 0921. CReAM Discussion Paper Series. Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London. http://www.cream-migration.org/publ_uploads/CDP_21_09.pdf.Google Scholar

Bollard, Albert, McKenzie, David, Morten, Melanie, and Rapoport, Hillel. 2011. “Remittances and the Brain Drain Revisited: The Microdata Show That More Educated Migrants Remit More.” World Bank Economic Review 25 (1): 132–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr013.Google Scholar

Borjas, George J. 1989. “Economic Theory and International Migration.” International Migration Review 23 (3): 457–85. https://doi.org/10.2307/2546424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Borjas, George J. 2000. “Introduction.” In Issues in the Economics of Immigration, edited by Borjas, George J., 1–14. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/issues-economics-immigration/introduction-issues-economics-immigration.Google Scholar

Borjas, George J. 2016. We Wanted Workers: Unraveling the Immigration Narrative. New York: WW Norton. https://wwnorton.com/books/We-Wanted-Workers/.Google Scholar

Boucher, Anna K., and Gest, Justin. 2018. Crossroads: Comparative Immigration Regimes in a World of Demographic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316416631.Google Scholar

Boyd, Monica. 1989. “Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas.” International Migration Review 23 (3): 638–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300313.Google Scholar

Braithwaite, Alex, Salehyan, Idean, and Savun, Burcu. 2019. “Refugees, Forced Migration, and Conflict: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Peace Research 56 (1): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318814128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brücker, Herbert, and Marfouk, Abdeslam. 2013. “Education, Gender and International Migration: Insights from a Panel-Dataset 1980–2010.” Mimeo. IAB. https://www.iab.de/en/daten/iab-brain-drain-data.aspx#How%20to%20cite.Google Scholar

Büthe, Tim, and Milner, Helen V.. 2008. “The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Countries: Increasing FDI through International Trade Agreements?” American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 741–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00340.x.Google Scholar

Calderón Chelius, Leticia. 2003. Voting at a Distance: Comparative Experiences of the Extension of Political Rights to Migrants. Mexico City: Instituto Mora.Google Scholar

Cameron, A. Colin, Gelbach, Jonah B., and Miller, Douglas L.. 2011. “Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 29 (2): 238–49. https://doi.org/10.1198/jbes.2010.07136.Google Scholar

Cameron, A. Colin, and Trivedi, Pravin K.. 2005. Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811241.Google Scholar

Carbaugh, Robert J. 2007. “Is International Trade a Substitute for Migration?” Global Economy Journal 7 (3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1297.Google Scholar

Card, David. 1990. “The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market.” ILR Review 43 (2): 245–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399004300205.Google Scholar

Carling, Jørgen. 2002. “Migration in the Age of Involuntary Immobility: Theoretical Reflections and Cape Verdean Experiences.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28 (1): 5–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830120103912.Google Scholar

Carling, Jørgen, and Schewel, Kerilyn. 2018. “Revisiting Aspiration and Ability in International Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (6): 945–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384146.Google Scholar

Carrington, William, and Detragiache, Enrica. 1998. “How Big Is the Brain Drain?” Working paper 98/102. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/30/How-Big-is-the-Brain-Drain-2677.Google Scholar

Catrinescu, Natalia, Leon-Ledesma, Miguel, Piracha, Matloob, and Quillin, Bryce. 2009. “Remittances, Institutions, and Economic Growth.” World Development 37 (1): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.02.004.Google Scholar

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca, Menozzi, Paolo, and Piazza, Alberto. 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Chami, Ralph, Barajas, Adolfo, Cosimano, Thomas F., Fullenkamp, Connel, Gapen, Michael T., and Montiel, Peter. 2008. “Macroeconomic Consequences of Remittances.” Occasional paper 259. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/op/259/op259.pdf.Google Scholar

Chami, Ralph, Fullenkamp, Connel, and Jahjah, Samir. 2005. “Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development?” IMF Staff Papers 52 (1): 55–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/30035948.Google Scholar

Chiozza, Giacomo, and Goemans, H.E.. 2011. Leaders and International Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Chiswick, Barry R., and Miller, Paul W.. 1995. “The Endogeneity between Language and Earnings: International Analyses.” Journal of Labor Economics 13 (2): 246–88. https://doi.org/10.1086/298374.Google Scholar

Choi, Inbom. 2003. “Korean Diaspora in the Making: Its Current Status and Impact on the Korean Economy.” In The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy: Special Report 15, edited by Fred Bergsten, C. and Choi, Inbom, 9–29. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar

Clark, Ximena, Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. 2007. “Explaining U.S. Immigration, 1971–1998.” Review of Economics and Statistics 89 (2): 359–73. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.2.359.Google Scholar

Clemens, Michael A. 2011. “Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25 (3): 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clemens, Michael A. 2020. “The Emigration Life Cycle: How Development Shapes Emigration from Poor Countries.” Discussion paper 13614. IZA. https://docs.iza.org/dp13614.pdfGoogle Scholar

Clemens, Michael A., and Postel, Hannah M.. 2018. “Deterring Emigration with Foreign Aid: An Overview of Evidence from Low-Income Countries.” Population and Development Review 44 (4): 667–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12184.Google Scholar

Clemens, Michael A., and Hunt, Jennifer. 2019. “The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results.” ILR Review 72 (4): 818–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793918824597.Google Scholar

Clemens, Michael A., and Pritchett, Lant. 2019. “The New Economic Case for Migration Restrictions: An Assessment.” Journal of Development Economics 138 (May): 153–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.12.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clemens, Michael, and Mendola, Mariapia. 2020. “Migration from Developing Countries: Selection, Income Elasticity and Simpson’s Paradox.” Discussion paper 13612. IZA. http://ftp.iza.org/dp13612.pdf.Google Scholar

Clemens, Michael A., Radelet, Steven, Bhavnani, Rikhil R., and Bazzi, Samuel. 2012. “Counting Chickens When They Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth.” The Economic Journal 122 (561): 590–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02482.x.Google Scholar

Cohen, Robin. 1997. Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Global-Diasporas-An-Introduction/Cohen/p/book/9780415435512.Google Scholar

Cohen, Yinon, and Haberfeld, Yitchak. 2001. “Self-Selection and Return Migration: Israeli-Born Jews Returning Home from the United States During the 1980s.” Population Studies 55 (1): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720127675.Google Scholar

Colantone, Italo, and Stanig, Piero. 2019. “The Surge of Economic Nationalism in Western Europe.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 33 (4): 128–51. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.128.Google Scholar

Collier, Paul. 2013. Exodus: How Migration Is Changing Our World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/publications/exodus-how-migration-is-changing-our-world/.Google Scholar

Collyer, Michael. 2005. “When Do Social Networks Fail to Explain Migration? Accounting for the Movement of Algerian Asylum-Seekers to the UK.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4): 699–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830500109852.Google Scholar

Collyer, Michael. ed. 2013. Emigration Nations: Policies and Ideologies of Emigrant Engagement. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137277107.Google Scholar

Combes, Jean-Louis, and Ebeke, Christian. 2011. “Remittances and Household Consumption Instability in Developing Countries.” World Development, Special Section (pp. 1204–70): Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in the Emerging Economies, 39 (7): 1076–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.10.006.Google Scholar

Constant, Amelie, and Massey, Douglas S.. 2002. “Return Migration by German Guestworkers: Neoclassical versus New Economic Theories.” International Migration 40 (4): 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00204.Google Scholar

Cooray, Arusha, and Schneider, Friedrich. 2016. “Does Corruption Promote Emigration? An Empirical Examination.” Journal of Population Economics 29 (1): 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148–015-0563-y.Google Scholar

Coppedge, Michael, Gerring, John, Henrik Knutsen, Carl, Lindberg, Staffan I., Teorell, Jan, Altman, David, Bernhard, Michael, et al. 2021. “V-Dem Codebook V11.” ID 3802627. Rochester, New York: V-Dem Institute. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3802627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Correia, Sergio. 2017. “A Feasible Estimator for Linear Models with Multi-Way Fixed Effects.” Working paper. http://scorreia.com/research/hdfe.pdf.Google Scholar

Correia, Sergio, Guimarães, Paulo, and Zylkin, Tom. 2020. “Fast Poisson Estimation with High-Dimensional Fixed Effects.” Stata Journal 20 (1): 95–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X20909691.Google Scholar

Costa, Barbara. 2017. “Mapping Italy’s Banking History.” Intesa Sanpaolo World. 2017. https://www.world.intesasanpaolo.com/mapping-italys-banking-history/.Google Scholar

Coval, Joshua D., and Moskowitz, Tobias J.. 1999. “Home Bias at Home: Local Equity Preference in Domestic Portfolios.” Journal of Finance 54 (6): 2045–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00181.Google Scholar

Coval, Joshua D., and Moskowitz, Tobias J.. 2001. “The Geography of Investment: Informed Trading and Asset Prices.” Journal of Political Economy 109 (4): 811–41. https://doi.org/10.1086/322088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawley, Heaven. 2010. Chance or Choice? Understanding Why Asylum Seekers Come to the UK. London: British Refugee Council. https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/chance-or-choice-understanding-why-asylum-seekers-come-to-the-uk.Google Scholar

Croke, Kevin, Grossman, Guy, Larreguy, Horacio A., and Marshall, John. 2016. “Deliberate Disengagement: How Education Can Decrease Political Participation in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes.” American Political Science Review 110 (3): 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000253.Google Scholar

Czaika, Mathias, and Parsons, Christopher R.. 2017. “The Gravity of High-Skilled Migration Policies.” Demography 54 (2): 603–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524–017-0559-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Czaika, Mathias, and de Haas, Hein. 2011. “The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies.” DEMIG Project paper 3. International Migration Institute. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7769e8a1-cd85–4d8e-ba2b-09420bd6cd83.Google Scholar

Dahl, Robert. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300015652/polyarchy.Google Scholar

Dancygier, Rafaela M. 2010. Immigration and Conflict in Europe. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511762734.Google Scholar

Dao, Thu Hien, Docquier, Frédéric, Parsons, Chris, and Peri, Giovanni. 2018. “Migration and Development: Dissecting the Anatomy of the Mobility Transition.” Journal of Development Economics 132 (May): 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.003.Google Scholar

Délano, Alexandra. 2010. “Immigrant Integration vs. Transnational Ties? The Role of the Sending State.” Social Research 77 (1): 237–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeSipio, Louis. 2006. “Transnational Politics and Civic Engagement: Do Home-Country Political Ties Limit Latino Immigrant Pursuit of United States Civic Engagement and Citizenship?” In Transforming Politics, Transforming America, edited by Lee, Taeku, Karthick Ramakrishnan, S., and Ramírez, Ricardo, 106–26. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar

Desmet, Klaus, Le Breton, Michel, Ortuno-Ortın, Ignacio, and Weber, Shlomo. 2009. “Stability of Nations and Genetic Diversity.” Working paper. https://www.eco.uc3m.es/personal/iortuno/stability27april2009.pdf.Google Scholar

Devillanova, Carlo, Fasani, Francesco, and Frattini, Tommaso. 2018. “Employment of Undocumented Immigrants and the Prospect of Legal Status: Evidence from an Amnesty Program.” ILR Review 71 (4): 853–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793917743246.Google Scholar

Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Magaloni, Beatriz, and Weingast, Barry R.. 2003. “Tragic Brilliance: Equilibrium Party Hegemony in Mexico.” Unpublished manuscript. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1153510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dimant, Eugen, Krieger, Tim, and Meierrieks, Daniel. 2013. “The Effect of Corruption on Migration,1985–2000.” Applied Economics Letters, June. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504851.2013.806776.Google Scholar

Dimant, Eugen, and Tosato, Guglielmo. 2018. “Causes and Effects of Corruption: What Has Past Decade’s Empirical Research Taught Us? A Survey.” Journal of Economic Surveys 32 (2): 335–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12198.Google Scholar

Disdier, Anne-Célia, and Mayer, Thierry. 2007. “Je t’aime, Moi Non plus: Bilateral Opinions and International Trade.” European Journal of Political Economy 23 (4): 1140–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.09.021.Google Scholar

Docquier, Frédéric, Tansel, Aysit, and Turati, Riccardo. 2020. “Do Emigrants Self-Select Along Cultural Traits? Evidence from the MENA Countries.” International Migration Review 54 (2): 388–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319849011.Google Scholar

Dodge, Rachel, Daly, Annette P., Huyton, Jan, and Sanders, Lalage D.. 2012. “The Challenge of Defining Wellbeing.” International Journal of Wellbeing 2 (3). https://www.internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/view/89.Google Scholar

Dowding, Keith, and John, Peter. 2008. “The Three Exit, Three Voice and Loyalty Framework: A Test with Survey Data on Local Services.” Political Studies 56 (2): 288–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00688.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dowding, Keith, John, Peter, Mergoupis, Thanos, and Van Vugt, Mark. 2000. “Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Analytic and Empirical Developments.” European Journal of Political Research 37 (4): 469–95. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007134730724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doyle, David. 2015. “Remittances and Social Spending.” American Political Science Review 109 (4): 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000416.Google Scholar

Dreher, Axel, Sturm, Jan-Egbert, and Vreeland, James. 2009. “Development Aid and International Politics: Does membership on the UN Security Council influence World Bank decisions?” Journal of Development Economics 88: 1–18.Google Scholar

Duquette-Rury, Lauren. 2014. “Collective Remittances and Transnational Coproduction: The 3 × 1 Program for Migrants and Household Access to Public Goods in Mexico.” Studies in Comparative International Development 49 (1): 112–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116–014-9153-3.Google Scholar

Dustmann, Christian, and Okatenko, Anna. 2014. “Out-Migration, Wealth Constraints, and the Quality of Local Amenities.” Journal of Development Economics, Land and Property Rights, 110 (September): 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.05.008.Google Scholar

Dustmann, Christian, and Fasani, Francesco. 2016. “The Effect of Local Area Crime on Mental Health.” The Economic Journal 126 (593): 978–1017. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12205.Google Scholar

Eichengreen, Barry, and Flandreau, Marc. 1997. Gold Standard In Theory & History. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Gold-Standard-In-Theory--History/Eichengreen-Flandreau/p/book/9780415150613.Google Scholar

Eichengreen, Barry, and Leblang, David. 2008. “Democracy and Globalization.” Economics & Politics 20 (3): 289–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2007.00329.x.Google Scholar

Eichengreen, Barry, and Luengnaruemitchai, Pipat. 2006. “Bond Markets as Conduits for Capital Flows: How Does Asia Compare?” Working paper 12408. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w12408.Google Scholar

Elton, Edwin J., Gruber, Martin J., Brown, Stephen J., and Goetzmann, William N.. 2003. Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar

Escobar, Cristina. 2017. “Migration and Franchise Expansion in Latin America.” Comparative report 2017/1. Fiesole, Italy: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.Google Scholar

Escribà-Folch, Abel, Meseguer, Covadonga, and Wright, Joseph. 2015. “Remittances and Democratization.” International Studies Quarterly 59 (3): 571–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12180.Google Scholar

Escribà-Folch, Abel, Meseguer, Covadonga, and Wright, Joseph. 2018. “Remittances and Protest in Dictatorships.” American Journal of Political Science 62 (4): 889–904. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12382.Google Scholar

Escribà-Folch, Abel, Wright, Joseph, and Meseguer, Covadonga. 2022. Migration and Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691199382/migration-and-democracy.Google Scholar

European Union Trust Fund for Africa. 2016. “Annual Report.”Google Scholar

Eurostat. 2020. “Eurostat – Migration and Asylum.” 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/migration-asylum.Google Scholar

Faist, Thomas. 2000. “Transnationalization in International Migration: Implications for the Study of Citizenship and Culture.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (2): 189–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/014198700329024.Google Scholar

fDi, Markets. 2021. “fDi Markets: The In-Depth Crossborder Investment Monitor from the Financial Times.” 2021. https://www.fdimarkets.com/.Google Scholar

Feigenbaum, James J., and Hall, Andrew B.. 2015. “How Legislators Respond to Localized Economic Shocks: Evidence from Chinese Import Competition.” Journal of Politics 77 (4): 1012–30. https://doi.org/10.1086/682151.Google Scholar

Felbermayr, Gabriel J., and Toubal, Farid. 2012. “Revisiting the Trade-Migration Nexus: Evidence from New OECD Data.” World Development 40 (5): 928–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.016.Google Scholar

Ferraz, Claudio, and Finan, Frederico. 2011. “Electoral Accountability and Corruption: Evidence from the Audits of Local Governments.” American Economic Review 101 (4): 1274–1311. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.4.1274.Google Scholar

Fiorina, Morris P. 1978. “Economic Retrospective Voting in American National Elections: A Micro-Analysis.” American Journal of Political Science 22 (2): 426–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110623.Google Scholar

FitzGerald, David. 2008. A Nation of Emigrants: How Mexico Manages Its Migration. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.Google Scholar

FitzGerald, David Scott. 2020. “Remote Control of Migration: Theorising Territoriality, Shared Coercion, and Deterrence.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (1): 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115.Google Scholar

Fitzgerald, Jennifer. 2018. Close to Home: Local Ties and Voting Radical Right in Europe. Cambridge Studies in Public Opinion and Political Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108377218.Google Scholar

Fitzgerald, Jennifer, Leblang, David, and Teets, Jessica C.. 2014. “Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration.” World Politics 66 (3): 406–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887114000112.Google Scholar

Fong, Eric, and Ooka, Emi. 2002. “The Social Consequences of Participating in the Ethnic Economy.” International Migration Review 36 (1): 125–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00074.x.Google Scholar

Fougère, Denis, and Safi, Mirna. 2009. “Naturalization and Employment of Immigrants in France (1968‐1999).” International Journal of Manpower 30 (1/2): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720910948410.Google Scholar

Freeman, Gary P. 1994. “Can Liberal States Control Unwanted Migration?” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 534 (1): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716294534001002.Google Scholar

Freeman, Gary P. 1995. “Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic States.” International Migration Review 29 (4): 881–902. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900401.Google Scholar

Freeman, Gary P., and Ögelman, Nedim. 1998. “Homeland Citizenship Policies and the Status of Third Country Nationals in the European Union.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24 (4): 769–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1998.9976665.Google Scholar

Freinkman, Lev. 2002. Role of the Diasporas in Transition Economies: Lessons from Armenia. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

French, Kenneth R., and Poterba, James M.. 1991. “Investor Diversification and International Equity Markets.” American Economic Review 81 (2): 222–26.Google Scholar

Frieden, Jeffry A. 1994. “Exchange Rate Politics: Contemporary Lessons from American History.” Review of International Political Economy 1 (1): 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692299408434269.Google Scholar

Frieden, Jeffry A. 2012. “From the American Century to Globalization.” In The Short American Century: A Postmortem, edited by Bacevich, Andrew J.. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674725690&content=toc.Google Scholar

Fussell, Elizabeth. 2010. “The Cumulative Causation of International Migration in Latin America.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 630 (1): 162–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716210368108.Google Scholar

Gaikwad, Nikhar, Hanson, Kolby, and Toth, Aliz. 2021. “Do International Employment Opportunities Impact Individuals’ Political Preferences and Behavior?” Unpublished manuscript. https://nikhargaikwad.com/resources/Gaikwad-Hanson-Toth-2021.pdf.Google Scholar

Gallup. 2021. “Gallup World Poll.” 2021. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/318875/global-research.aspx.Google Scholar

Gamlen, Alan. 2008. “The Emigration State and the Modern Geopolitical Imagination.” Political Geography 27 (8): 840–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.10.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gamlen, Alan. 2019. Human Geopolitics: States, Emigrants, and the Rise of Diaspora Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833499.001.0001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gamlen, Alan, Cummings, Michael E., and Vaaler, Paul M.. 2019. “Explaining the Rise of Diaspora Institutions.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (4): 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409163.Google Scholar

Gibson, John, and McKenzie, David. 2011. “Eight Questions about Brain Drain.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25 (3): 107–28. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.107.Google Scholar

Gibson, John, and McKenzie, David. 2012. “The Economic Consequences of ‘Brain Drain’ of the Best and Brightest: Microeconomic Evidence from Five Countries.” The Economic Journal 122 (560): 339–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02498.x.Google Scholar

Gindling, Tim H. 2009. “South–South Migration: The Impact of Nicaraguan Immigrants on Earnings, Inequality and Poverty in Costa Rica.” World Development 37 (1): 116–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.013.Google Scholar

Giuliano, Paola, Spilimbergo, Antonio, and Tonon, Giovanni. 2006. “Genetic, Cultural and Geographical Distances.” Discussion paper 2229. IZA. http://ftp.iza.org/dp2229.pdf.Google Scholar

Giuliano, Paola, and Ruiz-Arranz, Marta. 2009. “Remittances, Financial Development, and Growth.” Journal of Development Economics 90 (1): 144–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.10.005.Google Scholar

Glennon, Britta. 2020. “How Do Restrictions on High-Skilled Immigration Affect Offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B Program.” Working paper 27538. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27538.Google Scholar

Golder, Matt. 2003. “Explaining Variation in the Success Of Extreme Right Parties In Western Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 36 (4): 432–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414003251176.Google Scholar

Goldring, Luin. 1998. “The Power of Status in Transnational Social Fields.” In Transnationalism from Below, edited by Peter Smith, Michael and Eduardo Guarnizo, Luis. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar

Goldstein, Judith L., and Peters, Margaret E.. 2014. “Nativism or Economic Threat: Attitudes Toward Immigrants During the Great Recession.” International Interactions 40 (3): 376–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2014.899219.Google Scholar

Goodman, Sara Wallace. 2015. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Citizenship and Integration Policy: Past Lessons and New Approaches.” Comparative Political Studies 48 (14): 1905–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015592648.Google Scholar

Goodman, Sara Wallace, and Pepinsky, Thomas B.. 2021. “The Exclusionary Foundations of Embedded Liberalism.” International Organization 75 (2): 411–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000478.Google Scholar

Gould, David M. 1994. “Immigrant Links to the Home Country: Empirical Implications for U.S. Bilateral Trade Flows.” Review of Economics and Statistics 76 (2): 302–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109884.Google Scholar

Graham, Benjamin A.T. 2019. Investing in the Homeland: Migration, Social Ties, and Foreign Firms. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.10011255.Google Scholar

Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (6): 1360–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469.Google Scholar

Greif, Avner. 1989. “Reputation and Coalitions in Medieval Trade: Evidence on the Maghribi Traders.” Journal of Economic History 49 (4): 857–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700009475.Google Scholar

Greif, Avner. 1993. “Contract Enforceability and Economic Institutions in Early Trade: The Maghribi Traders’ Coalition.” American Economic Review 83 (3): 525–48.Google Scholar

Grinblatt, Mark, and Keloharju, Matti. 2001. “How Distance, Language, and Culture Influence Stockholdings and Trades.” Journal of Finance 56 (3): 1053–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00355.Google Scholar

Grogger, Jeffrey, and Hanson, Gordon H.. 2011. “Income Maximization and the Selection and Sorting of International Migrants.” Journal of Development Economics, Symposium on Globalization and Brain Drain, 95 (1): 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.06.003.Google Scholar

Grzymala-Busse, Anna, Kuo, Didi, Fukuyama, Francis, and McFaul, Michael. 2020. “Global Populisms and Their Challenges.” Stanford: Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. https://fsi.stanford.edu/global-populisms/global-populisms-and-their-challenges.Google Scholar

Guiso, Luigi, Sapienza, Paola, and Zingales, Luigi. 2009. “Cultural Biases in Economic Exchange?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (3): 1095–131. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1095.Google Scholar

Gülzau, Fabian, and Mau, Steffen. 2021. “Walls, Barriers, Checkpoints, Landmarks, and ‘No-Man’s-Land.’ A Quantitative Typology of Border Control Infrastructure.” Historical Social Research 46 (3): 23–48.Google Scholar

Gupta, Sanjeev, Pattillo, Catherine A., and Wagh, Smita. 2009. “Effect of Remittances on Poverty and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Development 37 (1): 104–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.007.Google Scholar

Gutiérrez, Carlos González. 1999. “Fostering Identities: Mexico’s Relations with Its Diaspora.” Journal of American History 86 (2): 545–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2567045.Google Scholar

Haas, Hein de, Vezzoli, Simona, and Natter, Katharina. 2014. “DEMIG POLICY.” Dataset. International Migration Institute. https://www.migrationinstitute.org/data/demig-data/demig-policy-1.Google Scholar

Mohsin, Habib, and Zurawicki, Leon. 2002. “Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment.” Journal of International Business Studies 33 (2): 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491017.Google Scholar

Hagan, Jacqueline Maria. 1998. “Social Networks, Gender, and Immigrant Incorporation: Resources and Constraints.” American Sociological Review 63 (1): 55–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657477.Google Scholar

Hainmueller, Jens, and Hopkins, Daniel J.. 2014. “Public Attitudes Toward Immigration.” Annual Review of Political Science 17 (1): 225–49. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-102512-194818.Google Scholar

Hainmueller, Jens, and Hiscox, Michael J.. 2010. “Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-Skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.” American Political Science Review 104 (1): 61–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990372.Google Scholar

Halleröd, Björn, Rothstein, Bo, Daoud, Adel, and Nandy, Shailen. 2013. “Bad Governance and Poor Children: A Comparative Analysis of Government Efficiency and Severe Child Deprivation in 68 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” World Development 48 (August): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.03.007.Google Scholar

Hansen, Randall. 2009. “The Poverty of Postnationalism: Citizenship, Immigration, and the New Europe.” Theory and Society 38 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186–008-9074-0.Google Scholar

Hanson, Gordon H., and Spilimbergo, Antonio. 1999. “Illegal Immigration, Border Enforcement, and Relative Wages: Evidence from Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico Border.” American Economic Review 89 (5): 1337–57. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.5.1337.Google Scholar

Hassner, Ron E., and Wittenberg, Jason. 2015. “Barriers to Entry: Who Builds Fortified Boundaries and Why?” International Security 40 (1): 157–90. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00206.Google Scholar

Hatton, Timothy J. 2020. “Asylum Migration to the Developed World: Persecution, Incentives, and Policy.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 34 (1): 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.1.75.Google Scholar

Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. 1998. The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. 1st edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. 2003. “Demographic and Economic Pressure on Emigration out of Africa.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 105 (3): 465–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.t01–2-00008.Google Scholar

Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. 2005. Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/global-migration-and-world-economy.Google Scholar

Hatton, Timothy J., and Williamson, Jeffrey G.. 2011. “Are Third World Emigration Forces Abating?” World Development 39 (1): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.006.Google Scholar

Head, Keith, Mayer, Thierry, and Ries, John. 2010. “The Erosion of Colonial Trade Linkages After Independence.” Journal of International Economics 81 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2010.01.002.Google Scholar

Helbling, Marc, and Leblang, David. 2019. “Controlling Immigration? How Regulations Affect Migration Flows.” European Journal of Political Research 58 (1): 248–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12279.Google Scholar

Helbling, Marc, and Kalkum, Dorina. 2018. “Migration Policy Trends in OECD Countries.” Journal of European Public Policy 25 (12): 1779–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1361466.Google Scholar

Helbling, Marc, Bjerre, Liv, Römer, Friederike, and Zobel, Malisa. 2017. “Measuring Immigration Policies: The IMPIC Database.” European Political Science 16 (1): 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2016.4.Google Scholar

Helliwell, John F., and Huang, Haifang. 2008. “How’s Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being.” British Journal of Political Science 38 (4): 595–619. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000306.Google Scholar

Helliwell, John F., Huang, Haifang, Grover, Shawn, and Wang, Shun. 2018. “Empirical Linkages between Good Governance and National Well-Being.” Journal of Comparative Economics 46 (4): 1332–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.01.004.Google Scholar

Helms, Benjamin, and Leblang, David. 2019. “Global Migration: Causes and Consequences.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, February. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.631.Google Scholar

Helms, Benjamin, and Leblang, David. 2022. “Labor Market Policy as Immigration Control: The Case of Temporary Protected Status.” International Studies Quarterly 6 (3): sqac042.Google Scholar

Henisz, Witold J. 2000. “The Institutional Environment for Multinational Investment.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 16 (2): 334–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/16.2.334.Google Scholar

Henry, Ruby. 2009. “Does Racism Affect a Migrant’s Choice of Destination?” Discussion paper 4349. IZA. http://ftp.iza.org/dp4349.pdf.Google Scholar

Hily, Marie-Antoinette, and Poinard, Michel. 1987. “Portuguese Associations in France.” In Immigrant Associations in Europe, edited by Rex, John, Joly, Danièle, and Wilpert, Czarina. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing.Google Scholar

Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674276604.Google Scholar

Holland, Alisha C., and Peters, Margaret E.. 2020. “Explaining Migration Timing: Political Information and Opportunities.” International Organization 74 (3): 560–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002081832000017X.Google Scholar

Hollifield, James F. 1992. Immigrants, Markets, and States: The Political Economy of Postwar Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674444232.Google Scholar

Hollifield, James F. 2004. “The Emerging Migration State.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 885–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00223.x.Google Scholar

Huber, John, and Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies.” Party Politics 1 (1): 73–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001004.Google Scholar

Huberman, Gur. 2001. “Familiarity Breeds Investment.” Review of Financial Studies 14 (3): 659–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/14.3.659.Google Scholar

Hujo, Katja, and Piper, Nicola. 2007. “South–South Migration: Challenges for Development and Social Policy.” Development 50 (4): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100419.Google Scholar

Hunt, Jennifer, and Gauthier-Loiselle, Marjolaine. 2010. “How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2 (2): 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.2.31.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. 2001. After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and He Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691050911/after-victory.Google Scholar

Imai, Katsushi S., Gaiha, Raghav, Ali, Abdilahi, and Kaicker, Nidhi. 2014. “Remittances, Growth and Poverty: New Evidence from Asian Countries.” Journal of Policy Modeling 36 (3): 524–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2014.01.009.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. 2017. “Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse.” Perspectives on Politics 15 (2): 443–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592717000111.Google Scholar

Iosifides, Theodoros, Lavrentiadou, Mari, Petracou, Electra, and Kontis, Antonios. 2007. “Forms of Social Capital and the Incorporation of Albanian Immigrants in Greece.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (8): 1343–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701614247.Google Scholar

Itzigsohn, José. 2000. “Immigration and the Boundaries of Citizenship: The Institutions of Immigrants’ Political Transnationalism.” International Migration Review 34 (4): 1126–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400403.Google Scholar

Javorcik, Beata S., Özden, Çağlar, Spatareanu, Mariana, and Neagu, Cristina. 2011. “Migrant Networks and Foreign Direct Investment.” Journal of Development Economics 94 (2): 231–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.01.012.Google Scholar

Jensen, J. Bradford, Quinn, Dennis P., and Weymouth, Stephen. 2017. “Winners and Losers in International Trade: The Effects on US Presidential Voting.” International Organization 71 (3): 423–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818317000194.Google Scholar

Jensen, Nathan M. 2003. “Democratic Governance and Multinational Corporations: Political Regimes and Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment.” International Organization 57 (3): 587–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303573040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jetten, Jolanda, Mols, Frank, and Postmes, Tom. 2015. “Relative Deprivation and Relative Wealth Enhances Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: The V-Curve Re-Examined.” PLoS ONE 10 (10): e0139156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139156.Google Scholar

Jetten, Jolanda, Mols, Frank, and Steffens, Niklas K.. 2021. “Prosperous but Fearful of Falling: The Wealth Paradox, Collective Angst, and Opposition to Immigration.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 47 (5): 766–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220944112.Google Scholar

Joly, Danièle. 1987. “Associations amongst the Pakistani Population in Britain.” In Immigrant Associations in Europe, edited by Rex, John, Joly, Danièle, and Wilpert, Czarina. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing.Google Scholar

Jones-Correa, Michael. 2001. “Under Two Flags: Dual Nationality in Latin America and Its Consequences for Naturalization in the United States.” International Migration Review 35 (4): 997–1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747–7379.2001.tb00050.x.Google Scholar

Joppke, Christian. 1998. “Why Liberal States Accept Unwanted Immigration.” World Politics 50 (2): 266–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388710000811X.Google Scholar

Joppke, Christian. 2020. “Immigration in the Populist Crucible: Comparing Brexit and Trump.” Comparative Migration Studies 8 (1): 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878–020-00208-y.Google Scholar

Kahanec, Martin, and Zimmermann, Klaus F.. 2010. “High-Skilled Immigration Policy in Europe.” Discussion paper 5399. IZA. http://ftp.iza.org/dp5399.pdf.Google Scholar

Kang, Jun-Koo, and Stulz, Rene M.. 1997. “Is Bank-Centered Corporate Governance Worth It? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Performance of Japanese Firms during the Asset Price Deflation.” Working paper 6238. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w6238.Google Scholar

Kapur, Devesh. 2001. “Diasporas and Technology Transfer.” Journal of Human Development 2 (2): 265–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880120067284.Google Scholar

Kapur, Devesh, and McHale, John. 2005. Give Us Your Best and Brightest: The Global Hunt for Talent and Its Impact on the Developing World. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/9781933286037-Kapur-Hale-best-and-brightest.pdf.Google Scholar

Katz, Eliakim, and Stark, Oded. 1986. “Labor Migration and Risk Aversion in Less Developed Countries.” Journal of Labor Economics 4 (1): 134–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/298097.Google Scholar

Kaushal, Neeraj. 2006. “Amnesty Programs and the Labor Market Outcomes of Undocumented Workers.” Journal of Human Resources XLI (3): 631–47. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.XLI.3.631.Google Scholar

Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S.. 1974. “Transgovernmental Relations and International Organizations.” World Politics 27 (1): 39–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/2009925.Google Scholar

Kerr, Sari Pekkala, 2017. “Immigrant Entrepreneurship.” In Measuring Entrepreneurial Business: Current Knowledge and Challenges, edited by Haltiwanger, John, Hurst, Erik, Miranda, Javier, and Schoar, Antoinette, 187–250. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226454108-008.Google Scholar

Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and Kerr, William R.. 2011. “Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey.” Working paper 16736. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w16736.Google Scholar

Kerr, William R. 2018. The Gift of Global Talent: How Migration Shapes Business, Economy & Society. Palo Alto, Californie: Stanford University Press. https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=29770.Google Scholar

Keynes, John Maynard. 1919. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351304641.Google Scholar

Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 1991. The Logic of Delegation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L/bo3629025.html.Google Scholar

Kleinman, Ephraim. 1996. Jewish and Palestinian Diaspora Attitudes to Philanthropy and Investment. Tel Aviv: Hebrew University Press.Google Scholar

Knoll, Anna, and Sheriff, Andrew. 2017. “Making Waves: Implications of the Irregular Migration and Refugee Situation on Official Development Assistance Spending and Practices in Europe.” Report 2017:01. EBA. https://www.oecd.org/derec/sweden/201701-ECDPM-rapport.pdf.Google Scholar

Koczan, Zsoka, and Loyola, Franz. 2018. “How Do Migration and Remittances Affect Inequality? A Case Study of Mexico.” Working paper 18/136. Washington, D C: IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2018/06/14/How-Do-Migration-and-Remittances-Affect-Inequality-A-Case-Study-of-Mexico-45926.Google Scholar

Kogut, Bruce, and Singh, Harbir. 1988. “The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode.” Journal of International Business Studies 19 (3): 411–32. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490394.Google Scholar

Kolenikov, Stanislav, and Angeles, Gustavo. 2009. “Socioeconomic Status Measurement with Discrete Proxy Variables: Is Principal Component Analysis a Reliable Answer?” Review of Income and Wealth 55 (1): 128–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2008.00309.x.Google Scholar

Kone, Zovanga L., and Özden, Çağlar. 2017. “Brain Drain, Gain and Circulation.” In Handbook of Globalisation and Development, edited by Reinert, Kenneth A.. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783478651.00029.Google Scholar

Koslowski, Rey. 2003. “Challenges of International Cooperation in a World of Increasing Dual Nationality.” In Rights and Duties of Dual Nationals: Evolution and Prospects, edited by Martin, David A. and Hailbronner, Kay, 157–82. The Hague, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar

Kossoudji, Sherrie A., and Cobb‐Clark, Deborah A.. 2002. “Coming out of the Shadows: Learning about Legal Status and Wages from the Legalized Population.” Journal of Labor Economics 20 (3): 598–628. https://doi.org/10.1086/339611.Google Scholar

Kugler, Maurice, Levintal, Oren, and Rapoport, Hillel. 2018. “Migration and Cross-Border Financial Flows.” World Bank Economic Review 32 (1): 148–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx007.Google Scholar

Kunovich, Robert M. 2004. “Social Structural Position and Prejudice: An Exploration of Cross-National Differences in Regression Slopes.” Social Science Research 33 (1): 20–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049–089X(03)00037-1.Google Scholar

Kustov, Alexander. 2020. “‘Bloom Where You’Re Planted’: Explaining Public Opposition to (E)Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Forthcoming (May): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1754770.Google Scholar

Kustov, Alexander, Laaker, Dillon, and Reller, Cassidy. 2021. “The Stability of Immigration Attitudes: Evidence and Implications.” The Journal of Politics, (83)4: 1478–1494. https://doi.org/10.1086/715061.Google Scholar

Lafleur, Jean-Michel, and Calderón Chelius, Leticia. 2011. “Assessing Emigrant Participation in Home Country Elections: The Case of Mexico’s 2006 Presidential Election.” International Migration 49 (3): 99–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00682.x.Google Scholar

Lanati, Mauro, and Thiele, Rainer. 2018. “The Impact of Foreign Aid on Migration Revisited.” World Development 111 (November): 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.021.Google Scholar

Lane, Philip R. 2006. “Global Bond Portfolios and EMU.” International Journal of Central Banking 2 (2): 1–23.Google Scholar

Lane, Philip R., and Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria. 2008. “International Investment Patterns.” Review of Economics and Statistics 90 (3): 538–49. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.3.538.Google Scholar

Larreguy, Horacio, and Marshall, John. 2017. “The Effect of Education on Civic and Political Engagement in Nonconsolidated Democracies: Evidence from Nigeria.” Review of Economics and Statistics 99 (3): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00633.Google Scholar

Lazear, Edward P. 1995. “Culture and Language.” Working paper 5249. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w5249.Google Scholar

Leblang, David. 2010. “Familiarity Breeds Investment: Diaspora Networks and International Investment.” American Political Science Review 104 (3): 584–600. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000201.Google Scholar

Leblang, David. 2017. “Harnessing the Diaspora: Dual Citizenship, Migrant Return Remittances.” Comparative Political Studies 50 (1): 75–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015606736.Google Scholar

Lederman, Daniel, Loayza, Norman V., and Soares, Rodrigo R.. 2005. “Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter.” Economics & Politics 17 (1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00145.x.Google Scholar

Lee, Melissa M., Walter-Drop, Gregor, and Wiesel, John. 2014. “Taking the State (Back) Out? Statehood and the Delivery of Collective Goods.” Governance 27 (4): 635–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12069.Google Scholar

Leeds, Brett, Ritter, Jeffrey, Mitchell, Sara, and Long, Andrew. 2002. “Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815–1944.” International Interactions 28 (3): 237–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050620213653.Google Scholar

Legrain, Philippe. 2020. Them and Us: How Immigrants and Locals Can Thrive Together. London: Oneworld Publications. https://oneworld-publications.com/them-and-us.html.Google Scholar

Levitt, Peggy. 1998. “Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion.” International Migration Review 32 (4): 926–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200404.Google Scholar

Lewis, Karen K. 1999. “Trying to Explain Home Bias in Equities and Consumption.” Journal of Economic Literature 37 (2): 571–608. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.2.571.Google Scholar

Lewis, W. Arthur. 1954. “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour.” The Manchester School 22 (2): 139–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x.Google Scholar

Light, Ivan, Bernard, Richard B., and Kim, Rebecca. 1999. “Immigrant Incorporation in the Garment Industry of Los Angeles.” International Migration Review 33 (1): 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839903300101.Google Scholar

Linebarger, Christopher, and Braithwaite, Alex. 2020. “Do Walls Work? The Effectiveness of Border Barriers in Containing the Cross-Border Spread of Violent Militancy.” International Studies Quarterly 64 (3): 487–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa035.Google Scholar

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.” American Political Science Review 53 (1): 69–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/1951731.Google Scholar

Lorenc, Theo, Clayton, Stephen, Neary, David, Whitehead, Margaret, Petticrew, Mark, Thomson, Hilary, Cummins, Steven, Sowden, Amanda, and Renton, Adrian. 2012. “Crime, Fear of Crime, Environment, and Mental Health and Wellbeing: Mapping Review of Theories and Causal Pathways.” Health & Place, Infectious Insecurities, 18 (4): 757–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.001.Google Scholar

Loungani, Prakash, Mody, Ashoka, and Razin, Assaf. 2002. “The Global Disconnect: The Role of Transactional Distance and Scale Economies in Gravity Equations.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 49 (5): 526–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00246.Google Scholar

Lucas, Robert E. 1990. “Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?” American Economic Review 80 (2): 92–96.Google Scholar

Lupia, Arthur, and Mccubbins, Mathew D.. 2000. “Representation or Abdication? How Citizens Use Institutions to Help Delegation Succeed.” European Journal of Political Research 37 (3): 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007068904236.Google Scholar

Makina, Daniel. 2012. “Determinants of Return Migration Intentions: Evidence from Zimbabwean Migrants Living in South Africa.” Development Southern Africa 29 (3): 365–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2012.706034.Google Scholar

Manchin, Miriam, and Orazbayev, Sultan. 2018. “Social Networks and the Intention to Migrate.” World Development 109 (September): 360–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.011.Google Scholar

Marcel, Lubbers. 2000. “Expert Judgment Survey of West-European Political Parties 2000.” Dataset. Nijmegen, Netherlands: NOW, Department of Sociology, University of Nijmegen.Google Scholar

Margalit, Yotam. 2012. “Lost in Globalization: International Economic Integration and the Sources of Popular Discontent.” International Studies Quarterly 56 (3): 484–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2012.00747.x.Google Scholar

Margalit, Yotam. 2019. “Economic Insecurity and the Causes of Populism, Reconsidered.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 33 (4): 152–70. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.152.Google Scholar

Massey, Douglas S. 1990. “Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.” Population Index 56 (1): 3–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/3644186.Google Scholar

Massey, Douglas S. 2009. “The Political Economy of Migration in an Era of Globalization.” In International Migration and Human Rights: The Global Repercussions of US Policy, edited by Martinez, Samuel. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520258211.001.0001.Google Scholar

Massey, Douglas S., and España, Felipe García. 1987. “The Social Process of International Migration.” Science 237 (4816): 733–38. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4816.733.Google Scholar

Massey, Douglas S., Arango, Joaquin, Hugo, Graeme, Kouaouci, Ali, Pellegrino, Adela, and Edward Taylor, J.. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal.” Population and Development Review 19 (3): 431–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462.Google Scholar

Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Zhai, Panmao, Pirani, Anna, Connors, Sarah L., Péan, C., Berger, Sophie, Caud, Nada, et al., eds. 2021. “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report.” In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Mayda, Anna Maria. 2006. “Who Is Against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants.” Review of Economics and Statistics 88 (3): 510–30. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.3.510.Google Scholar

Mayda, Anna Maria. 2010. “International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of the Determinants of Bilateral Flows.” Journal of Population Economics 23 (4): 1249–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148–009-0251-x.Google Scholar

Mazzolari, Francesca. 2009. “Dual Citizenship Rights: Do They Make More and Richer Citizens?” Demography 46 (1): 169–91. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0038.Google Scholar

McAuliffe, Marie, and Khadria, Binod. 2020. “World Migration Report 2020.” Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration. https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020.Google Scholar

McManus, Walter, Gould, William, and Welch, Finis. 1983. “Earnings of Hispanic Men: The Role of English Language Proficiency.” Journal of Labor Economics 1 (2): 101–30. https://doi.org/10.1086/298006.Google Scholar

Mede, Niels G., and Schäfer, Mike S.. 2020. “Science-Related Populism: Conceptualizing Populist Demands toward Science.” Public Understanding of Science 29 (5): 473–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662520924259.Google Scholar

Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M., and Morrow, James D.. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/logic-political-survival.Google Scholar

Messina, Anthony M. 2007. The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167192.Google Scholar

Miller, Michael K., and Peters, Margaret E.. 2020. “Restraining the Huddled Masses: Migration Policy and Autocratic Survival.” British Journal of Political Science 50 (2): 403–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000680.Google Scholar

Mols, Frank, and Jetten, Jolanda. 2016. “Explaining the Appeal of Populist Right-Wing Parties in Times of Economic Prosperity.” Political Psychology 37 (2): 275–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12258.Google Scholar

Morales, Nicolas. 2021. “High-Skill Migration, Multinational Companies and the Location of Economic Activity.” Working paper 19-20. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/working_papers/2019/wp_19-20.Google Scholar

Moriconi, Simone, Peri, Giovanni, and Turati, Riccardo. 2018. “Skill of the Immigrants and Vote of the Natives: Immigration and Nationalism in European Elections 2007-2016.” Working paper 25077. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w25077.Google Scholar

Mundell, Robert A. 1957. “International Trade and Factor Mobility.” American Economic Review 47 (3): 321–35.Google Scholar

Nanes, Matthew, and Bachus, Trevor. 2021. “Walls and Strategic Innovation in Violent Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 65 (6): 1131–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002721994667.Google Scholar

Neumayer, Eric. 2005. “Bogus Refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe.” International Studies Quarterly 49 (3): 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2005.00370.x.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa. 2005. Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615955.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108595841.Google Scholar

North, Douglas C. 2005. Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691145952/understanding-the-process-of-economic-change.Google Scholar

Nowrasteh, Alex, and Powell, Benjamin. 2020. Wretched Refuse? The Political Economy of Immigration and Institutions. Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108776899.Google Scholar

Ocantos, Ezequiel Gonzalez, Kiewiet de Jonge, Chad, and Nickerson, David W.. 2014. “The Conditionality of Vote-Buying Norms: Experimental Evidence from Latin America.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (1): 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12047.Google Scholar

OECD. 2019. “OECD International Migration Database.” 2019. https://www.oecd.org/els/mig/keystat.htm.Google Scholar

OECD. 2020. International Migration Outlook. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec98f531-en.Google Scholar

Office of Immigration Statistics. 2017. “Efforts by DHS to Estimate Southwest Border Security between Ports of Entry.” Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/17_0914_estimates-of-border-security.pdf.Google Scholar

Oishi, Shigehiro, Schimmack, Ulrich, and Diener, Ed. 2012. “Progressive Taxation and the Subjective Well-Being of Nations.” Psychological Science 23 (1): 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611420882.Google Scholar

Okawa, Yohei, and van Wincoop, Eric. 2012. “Gravity in International Finance.” Journal of International Economics 87 (2): 205–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.01.006.Google Scholar

Olivas, Osuna, Javier, José, and Rama, José. 2021. “COVID-19: A Political Virus? VOX’s Populist Discourse in Times of Crisis.” Frontiers in Political Science 3 (June): 1–17.Google Scholar

Olken, Benjamin A., and Pande, Rohini. 2012. “Corruption in Developing Countries.” Annual Review of Economics 4 (1): 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917.Google Scholar

Orefice, Gianluca. 2015. “International Migration and Trade Agreements: The New Role of PTAs.” Canadian Journal of Economics 48 (1): 310–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12122.Google Scholar

Orrenius, Pia M., and Zavodny, Madeline. 2015. “The Impact of Temporary Protected Status on Immigrants’ Labor Market Outcomes.” American Economic Review 105 (5): 576–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151109.Google Scholar

Ortega, Francesc, and Peri, Giovanni. 2009. “The Causes and Effects of International Migrations: Evidence from OECD Countries 1980–2005.” Working paper 14833. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w14833.Google Scholar

Ortega, Francesc, and Peri, Giovanni. 2013. “The Effect of Income and Immigration Policies on International Migration.” Migration Studies 1 (1): 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mns004.Google Scholar

Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva. 2003. “The Politics of Migrants’ Transnational Political Practices.” International Migration Review 37 (3): 760–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00157.x.Google Scholar

Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P., Peri, Giovanni, and Wright, Greg C.. 2018. “Immigration, Trade and Productivity in Services: Evidence from U.K. Firms.” Journal of International Economics 112 (May): 88–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.02.007.Google Scholar

Owen, Erica. 2019. “Foreign Direct Investment and Elections: The Impact of Greenfield FDI on Incumbent Party Reelection in Brazil.” Comparative Political Studies 52 (4): 613–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018797936.Google Scholar

Özden, Çağlar, Parsons, Christopher R., Schiff, Maurice, and Walmsley, Terrie L.. 2011. “Where on Earth Is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960–2000.” World Bank Economic Review 25 (1): 12–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr024.Google Scholar

Palloni, Alberto, , Douglas S. Massey, Miguel Ceballos, Kristin Espinosa, , and Spittel, Michael. 2001. “Social Capital and International Migration: A Test Using Information on Family Networks.” American Journal of Sociology 106 (5): 1262–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/320817.Google Scholar

Palop-García, Pau, and Pedroza, Luicy. 2019. “Passed, Regulated, or Applied? The Different Stages of Emigrant Enfranchisement in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Democratization 26 (3): 401–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1534827.Google Scholar

Pan, Ying. 2012. “The Impact of Legal Status on Immigrants’ Earnings and Human Capital: Evidence from the IRCA 1986.” Journal of Labor Research 33 (2): 119–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122–012-9134-0.Google Scholar

Pandya, Sonal. 2014. Trading Spaces: Foreign Direct Investment Regulation, 1970–2000. Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139628884.Google Scholar

Pandya, Sonal, and Leblang, David. 2017. “Risky Business: Institutions vs. Social Networks in FDI.” Economics & Politics 29 (2): 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12088.Google Scholar

Papademetriou, Demetrios G, and Sumption, Madeleine. 2011. “Rethinking Points Systems and Employer-Selected Immigration.” Technical report. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/rethinking-points-systems-and-employer-selected-immigration.Google Scholar

Papademetriou, Demetrios G, and Sumption, Madeleine. 2013. “Attracting and Selecting from the Global Talent Pool – Policy Challenges.” Report. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/GlobalTalent-Selection.pdf.Google Scholar

Parker, Christopher Sebastian. 2021. “Status Threat: Moving the Right Further to the Right?” Daedalus 150 (2): 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01846.Google Scholar

Parsons, Christopher R., and Alan Winters, L.. 2014. “International Migration, Trade and Aid: A Survey.” In International Handbook on Migration and Economic Development, edited by Lucas, Robert E.B., 65–112. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782548072.00008.Google Scholar

Parsons, Christopher, and Vézina, Pierre‐Louis. 2018. “Migrant Networks and Trade: The Vietnamese Boat People as a Natural Experiment.” The Economic Journal 128 (612): F210–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12457.Google Scholar

Pedroza, Luicy, Palop-García, Pau, and Hoffmann, Bert. 2016. Emigrant Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago, Chile: FLACSO.Google Scholar

Perea, Jose Ramon, and Stephenson, Matthew. 2017. “Outward FDI from Developing Countries.” In Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2017/2018: Foreign Investor Perspectives and Policy Implications, 101–34. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1175-3_ch4.Google Scholar

Pérez-Armendáriz, Clarisa, and Duquette-Rury, Lauren. 2021. “The 3×1 Program for Migrants and Vigilante Groups in Contemporary Mexico.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (6): 1414–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1623345.Google Scholar

Peri, Giovanni, and Yasenov, Vasil. 2019. “The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave Synthetic Control Method Meets the Mariel Boatlift.” Journal of Human Resources 54 (2): 267–309. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.54.2.0217.8561R1.Google Scholar

Peters, Margaret E. 2015a. “Trade and Migration.” Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981755.013.29.Google Scholar

Peters, Margaret E. 2015b. “Open Trade, Closed Borders Immigration in the Era of Globalization.” World Politics 67 (1): 114–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887114000331.Google Scholar

Peters, Margaret E. 2017. Trading Barriers: Immigration and the Remaking of Globalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691174471/trading-barriers.Google Scholar

Peters, Margaret E. 2019. “Immigration and International Law.” International Studies Quarterly 63 (2): 281–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqy063.Google Scholar

Peterson, Brenton D., Pandya, Sonal S., and Leblang, David. 2014. “Doctors With Borders: Occupational Licensing as an Implicit Barrier to High Skill Migration.” Public Choice 160 (1): 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127–014-0152-8.Google Scholar

Pfutze, Tobias. 2012. “Does Migration Promote Democratization? Evidence from the Mexican Transition.” Journal of Comparative Economics 40 (2): 159–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.01.004.Google Scholar

Pfutze, Tobias. 2014. “Clientelism Versus Social Learning: The Electoral Effects of International Migration.” International Studies Quarterly 58 (2): 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12072.Google Scholar

Poirine, Bernard. 1997. “A Theory of Remittances as an Implicit Family Loan Arrangement.” World Development 25 (4): 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305–750X(97)00121-6.Google Scholar

Poprawe, Marie. 2015. “On the Relationship between Corruption and Migration: Empirical Evidence from a Gravity Model of Migration.” Public Choice 163 (3): 337–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127–015-0255-x.Google Scholar

Portes, Alejandro. 1995. “Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Immigration: A Conceptual Overview.” In Economic Sociology of Immigration, The: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship, edited by Portes, Alejandro, 1–41. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610444521.Google Scholar

Portes, Alejandro, and Böröcz, Jözsef. 1989. “Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation.” International Migration Review 23 (3): 606–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300311.Google Scholar

Portes, Richard, and Rey, Hélène. 2005. “The Determinants of Cross-Border Equity Flows.” Journal of International Economics 65 (2): 269–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2004.05.002.Google Scholar

Portes, Richard, Rey, Hélène, and Oh, Yonghyup. 2001. “Information and Capital Flows: The Determinants of Transactions in Financial Assets.” European Economic Review, 15th Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, 45 (4): 783–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014–2921(01)00138-6.Google Scholar

Prinz, Vanessa. 2005. ““Imagine Migration” – The Migration Process and Its Destination Europe in the Eyes of Tanzanian Students.” Wiener Zeitschrift Für Kritische Afrikastudien 8 (5): 119–40.Google Scholar

Project Europe. 2010. “Project Europe 2030: Challenges and Opportunities.” A report to the European Council by the Reflection Group on the Future of the EU 2030. LU: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2860/9573.Google Scholar

Qian, Nancy. 2015. “Making Progress on Foreign Aid.” Annual Review of Economics 7 (1): 277–308. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115553.Google Scholar

Rapoport, Hillel, and Docquier, Frédéric. 2006. “The Economics of Migrants’ Remittances.” In Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, edited by Kolm, Serge-Christophe and Mercier Ythier, Jean, 2:1135–98. Applications. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574–0714(06)02017-3.Google Scholar

Ratha, Dilip, and Shaw, William. 2007. “South–South Migration and Remittances.” Working paper 102. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6733.Google Scholar

Rauch, James E., and Casella, Alessandra. 2003. “Overcoming Informational Barriers to International Resource Allocation: Prices and Ties.” The Economic Journal 113 (484): 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00090.Google Scholar

Rauch, James E., and Trindade, Vitor. 2002. “Ethnic Chinese Networks in International Trade.” Review of Economics and Statistics 84 (1): 116–30. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302317331955.Google Scholar

Ravenstein, Ernst G. 1885. “The Laws of Migration.” Journal of the Statistical Society of London 48 (2): 167–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181.Google Scholar

Reher, David, and Requena, Miguel. 2009. “The National Immigrant Survey of Spain: A New Data Source for Migration Studies in Europe.” Demographic Research 20: 253–78.Google Scholar

Renshon, Stanley A. 2005. The 50% American: Immigration and National Identity in an Age of Terror. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/50-american.Google Scholar

Rex, John, and Josephides, Sasha. 1987. “Asian and Greek Cypriot Associations and Identity.” In Immigrant Associations in Europe, edited by Rex, John, Joly, Danièle, and Wilpert, Czarina. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing.Google Scholar

Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew, Navarre, Rachel, and Utych, Stephen M.. 2021. “Populist Psychology: Economics, Culture, and Emotions.” The Journal of Politics Forthcoming (May): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1086/715168.Google Scholar

Riley, Dylan, and Emigh, Rebecca Jean. 2002. “Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration and Integration.” Comparative Sociology 1 (2): 169–91. https://doi.org/10.1163/156913302100418484.Google Scholar

Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. 1999. “Undocumented Workers in the Labor Market: An Analysis of the Earnings of Legal and Illegal Mexican Immigrants in the United States.” Journal of Population Economics 12 (1): 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001480050092.Google Scholar

Rogowski, Ronald. 1987. “Political Cleavages and Changing Exposure to Trade.” American Political Science Review 81 (4): 1121–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962581.Google Scholar

Root, Jay. 2016. “In Texas, Lawmakers Don’t Mess with Employers of Undocumented Workers.” The Texas Tribune, December 14, 2016. https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/14/lawmakers-go-easy-employers-undocumented-workers/.Google Scholar

Rose, Andrew K., and Spiegel, Mark M.. 2009. “International Financial Remoteness and Macroeconomic Volatility.” Journal of Development Economics, New Approaches to Financial Globalization, 89 (2): 250–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.04.005.Google Scholar

Ruhs, Martin. 2013. The Price of Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691132914/the-price-of-rights.Google Scholar

Salahuddin, Mohammad, and Gow, Jeff. 2015. “The Relationship between Economic Growth and Remittances in the Presence of Cross-Sectional Dependence.” Journal of Developing Areas 49 (1): 207–21.Google Scholar

Sangita, Seema. 2013. “The Effect of Diasporic Business Networks on International Trade Flows.” Review of International Economics 21 (2): 266–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12035.Google Scholar

Santos Silva, João M. C., and Tenreyro, Silvana. 2006. “The Log of Gravity.” Review of Economics and Statistics 88 (4): 641–58. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.4.641.Google Scholar

Sassen, Saskia. 1995. “Immigration and Local Labour Markets.” In The Economic Sociology of Immigration, edited by Portes, Alejandro. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar

Sassen, Saskia. 1996. Losing Control? Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization. Columbia University Press. http://cup.columbia.edu/book/losing-control/9780231106092.Google Scholar

Saxenian, AnnaLee. 2002. “Silicon Valley’s New Immigrant High-Growth Entrepreneurs.” Economic Development Quarterly 16 (1): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242402016001003.Google Scholar

Schewel, Kerilyn. 2015. “Understanding the Aspiration to Stay: A Case Study of Young Adults in Senegal.” Working paper 107. International Migration Institute. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b94a8a2-e80c-43f4–9338-92b641753215.Google Scholar

Schewel, Kerilyn. 2020. “Understanding Immobility: Moving Beyond the Mobility Bias in Migration Studies.” International Migration Review 54 (2): 328–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319831952.Google Scholar

Schon, Justin. 2020. Surviving the War in Syria: Survival Strategies in a Time of Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108909716.Google Scholar

Schon, Justin, and Leblang, David. 2021. “Why Physical Barriers Backfire: How Immigration Enforcement Deters Return and Increases Asylum Applications.” Comparative Political Studies, June. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140211024282.Google Scholar

Schulte, Bettina. 2008. “Second Generation Entrepreneurs of Turkish Origin in Germany: Diasporic Identity and Business Engagement.” Working paper 56. Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development (COMCAD) Arbeitspapiere. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/35349.Google Scholar

Schüttler, Kirsten. 2007. The Moroccan Diaspora in Germany: Its Contribution to Development in Morocco. Eschborn, Germany: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development.Google Scholar

Shain, Yossi. 1999a. Marketing the American Creed Abroad: Diasporas in the U.S. and Their Homelands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://services.cambridge.org/jp/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/marketing-american-creed-abroad-diasporas-us-and-their-homelands?format=HB&isbn=9780521642255.Google Scholar

Shain, Yossi. 1999b. “The Mexican-American Diaspora’s Impact on Mexico.” Political Science Quarterly 114 (4): 661–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657788.Google Scholar

Shain, Yossi. 2002. “The Role of Diasporas in Conflict Perpetuation or Resolution.” SAIS Review 22 (2): 115–44.Google Scholar

Shain, Yossi, and Barth, Aharon. 2003. “Diasporas and International Relations Theory.” International Organization 57 (3): 449–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303573015.Google Scholar

Sharpe, Michael. 2005. “Globalization and Migration: Post-Colonial Dutch Antillean and Aruban Immigrant Political Incorporation in the Netherlands.” Dialectical Anthropology 29 (3): 291–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624–005-3477-3.Google Scholar

Sheffer, Gabriel. 2003. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499432.Google Scholar

Siegel, Jordan I., Licht, Amir N., and Schwartz, Shalom H.. 2011. “Egalitarianism and International Investment.” Journal of Financial Economics 102 (3): 621–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.05.010.Google Scholar

Singer, David Andrew. 2010. “Migrant Remittances and Exchange Rate Regimes in the Developing World.” American Political Science Review 104 (2): 307–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000110.Google Scholar

Sjaastad, Larry A. 1962. “The Costs and Returns of Human Migration.” Journal of Political Economy 70 (5, Part 2): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1086/258726.Google Scholar

Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2004. A New World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691123974/a-new-world-order.Google Scholar

Smeekes, Anouk, Jetten, Jolanda, Verkuyten, Maykel, Wohl, Michael J.A., Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Ariyanto, Amarina, Autin, Frédérique, et al. 2018. “Regaining In-Group Continuity in Times of Anxiety About the Group’s Future.” Social Psychology 49 (6): 311–29. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000350.Google Scholar

Smith, Adam. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited by Edwin Cannan. UK ed. edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Sobotka, Eva. 2003. “Romani Migration in the 1990s: Perspectives on Dynamic, Interpretation and Policy.” Romani Studies 5 (13): 79–121. https://doi.org/10.3828/rs.2003.4.Google Scholar

Somin, Ilya. 2020. Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/free-to-move-9780190054588?cc=us&lang=en&.Google Scholar

Spiro, Peter J. 2002. “Embracing Dual Citizenship.” In Dual Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the U.S. and Europe: The Reinvention of Citizenship, edited by Hansen, Randall and Weil, Patrick. Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar

Spolaore, Enrico, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2009. “The Diffusion of Development.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (2): 469–529. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.469.Google Scholar

Spolaore, Enrico, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2018. “Ancestry and Development: New Evidence.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 33 (5): 748–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.2633.Google Scholar

Stark, Oded. 1984. “Migration Decision Making: A Review Article.” Journal of Development Economics 14: 251–59.Google Scholar

Stark, Oded. 1995. Altruism and Beyond: An Economic Analysis of Transfers and Exchanges within Families and Groups. Oscar Morgenstern Memorial Lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511493607.Google Scholar

Stark, Oded, and Levhari, David. 1982. “On Migration and Risk in LDCs.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 31 (1): 191–96. https://doi.org/10.1086/451312.Google Scholar

Strøm, Kaare. 2000. “Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 37 (3): 261–90. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007064803327.Google Scholar

Sulemana, Iddisah, Iddrisu, Abdul Malik, and Kyoore, Jude E.. 2017. “A Micro-Level Study of the Relationship Between Experienced Corruption and Subjective Wellbeing in Africa.” Journal of Development Studies 53 (1): 138–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1187721.Google Scholar

Surak, Kristin. 2015. “Guestworker Regimes Globally: A Historical Comparison.” In Handbook of the International Political Economy of Migration, edited by Simona Talani, Leila and McMahon, Simon. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782549901.00015.Google Scholar

Tavits, Margit. 2008. “Representation, Corruption, and Subjective Well-Being.” Comparative Political Studies 41 (12): 1607–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414007308537.Google Scholar

Taylor, Edward J. 1999. “The New Economics of Labour Migration and the Role of Remittances in the Migration Process.” International Migration 37 (1): 63–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00066.Google Scholar

Taylor, J. Edward, Mora, Jorge, Adams, Richard, and López-Feldman, Alejandro. 2008. “Remittances, Inequality and Poverty: Evidence from Rural Mexico.” In Migration and Development Within and Across Borders: Research and Policy Perspectives on Internal and International Migration, edited by DeWind, Josh and Holdaway, Jennifer. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration.Google Scholar

Tesar, Linda L., and Werner, Ingrid M.. 1995. “Home Bias and High Turnover.” Journal of International Money and Finance 14 (4): 467–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(95)00023-8.Google Scholar

Tjaden, Jasper, Auer, Daniel, and Laczko, Frank. 2019. “Linking Migration Intentions with Flows: Evidence and Potential Use.” International Migration 57 (1): 36–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12502.Google Scholar

Tobin, Jennifer L., Leblang, David, and Schneider, Christina. 2021. “Framing Unpopular Foreign Policies.” American Journal of Political Science Forthcoming.Google Scholar

Todaro, Michael P. 1976. “Migration and Economic Development: A Review of Theory, Evidence, Methodology and Research Priorities.” Occasional paper 18. Nairobi: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/791.Google Scholar

Totten, Robbie J. 2017. “Statecraft and Migration: A Research Note on American Strategies to Use Immigration in Foreign Policy from the Founding Era through the Early Twenty-First Century.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 28 (2): 344–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2017.1309896.Google Scholar

United Nations. 2019a. “United Nations Population Division – International Migration Flows to and from Selected Countries.” 2019. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/empirical2/migrationflows.asp.Google Scholar

United Nations. 2019b. “World Population Policies.” 2019. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/data/world-population-policies.Google Scholar

Uzzi, Brian. 1996. “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect.” American Sociological Review 61 (4): 674–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096399.Google Scholar

Van Hear, Nicholas, Brubaker, Rebecca, and Bessa, Thais. 2009. “Managing Mobility for Human Development: The Growing Salience of Mixed Migration.” Human Development Research Paper Vol. 20, No. 2009. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19202/.Google Scholar

Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and Brady, Henry E.. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674942936.Google Scholar

Vink, Maarten, Schakel, Arjan H., Reichel, David, Luk, Ngo Chun, and de Groot, Gerard-René. 2019. “The International Diffusion of Expatriate Dual Citizenship.” Migration Studies 7 (3): 362–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz011.Google Scholar

Vink, Maarten, Prokic-Breuer, Tijana, and Dronkers, Jaap. 2013. “Immigrant Naturalization in the Context of Institutional Diversity: Policy Matters, but to Whom?” International Migration 51 (5): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12106.Google Scholar

Wahba, Jackline. 2014. “Return Migration and Economic Development.” In International Handbook on Migration and Economic Development, edited by Lucas, Robert E.B., 327–49. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782548072.00016.Google Scholar

Wang, Hongying. 2000. “Informal Institutions and Foreign Investment in China.” Pacific Review 13 (4): 525–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740010004269.Google Scholar

Warren, Mark E. 2011. “Voting with Your Feet: Exit-Based Empowerment in Democratic Theory.” American Political Science Review 105 (4): 683–701. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000323.Google Scholar

Weesie, Jeroen. 2000. “Seemingly Unrelated Estimation and the Cluster-Adjusted Sandwich Estimator.” Stata Technical Bulletin. StataCorp LP. https://ideas.repec.org/a/tsj/stbull/y2000v9i52sg121.html.Google Scholar

Wei, Shang-Jin. 2000. “How Taxing Is Corruption on International Investors?” Review of Economics and Statistics 82 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558533.Google Scholar

Weidenbaum, Murray, and Hughes, Samuel. 1996. Bamboo Network: How Expatriate Chinese Entrepreneurs Are Creating a New Economic Superpower in Asia. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Weiner, Myron, and Münz, Rainer. 1997. “Migrants, Refugees and Foreign Policy: Prevention and Intervention Strategies.” Third World Quarterly 18 (1): 25–51.Google Scholar

Weitz-Shapiro, Rebecca, and Winters, Matthew S.. 2017. “Can Citizens Discern? Information Credibility, Political Sophistication, and the Punishment of Corruption in Brazil.” Journal of Politics 79 (1): 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1086/687287.Google Scholar

Wellman, Elizabeth Iams. 2021. “Emigrant Inclusion in Home Country Elections: Theory and Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.” American Political Science Review 115 (1): 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000866.Google Scholar

White House. 1993. “Remarks by President Clinton, President Bush, President Bush, President Carter, President Ford, and Vice President Gore in Signing of NAFTA Side Agreements.” September 14, 1993. https://clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov/1993/09/1993-09-14-remarks-by-clinton-and-former-presidents-on-nafta.html.Google Scholar

White House. 2021. “Executive Order on Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework to Address the Causes of Migration, to Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and to Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border.” The White House. February 2, 2021. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/02/executive-order-creating-a-comprehensive-regional-framework-to-address-the-causes-of-migration-to-manage-migration-throughout-north-and-central-america-and-to-provide-safe-and-orderly-processing/.Google Scholar

White, Roger, and Tadesse, Bedassa. 2008. “Cultural Distance and the US Immigrant–Trade Link.” The World Economy 31 (8): 1078–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01115.x.Google Scholar

Wilpert, Czarina. 1989. “Work and the Second Generation: The Descendents of Migrant Workers in the Federal Republic of Germany.” In Entering the Working World, edited by Wilpert, Czarina. Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing.Google Scholar

World Bank. 2017. “Migration and Remittances Data.” Text/HTML. World Bank. 2017. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/brief/migration-remittances-data.Google Scholar

World Bank Group. 2016. Migration and Remittances Factbook. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23743.Google Scholar

Yang, Dean. 2008. “International Migration, Remittances and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants’ Exchange Rate Shocks.” The Economic Journal 118 (528): 591–630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02134.x.Google Scholar

Yang, Dean. 2011. “Migrant Remittances.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25 (3): 129–52. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.129.Google Scholar

Yang, Dean, and Martínez, Claudia A.. 2006. “Remittances and Poverty in Migrants’ Home Areas: Evidence from the Philippines.” In International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain, edited by Schiff, Maurice and Özden, Çaglar. Washington, D C: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6929.Google Scholar