Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T21:17:55.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 5 - Non-neurodegenerative Disorders of Olfaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2018

Christopher H. Hawkes  and
Richard L. Doty
Christopher H. Hawkes
Affiliation:
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Surgery
Richard L. Doty
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Smell and Taste Disorders , pp. 182 - 247
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdel-Dayem, H.M., Abu-Judeh, H., Kumar, M., et al. 1998. SPECT brain perfusion abnormalities in mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Clinical Nuclear Medicine 23, 309–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abraham, A., Mathai, K.V., 1983. The effect of right temporal lobe lesions on matching of smells. Neuropsychologia 21, 277–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acharya, V., Acharya, J., Luders, H., 1998. Olfactory epileptic auras. Neurology 51, 56–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, R.G., Crabtree, N., 1961. Anosmia in alkaline battery workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 18, 216–221.Google ScholarPubMed
Ahlstrom, R., Berglund, B., Berglund, U., Lindvall, T., Wennberg, A., 1986. Impaired odor perception in tank cleaners. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 12, 574–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alobid, I., Guilemany, J.M., Mullol, J., 2004. Nasal manifestations of systemic illnesses. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 4, 208–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, T.H., Davidson, T.M., 2006. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 116, 217–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altman, K.W., Desai, S.C., Moline, J., et al. 2011. Odor identification ability and self-reported upper respiratory symptoms in workers at the post-9/11 World Trade Center site. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 84 131–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amoore, J.E., 1986. Effects of chemical exposure on olfaction in humans. In Barrow, C.S. (ed.), Toxicology of the Nasal Passages. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, pp. 155–190.Google Scholar
Amsterdam, J.D., Settle, R.G., Doty, R.L., Abelman, E., Winokur, A., 1987. Taste and smell perception in depression. Biological Psychiatry 22, 1481–1485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N.E., Sheffield, S., Hope, J.K., 1999. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: A late complication of cerebellar tumors. Neurology 52, 163–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ansari, K.A., 1976. Olfaction in multiple sclerosis. With a note on the discrepancy between optic and olfactory involvement. European Neurology 14, 138–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antunes, M.B., Bowler, R., Doty, R.L., 2007. San-Francisco/Oakland Bay Bridge welder study: Olfactory function. Neurology 69, 1278–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnold, S.E., Han, L.Y., Moberg, P.J., et al. (2001). Dysregulation of olfactory receptor neuron lineage in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 829–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aschenbrenner, K., Scholze, N., Joraschky, P., Hummel, T. (2008). Gustatory and olfactory sensitivity in patients with anorexia and bulimia in the course of treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Research 43, 129–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baier, P.C., Weinhold, S.L., Huth, V., Gottwald, B., Ferstl, R., Hinze-Selch, D., 2008. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy is restored by intranasal Orexin A (Hypocretin-1). Brain 131, 2734–2741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bajaj, S., Ammini, A. C., Marwaha, R., et al. 1993. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Clinical Radiology 48, 122–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bang, F.B., Bang, B.G., Foard, M.A., 1966. Responses of upper respiratory mucosa to drugs and viral infections 1, 2. American Review of Respiratory Disease 93, 142–149.Google Scholar
Bartha, L., Baumzweiger, W., Buscher, D.S., et al. 1999. Multiple chemical sensitivity: A 1999 consensus. Archives of Environmental Health 54, 147–149.Google Scholar
Baskin, D.G., Figlewicz, D.P., Woods, S.C., Porte, D. Jr, Dorsa, D.M., 1987. Insulin in the brain. Annual Review of Psychology 49, 335–347.Google ScholarPubMed
Bauer, L.O., Mott, A.E., 1996. Differential effects of cocaine, alcohol, and nicotine dependence on olfactory evoked potentials. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 42(1), 21–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayard, S., Plazzi, G., Poli, F., et al. 2010. Olfactory dysfunction in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep Medicine 11, 876–881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beard, M.D. Mackay-Sim, A., 1987. Loss of sense of smell in adult, hypothyroid mice. Brain Research 433, 181–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Begum, M. McKenna, P.J., 2010. Olfactory reference syndrome: A systematic review of the world literature. Psychological Medicine Volume 41, Issue 3 March 2011, pp. 453–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belvindrah, R., Lazarini, F., Lledo, P.M., 2009. Postnatal neurogenesis: From neuroblast migration to neuronal integration. Reviews in the Neurosciences 20, 331–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bershad, E.M., Urfy, M.Z., Calvillo, E., et al. (2014). Marked olfactory impairment in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry 85(9), 959–964.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Betts, T. (2003). Use of aromatherapy (with or without hypnosis) in the treatment of intractable epilepsyGÇöa two-year follow-up study. Seizure 12, 534–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bischoff, A.N., Reiersen, A.M., Buttlaire, A., et al. (2015). Selective cognitive and psychiatric manifestations in Wolfram Syndrome. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 10(1), 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, E.R. Jr 1980. An olfactory reference syndrome – monosymptomatic hypochondriasis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1980 February; 41, 57–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Blacque, O., Leroux, M., 2006. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: an emerging pathomechanism of intracellular transport. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 63(18), 2145–2161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloomfeld, R.S., Graham, B.G., Schiffman, S.S., Killenberg, P.G., 1999. Alterations of chemosensory function in end-stage liver disease. Physiology & behavior, 66, 203–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolla, K.I., Schwartz, B.S., Stewart, W., et al. 1995. Comparison of neurobehavioral function in workers exposed to a mixture of organic and inorganic lead and in workers exposed to solvents. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 27, 231–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bramerson, A., Nyman, J., Nordin, S., Bende, M. 2013. Olfactory loss after head and neck cancer radiation therapy. Rhinology 51 206–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, J.J., Noblet, V., Durand, M., et al. 2014. Olfaction evaluation and correlation with brain atrophy in Bardet‐Biedl syndrome. Clinical Genetics 86(6), 521–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewer, W.J., Edwards, J., Anderson, V., Robinson, T., Pantelis, C., 1996. Neuropsychological, olfactory, and hygiene deficits in men with negative symptom schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 40, 1021–1031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewer, W.J., Pantelis, C., Anderson, V., et al. 2001. Stability of olfactory identification deficits in neuroleptic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 158, 107–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewer, W.J., Wood, S.J., McGorry, P.D., et al. (2003). Impairment of olfactory identification ability in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis who later develop schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 1790–1794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brinckman, D.D., Keppler-Noreuil, K.M., Blumhorst, C., et al. 2013. Cognitive, sensory, and psychosocial characteristics in patients with Bardet–Biedl syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 161(12), 2964–2971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brion, M., de Timary, P., Vanderstappen, C., et al. 2015. Chemosensory dysfunction in alcohol-related disorders: A joint exploration of olfaction and taste. Chemical Senses 40(9), 605–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, D., Serby, M., Etienne, N., Kalkstein, D.S., 1991. Olfactory identification deficits in HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry 148, 248–250.Google ScholarPubMed
Brosvic, G.M., Doty, R.L., Rowe, M.M., Harron, A., Kolodiy, N., 1992. Influences of hypothyroidism on the taste detection performance of rats: A signal detection analysis. Behavioral Neuroscience 106, 992–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brosvic, G.M., Risser, J.M., Doty, R.L., 1989. No influence of adrenalectomy on measures of taste sensitivity in the rat. Physiology & Behavior 46, 699–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brosvic, G.M., Risser, J.M., Mackay-Sim, A., Doty, R.L., 1996. Odor detection performance in hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. Physiology & Behavior 59, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, A.S., Borgmann-Winter, K., Hahn, C.G., et al. 2014. Increased stability of microtubules in cultured olfactory neuroepithelial cells from individuals with schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 48, 252–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brownstein, D.G., 1987. Resistance/susceptibility to lethal Sendai virus infection genetically linked to a mucociliary transport polymorphism. Journal of Virology, 61, 1670–1671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchanan, T.W., Tranel, D., Adolphs, R., 2003. A specific role for the human amygdala in olfactory memory. Learning & Memory 10, 319–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burch, R.E., Sackin, D.A., Ursick, J.A., Jetton, M.M., Sullivan, J.F., 1978. Decreased taste and smell acuity in cirrhosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 138, 743–746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burdach, K.J., Doty, R.L., 1987. The effects of mouth movements, swallowing, and spitting on retronasal odor perception. Physiology & Behavior 41, 353–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cain, D.P., 1975. Effects of insulin injection on responses of olfactory bulb and amygdala single units to odors. Brain Research 99, 69–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calderon-Garciduenas, L., 2015. Influence of Toxins on Olfactory Function and their Potential Association with Neurodegenerative Disease, Wiley Online Library, pp. 485–510.Google Scholar
Calderon-Garciduenas, L., Franco-Lira, M., Henriquez-Roldan, C., et al. 2010. Urban air pollution: Influences on olfactory function and pathology in exposed children and young adults. Experimental and Toxicological Pathology 62, 91–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calderon-Garciduenas, L., Kavanaugh, M., Block, M., et al. 2012. Neuroinflammation, hyperphosphorylated tau, diffuse amyloid plaques, and down-regulation of the cellular prion protein in air pollution exposed children and young adults. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 28, 93–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callahan, C.D., Hinkebein, J. 1999. Neuropsychological significance of anosmia following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 14, 581–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, E.L., 2007. Measures of human olfactory perception during pregnancy. Chemical Senses 32, 775–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, E.L., 2014. Pregnancy and olfaction: A review. Frontiers in Psychology 5, 67. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00067.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carmichael, K.A., Jennings, A.S., Doty, R.L., 1984. Reversible anosmia after pituitary irradiation. Annals of Internal Medicine 100, 532–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, V.M., Robinson, A.M., Kern, R.C., 2012. Tissue-specific effects of allergic rhinitis in mouse nasal epithelia. Chemical Senses 37, 655–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B., Richardson, J.T., Thompson, P., 1993. Olfactory information processing and temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain and Cognition 22, 230–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chabolla, D.R., 2002. Characteristics of the epilepsies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 77(9), 981–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chazal, G., Durbec, P., Jankovski, A., Rougon, G., Cremer, H. (2000). Consequences of neural cell adhesion molecule deficiency on cell migration in the rostral migratory stream of the mouse. The Journal of neuroscience, 20, 1446–1457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, C., Shih, Y., Yen, D., et al. (2003). Olfactory auras in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 44, 257–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, S., Tan, H.Y., Wu, Z.H., et al. (2014). Imaging of olfactory bulb and gray matter volumes in brain areas associated with olfactory function in patients with Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Eur.J.Radiol., 83, 564–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, S.F., Chen, M.L., Hung, P.C., Chen, C.J., Mao, I.F. (2004). Olfactory loss in poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) plastic injection-moulding workers. Occup.Med.(Lond), 54, 469–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chitanondh, H. (1966). Stereotaxic amygdalotomy in the treatment of olfactory seizures and psychiatric disorders with olfactory hallucination. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 27, 181–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coleman, E.R., Grosberg, B.M., Robbins, M.S. (2011). Olfactory hallucinations in primary headache disorders: Case series and literature review. Cephalalgia, 31(14), 1477–1489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compton, M.T., Mack, L.M., Esterberg, M.L., et al. (2006). Associations between olfactory identification and verbal memory in patients with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives, and non-psychiatric controls. Schizophrenia research, 86, 154–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conn, F.W., Mast, T.E. (1973). Adrenal insufficiency and electrophysiological measures of auditory sensitivity. Amer J Physiol, 225, 1430–1436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conrad, P., Corwin, J., Katz, L., et al. (1987). Olfaction and hemodialysis: baseline and acute treatment decrements. Nephron, 47, 115–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constantinescu, C.S., Raps, E.C., Cohen, J.A., West, S.E., Doty, R.L. (1994). Olfactory disturbances as the initial or most prominent symptom of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry 57, 1011–1012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corcoran, C., Whitaker, A., Coleman, E., et al. (2005). Olfactory deficits, cognition and negative symptoms in early onset psychosis. Schizophr Res, 80, 283–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corletto, E., Dal Zotto, L., Resos, A., et al. (2008). Osmophobia in juvenile primary headaches. Cephalalgia, 28, 825–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Correa, M., Laing, D.G., Hutchinson, I., et al. (2015). Reduced taste function and taste papillae density in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr.Nephrol. 30, 2003–2010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Correia, S., Faust, D., Doty, R.L. (2001). A re-examination of the rate of vocational dysfunction among patients with anosmia and mild to moderate closed head injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,16, 477–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corwin, J. (1989). Olfactory identification in hemodialysis: acute and chronic effects on discrimination and response bias. Neuropsychologia, 27, 513–522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costanzo, M.R., DiNardo, J., Zasler, M.D. (1995). Head injury and olfaction. In: Doty, R.L. ed., Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 629–638.Google Scholar
Croy, I., Symmank, A., Schellong, J., et al. 2014. Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans. J.Affect.Disord. 160, 80–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cullen, M.R. (1987). Workers with multiple chemical hypersensitivities. State of the Art Reviews of Occupational Medicine, 2, 655–806.Google Scholar
Dalton, P., Cowart, B., Dilks, D., et al. (2003). Olfactory function in workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced-plastics industry. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 44, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalton, P., Lees, P.S., Gould, M., et al. (2007). Evaluation of long-term occupational exposure to styrene vapor on olfactory function. Chemical Senses 32, 739–747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalton, P.H., Opiekun, R.E., Gould, M., et al. (2010). Chemosensory Loss: Functional Consequences of the World Trade Center Disaster. Environ.Health Perspect. 118L, 1251–2156,CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, C., Gottwald, B., Pause, B.M., et al. (2001). Olfactory event-related potentials in patients with brain tumors. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 1523–1530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D’Cruze, H., Arroll, B., Kenealy, T. (2009) Is intranasal zinc effective and safe for the common cold? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Primary Health Care, 1(2): 134–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deems, D.A., Doty, R.L., Settle, R.G., et al. (1991). Smell and taste disorders, a study of 750 patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 117 519–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deems, R.O., Friedman, M.I., Friedman, L.S., Munoz, S.J., Maddrey, W.C. (1993). Chemosensory function, food preferences and appetite in human liver disease. Appetite, 20, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delank, K.W., Fechner, G. (1996). [Pathophysiology of post-traumatic anosmia]. Laryngo-rhino-otologie, 75, 154–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLuca, G.C., Joseph, A., George, J., et al. (2014). Olfactory pathology in central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Brain Pathol. 25, 543–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demarquay, G., Royet, J.P., Mick, G., Ryvlin, P. (2008). Olfactory hypersensitivity in migraineurs: A H(2)(15)O-PET study. Cephalalgia, 28, 1069–1080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devanand, DP, Lee, S, Manly, J, et al. Olfactory identification deficits and increased mortality in the community. Annals of Neurology 2015; 78(3): 401–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dominguez, R.A. & Puig, A. (1997). Olfactory reference syndrome responds to clomipramine but not fluoxetine: a case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Nov; 58, 497–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doty, R.L. (1995). The Smell Identification Test™ Administration Manual – 3rd edition. Haddon Hts., NJ: Sensonics, Inc.Google Scholar
Doty, R.L. (2014). Neurotoxic exposure and impairment of the chemical senses of taste and smell. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 131, 299–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doty, R.L. (2015). Clinical disorders of olfaction. In: Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. 3rd edition. Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley & Sons, pp. 375–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doty, R.L. (2017). Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: Is there a common pathological substrate? Lancet Neurology, 16, 478–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doty, R.L., Bromley, S.M. (2004). Effects of drugs on olfaction and taste. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 37(6), 1229–1254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Cameron, E.L. (2009). Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception. Physiology & Behavior 97, 213–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Deems, D.A., Frye, R.E., Pelberg, R., Shapiro, A. (1988). Olfactory sensitivity, nasal resistance, and autonomic function in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, 114, 1422–1427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Haxel, B.R. (2005). Objective Assessment of Terbinafine‐Induced Taste Loss. The Laryngoscope, 115(11), 2035–2037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Li, C., Mannon, L.J., Yousem, D.M. (1998). Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Relation to plaque load in inferior frontal and temporal lobes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 855, 781–786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Li, C., Mannon, L.J., Yousem, D.M. (1999). Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: relation to longitudinal changes in plaque numbers in central olfactory structures. Neurology, 53, 880–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Risser, J.M., Brosvic, G.M. (1991). Influence of adrenalectomy on the odor detection performance of rats. Physiology & Behavior 49, 1273–1277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Shah, M., Bromley, S.M. (2008). Drug-induced taste disorders. Drug Safety, 31(3), 199–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Shaman, P., Applebaum, S.L., et al. (1984). Smell identification ability: changes with age. Science, 226, 1441–1443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Tourbier, I.A., Silas, J., et al. (2017). Influences of temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe resection on olfactory function. Submitted.Google Scholar
Doty, R.L., Berman, A.H., Izhar, M., et al. (2014). Influenza vaccinations and chemosensory function. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 28, 50–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Fernandez, A.D., Levine, M.A., Moses, A., McKeown, D.A. (1997). Olfactory Dysfunction in Type I Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Dissociation from Gs+¦ Protein Deficiency 1. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 82, 247–250.Google Scholar
Doty, R.L., Frye, R. (1989). Influence of nasal obstruction on smell function. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 22, 397–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Shaman, P., Dann, M. (1984). Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiology & Behavior (Monograph) 32, 489–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doty, R.L., Snyder, P.J., Huggins, G.R., Lowry, L.D. (1981). Endocrine, cardiovascular, and psychological correlates of olfactory sensitivity changes during the human menstrual cycle. Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 95, 45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Tourbier, I., Ng, V., et al. (2015). Influences of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory and cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Neurobiology of aging, 36, 2053–2059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doty, R.L., Yousem, D.M., Pham, L.T., et al. (1997). Olfactory dysfunction in patients with head trauma. Archives of Neurology, 54, 1131–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebert, U., Loscher, W. (2000). Strong olfactory stimulation reduces seizure susceptibility in amygdala-kindled rats. Neuroscience Letters, 287, 199–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, H., Webb, T., Warren, D., Jung, A. (2012). Teaching NeuroImages: MRI changes in superficial siderosis. Neurology, 78, e116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elsberg, C.A. (1935a). The sense of smell. XII. The localization of tumors of the frontal lobe of the brain by quantitative olfactory tests. Bull. Neurol. Inst. N.Y., 4, 535–543.Google Scholar
Elsberg, C.A. (1935b). The sense of smell XI, the value of quantitative olfactory tests for the localization of supratentorial tumors of the brain: a preliminary report. Bull Neurol Inst NY, 4, 511–522.Google Scholar
Eskenazi, B., Cain, W.S., Novelly, R.A., Friend, K.B. (1983). Olfactory functioning in temporal lobectomy patients. Neuropsychologia., 1983; 21, 365–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eskenazi, B., Cain, W.S., Novelly, R.A., Mattson, R. (1986). Odor perception in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with and without temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychologia, 24, 553–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadool, D.A., Tucker, K., Perkins, R., et al. (2004). Kv1. 3 channel gene-targeted deletion produces G Super-Smeller MiceGÇØ with altered glomeruli, interacting scaffolding proteins, and biophysics. Neuron, 41, 389–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feron, F., Perry, C., Hirning, M.H., McGrath, J., & Mackay-Sim, A. (1999). Altered adhesion, proliferation and death in neural cultures from adults with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 40, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fearnley, J.M., Stevens, J.M., Rudge, P. (1995). Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. Brain, 118, 1051–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fedoroff, I.C., Stoner, S.A., Andersen, A.E., Doty, R.L., Rolls, B.J. (1995). Olfactory dysfunction in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 71–77.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiser, D.J., Borotski, L. (1978). [Anosmia after administration of influenza vaccine]. Medicinski pregled, 32, 455–457.Google Scholar
Fish, D. R., Gloor, P., Quesney, F. L., Oliver, A. (1993). Clinical responses to electrical brain stimulation of the temporal and frontal lobes in patients with epilepsy. Brain, 116, 397–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frasnelli, J.A., Temmel, A.F., Quint, C., Oberbauer, R., Hummel, T. (2002). Olfactory function in chronic renal failure. American Journal of Rhinology., 16, 275–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friberg, L. (1950). Health hazards in the manufacture of akaline accumulators with special reference to chronic cadmium poisoning. Acta Med Scand, 138, 1–124.Google Scholar
Frye, R.E., Doty, R.L. (1992). The influence of ultradian autonomic rhythms, as indexed by the nasal cycle, on unilateral olfactory thresholds. In Doty, R.L., and Muller-Schwarze, D. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates VI. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 595–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, G.N., Guiloff, R.J. (1987). Migrainous olfactory hallucinations. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 50, 1688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furstenberg, A.C., Crosby, E., Farrior, B. (1943). Neurologic lesions which influence the sense of smell. Archives of Otolaryngology, 48 529–530.Google Scholar
Furuta, S., Nishimoto, K., Egawa, M., Ohyama, M., Moriyama, H. (1994). Olfactory dysfunction in patients with Minamata disease. American Journal of Rhinology 8, 259–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gambelli, S., Ginanneschi, F., Malandrini, A., et al. (2004). Antibodies to dorsal root ganglia and olfactory cells in a patient with chronic sensory neuropathy and anosmia. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 221, 105–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett-Laster, M., Russell, R.M., Jacques, P.F. (1984). Impairment of taste and olfaction in patients with cirrhosis: The role of vitamin A. Human Nutrition. Clinical Nutrition, 38, 203–214.Google ScholarPubMed
Gascon, C., Santaolalla, F., Martinez, A., Sanchez Del, R.A. (2013). Usefulness of the BAST-24 smell and taste test in the study of diabetic patients: a new approach to the determination of renal function. Acta Otolaryngologica 133, 400–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibberd, F., Feher, M., Sidey, M., Wierzbicki, A. (2004). Smell testing: An additional tool for identification of adult Refsum’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 75(9), 1334–1336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, A.N. (1989). Reciprocity versus rhythmicity in spontaneous alternations of nasal airflow. Chronobiology international, 6, 251–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giuseffi, V., Wall, M., Siegel, P.Z., Rojas, P.B. (1991). Symptoms and Disease Associations in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) – A Case-Control Study. Neurology, 41, 239–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goektas, O., Schmidt, F., Bohner, G., et al. (2011). Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function in patients with multiple sclerosis. Rhinology, 49, 221–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Good, K. P., Tibbo, P., Milliken, H., et al. (2010). An investigation of a possible relationship between olfactory identification deficits at first episode and four-year outcomes in patients with psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 124, 60–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Good, K.P., Tourbier, I.A., Moberg, P., et al. (2017). Unilateral olfactory sensitivity in multiple sclerosis. Physiology & Behavior, 168, 24–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopinath, B, Anstey, KJ, Kifley, A, Mitchell, P. (2012). Olfactory impairment is associated with functional disability and reduced independence among older adults. Maturitas., 72: 50–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, A.S., Moran, D.T., Jafek, B.W. Eller, P.M., Strahan, R.C. (1990). The effect of chronic cocaine abuse on human olfaction. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 116(12), 1415–1418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gouveri, E., Katotomichelakis, M., Gouveris, H., et al. (2014). Olfactory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an additional manifestation of microvascular disease? Angiology, 65, 869–876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, C.S., Graham, B.G., Bartlett, J.A., Heald, A.E., Schiffman, S.S. (1995). Taste and smell losses in HIV infected patients. Physiology & Behavior 58, 287–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grashow, R., Sparrow, D., Hu, H., Weisskopf, M.G. (2015). Cumulative lead exposure is associated with reduced olfactory recognition performance in elderly men: The Normative Aging Study. Neurotoxicology, 49, 158–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grapsa, E., Samouilidou, E., Pandelias, K., et al. (2010). Correlation of depressive symptoms and olfactory dysfunction in patients on hemodialysis. Hippokratia., 14, 189–192.Google ScholarPubMed
Gregson, R.A., Free, M.L., Abbott, M.W. (1981). Olfaction in Korsakoffs, alcoholics and normals. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 3–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griep, M.I., Van, d. N., Sennesael, J.J., Mets, T.F., et al. (1997). Odour perception in chronic renal disease. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 12, 2093–2098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross-Isseroff, R., Luca-Haimovici, K., Sasson, Y., et al. 1994. Olfactory sensitivity in major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 35, 798–802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gudziol, V., Pietsch, J., Witt, M., Hummel, T. (2010). Theophylline induces changes in the electro-olfactogram of the mouse. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 267, 239–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guthoff, M., Tschritter, O., Berg, D., et al. (2009). Effect of genetic variation in Kv1. 3 on olfactory function. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 25, 523–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halgren, E. (1981). Mental phenomena induced by stimulation in the limbic system. Human neurobiology, 1, 251–260.Google Scholar
Hamilos, D.L. (2000). Chronic sinusitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 106, 213–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardy, C., Rosedale, M., Messinger, J.W., et al. (2012). Olfactory acuity is associated with mood and function in a pilot study of stable bipolar disorder patients. Bipolar. Disord., 14, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, C.K., Theodosopoulos, P.V., Zimmer, L.A. (2010). Olfactory changes after endoscopic pituitary tumor resection. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 142, 95–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawkes, C.H., Shephard, B.C., Kobal, G. (1997). Assessment of olfaction in multiple sclerosis: evidence of dysfunction by olfactory evoked response and identification tests. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry 63, 145–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinrichs, L. (2002). Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 186, S215–S219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henkin, R.I. (1967). Abnormalities of taste and olfaction in patients with chromatin negative gonadal dysgenesis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 27, 1436–1440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henkin, R.I., Bartter, F.C. (1966). Studies on olfactory thresholds in normal man and in patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency: the role of adrenal cortical steroids and of serum sodium concentration. J.Clin.Invest, 45, 1631–1639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henkin, R.I., Talal, N., Larson, A.L., Mattern, C.F.T. (1972). Abnormalities of taste and smell in Sjogren’s syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine, 76, 375–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henkin, R., Smith, F.R. (1971). Hyposmia in acute viral hepatitis. The Lancet, 297, 823–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González-Botas, H., Seara, Padin (2012). Nasal gel and olfactory cleft. Acta Otorrinolaringol. Esp. 63: 370–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J.M., Lesniak, M.A., Pert, C.B., Roth, J. (1986). Autoradiographic Localization of Insulin-Receptors in Rat-Brain – Prominence in Olfactory and Limbic Areas. Neurosci, 17, 1127–1138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirsch, A.R. (1992). Olfaction in migraineurs. Headache, 32, 233–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hisamitsu, M., Okamoto, Y., Chazono, H., et al. (2011). The influence of environmental exposure to formaldehyde in nasal mucosa of medical students during cadaver dissection. Allergol.Int., 60, 373–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, W.K., Kwong, D.L., Wei, W.I., Sham, J.S. (2002). Change in olfaction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancerGÇöa prospective study. American journal of otolaryngology, 23, 209–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, H.J., Ishii, E.K., Macturk, R.H. (1998). AgeGÇÉRelated Changes in the Prevalence of Smell/Taste Problems among the United States Adult Population: Results of the 1994 Disability Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 855, 716–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holinski, F., Schmidt, F., Dahlslett, S.B., et al. (2014). MRI Study: Objective olfactory function and CNS pathologies in patients with multiple sclerosis. European Neurology, 72(3–4), 157–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holscher, T., Seibt, A., Appold, S., et al. (2005). Effects of radiotherapy on olfactory function. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 77, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hornung, D.E., Kurtz, D.B., Bradshaw, C.B., et al. (1998). The olfactory loss that accompanies an HIV infection. Physiology & Behavior 64, 549–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hua, M.S., Chen, S.T., Tang, L.M., Leung, W.M. (1999). Olfactory function in patients with nasopharygeal carcinoma following radiotherapy. Brain Injury, 13, 905–915.Google Scholar
Hudry, J., Perrin, F., Ryvlin, P., Mauguiere, F., Royet, J.P. (2003). Olfactory short-term memory and related amygdala recordings in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain., 126, 1851–1863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudson, R., Arriola, A., Martinez-Gomez, M., Distel, H. (2006). Effect of air pollution on olfactory function in residents of Mexico City. Chemical Senses, 31, 79–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, L.F., McAsey, M.E., Donathan, C.L., et al. (2002). Effects of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory sensitivity: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Climacteric., 5, 140–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hummel, T., Roscher, S., Jaumann, M.P., Kobal, G. (1996). Intranasal chemoreception in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities: a double-blind investigation. Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology, 24, S79–S86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, J.H., and Beever, C.E. (1890). Case of tumor of the right temporo-sphenoidal lobe bearing on the localization of the sense of smell. Brain, 12, 346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jafek, B.W., Gordon, A.S., Moran, D.T., Eller, P.M. (1990). Congenital anosmia. ENT J, 69, 331–337.Google ScholarPubMed
Jafek, B.W., Eller, P.M., Esses, B.A., Moran, D.T. (1989). Post-traumatic anosmia: Ultrastructural correlates. Archives of Neurology, 46, 300–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jafek, B.W., Linschoten, M.R., Murrow, B.W. (2004). Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. American journal of rhinology, 18(3), 137–141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaseja, H. (2008). Scientific basis behind traditional practice of application of “shoe-smell” in controlling epileptic seizures in the eastern countries. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 110, 535–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, V.E., Stewart, W., Smith, D.H. (2013). Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury. Experimental neurology, 246, 35–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, M., Zakharov, A., Papaiconomou, C., Salmasi, G., Armstrong, D. (2004). Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res, 1, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B.P., Butters, N., Moskowitz, H.R., Montgomery, K. (1978). Olfactory and gustatory capacities of alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia., 16, 323–337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B.P., Moskowitz, H.R., Butters, N., Glosser, G. (1975). Psychophysical scaling of olfactory, visual, and auditory stimuli by alchoholic Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia, 13, 387–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B.P., Moskowitz, H.R., Butters, N. (1975). Olfactory discrimination in alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia, 13, 173–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R.J. (1988). Olfactory identification deficits in patients with focal cerebral excision. Neuropsychologia, 26, 387–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahilogullari, G., Beton, S., Al-Beyati, E.S., et al. (2013). Olfactory functions after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: endoscopic versus microscopic approach. Laryngoscope, 123, 2112–2119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kale, S.U., Donaldson, I., West, R.J., Shehu, A. (2003). Superficial siderosis of the meninges and its otolaryngologic connection: a series of five patients. Otology & Neurotology, 24, 90–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kallmann, F.J., Schoenfeld, W.A., Barrera, S.E. (1944). The genetic aspects of primary eunuchoidism. Am J Ment Defic, 48, 203–236.Google Scholar
Kamath, V., Bedwell, J.S., Compton, M.T. (2011). Is the odour identification deficit in schizophrenia influenced by odour hedonics? Cogn Neuropsychiatry, 16, 448–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamel, U.F., Maddison, P., Whitaker, R. (2009). Impact of primary Sj+Âgren’s syndrome on smell and taste: Effect on quality of life. Rheumatology, 48, 1512–1514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapoor, K.G. (2008). Do patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension suffer from hyposmia? Med.Hypotheses, 71, 816–817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., Opler, L.A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull., 13, 261–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelman, L. (2004a). Osmophobia and taste abnormality in migraineurs: A tertiary care study. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 44, 1019–1023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelman, L. (2004b). The premonitory symptoms (prodrome): A tertiary care study of 893 migraineurs. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 44, 865–872.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kern, R.C. (2000). Chronic sinusitis and snosmia: Pathologic vhanges in the olfactory mucosa. Laryngoscope, 110, 1071–1077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keshavan, M.S., Vora, A., Montrose, D., Diwadkar, V.A., Sweeney, J. (2009). Olfactory identification in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 21, 121–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kesslak, J.P., Cotman, C.W., Chui, H.C., et al. (1988). Olfactory tests as possible probes for detecting and monitoring Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging, 9, 399–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J.H., Jeon, H.W., Woo, E.J., Park, H.M. (2009). Dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity concurrent with hydrocephalus in four small breed dogs. J Vet. Sci., 10, 173–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitamura, F., Yokoyama, K., Araki, S., et al. (2003). Increase of olfactory threshold in plating factory workers exposed to chromium in Korea. Ind. Health, 41, 279–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klingmuller, D., Dewes, W., Krahe, T., Brecht, G., Schweikert, H.U. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with anosmia and hypothalamic hypogonadism (Kallmann’s syndrome). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, September; 65, 581–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Konstantinidis, I., Haehner, A., Frasnelli, J., et al. (2006). Post-infectious olfactory dysfunction exhibits a seasonal pattern. Rhinology, 44, 135–139.Google ScholarPubMed
Kopala, L.C., Clark, C., Hurwitz, T. (1993). Olfactory deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 8, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopala, L.C., Good, K.P., Morrison, K., et al. (2001). Impaired olfactory identification in relatives of patients with familial schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(8): 1286–1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopala, L.C., Good, K.P., Torry, E.F., Honer, W.G. (1998). Olfactory function in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korytowska, A., Szmeja, Z. (1993). [Smell and taste in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis]. Otolaryngologia Polska, 47, 144–152.Google ScholarPubMed
Kosten, T., Contreras, R.J. (1985). Adrenalectomy reduces peripheral neural responses to gustatory stimuli in the rat. Behavioral Neuroscience August; 99, 734–741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, G. (1983). [Diagnosis of neurologic disorders after whiplash injuries of the cervical spine]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift ( 1946 ), 108, 586–588.Google ScholarPubMed
Kruger, S., Frasnelli, J., Braunig, P., Hummel, T. (2006). Increased olfactory sensitivity in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder with event-related episodes compared with patients with bipolar disorder without such episodes. J Psychiat Neurosci, 31, 263–270.Google ScholarPubMed
Kulaga, H.M., Leitch, C.C., Eichers, E.R., et al. (2004). Loss of BBS proteins causes anosmia in humans and defects in olfactory cilia structure and function in the mouse. Nature genetics, 36(9), 994–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kundoor, V, Dalby, RN. Assessment of nasal spray deposition pattern in avsilicone human nose model using a color-based method. Pharm Res. 2010 27(1), 30–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunte, H., Schmidt, F., Kronenberg, G., et al. (2013). Olfactory dysfunction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Neurology 81, 379–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwapil, T.R., Chapman, J.P., Chapman, L.J., Miller, M.B. (1996). Deviant olfactory experiences as indicators of risk for psychosis. Schizophr Bull, 22, 371–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landis, B.N., Marangon, N., Saudan, P., et al. (2011). Olfactory function improves following hemodialysis. Kidney Int., 80, 886–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Floch, JP, Le Lièvre, G, Labroue, M, et al. Smell dysfunction and related factors in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1993; 16(6),934–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J., Tucker, R.M., Tan, S.Y., et al. (2015). Nutritional implications of taste and smell dysfunction. In Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 833–865.Google Scholar
Lee, J.S., Choi, J.C., Kang, S.Y., et al. (2010). Olfactory identification deficits in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. European Neurology 64, 280–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, R.J., Xiong, G., Kofonow, J.M., et al. (2012). T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. Journal of Clinical investigation, 122, 4145–4159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, S.J., Yoo, H.J., Park, S.W., Choi, M.G. (2004). A case of cystic lymphocytic hypophysitis with cacosmia and hypopituitarism. Endocrine Journal, 51, 375–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibowitz, S. (1949). Distaste for smoking; an early symptom in virus hepatitis. The Review of Gastroenterology, 16, 721.Google ScholarPubMed
Leigh, A.D. (1943). Defects of smell after head injury. Lancet, 1, 38–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon-Sarmiento, F.E., Bayona, E.A., Bayona-Prieto, J., Osman, A., & Doty, R.L. (2012). Profound olfactory dysfunction in myasthenia gravis. PLoS One, 7, e45544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leon-Sarmiento, F.E., Leon-Ariza, D.S., Doty, R.L. (2013). Dysfunctional chemosensation in myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. J.Clin.Neuromuscul. Dis., 15, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehrner, J., Baumgartner, C., Serles, W., Olbrich, A., Pataraia, E., Bacher, J., Aull, S., Deecke, L. (1997). Olfactory prodromal symptoms and unilateral olfactory dysfunction are associated in patients with right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 38(9): 1042–1044.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewandowski, K.E., DePaola, J., Camsari, G.B., Cohen, B.M., Ongur, D. (2009). Tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations in psychotic disorders: a descriptive study. Ann.Acad. Med. Singapore, 38, 383–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewitt, M.S., Laing, D.G., Panhuber, H., Corbett, A., Carter, J.N. (1989). Sensory perception and hypothyroidism. Chemical Senses, 14, 537–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewkowitz-Shpuntoff, H.M., Hughes, V.A., Plummer, L., et al. (2012). Olfactory Phenotypic Spectrum in Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Pathophysiological and Genetic Implications. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97, E136–E144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, JH, Davis, GE, Wang, Z, et al. (2009). Zicam-induced damage to mouse and human nasal tissue. PLoS One, 4(10): e7647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litvack, J.R., Fong, K., Mace, J., James, K.E., Smith, T.L. (2008). Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope, 118, 2225–2230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lombion-Pouthier, S., Vandel, P., Nezelof, S., Haffen, E., Millot, J.L., 2006. Odor perception in patients with mood disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 90, 187–191CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
London, B., Nabet, B., Fisher, A.R., et al. (2008). Predictors of prognosis in patients with olfactory disturbance. Annals of Neurology, 63, 159–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucchini, R., Bergamaschi, E., Smargiassi, A., Festa, D., Apostoli, P. (1997). Motor function, olfactory threshold, and hematological indices in manganese-exposed ferroalloy workers.[erratum appears in Environ Res 1997 Nov;75(2):187]. Environmental Research., 73, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumsden, C.E. (1983). The neuropathology of multiple sclerosis. In Vinken, PJ and Bruyn, GW (eds.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 217–309.Google Scholar
Lundstrom, J.N., Hummel, T., Olsson, M.J. (2003). Individual differences in sensitivity to the odor of 4, 16-androstadien-3-one. Chemical Senses, 28, 643–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutterotti, A., Vedovello, M., Reindl, M., et al. (2011). Olfactory threshold is impaired in early, active multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 17, 964–969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luzzi, S., Snowden, J.S., Neary, D., et al. (2007). Distinct patterns of olfactory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease, semantic dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1823–1831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackay-Sim, A., Beard, M.D. (1987). Hypothyroidism disrupts neural development in the olfactory epithelium of adult mice. Brain Research 433, 190–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maione, L., Benadjaoud, S., Eloit, C., et al. (2013). Computed tomography of the anterior skull base in Kallmann syndrome reveals specific ethmoid bone abnormalities associated with olfactory bulb defects. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 98, E537–E546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mair, R., Capra, C., McEntee, W.J., Engen, T. (1980). Odor discrimination and memory in Korsakoff’s psychosis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 6, 445–458.Google ScholarPubMed
Mair, R.G., Doty, R.L., Kelly, K.M., et al. (1986). Multimodal sensory discrimination deficits in Korsakoff’s psychosis. Neuropsychologia, 24, 831–839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malaspina, D., Coleman, E. (2003). Olfaction and social drive in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 578–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malaspina, D., Coleman, E., Goetz, R.R., et al. (2002). Odor identification, eye tracking and deficit syndrome schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 809–815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mao, Z., Yin, J., Lu, Z., Hu, X. (2015). Association between myasthenia gravis and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 18(2), 131.Google ScholarPubMed
Marmura, M.J., Monteith, T.S., Anjum, W., et al. (2014). Olfactory function in migraine both during and between attacks. Cephalalgia 34: 977–985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, B.A., Permutt, M.A., Paciorkowski, A.R., et al. (2013). Phenotypic characteristics of early Wolfram syndrome. Orphanet. J. Rare. Dis., 8, 64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martzke, J.S., Swan, C.S., Varney, N.R. (1991). Post-traumatic anosmia and orbital frontal damage: Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric correlates. Neuropsychology, 5, 213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mascagni, P., Consonni, D., Bregante, G., Chiappino, G., Toffoletto, F. (2003). Olfactory function in workers exposed to moderate airborne cadmium levels. Neurotoxicology, 24, 717–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mattes, R.D., Heller, A.D., Rivlin, R.S. (1986). Abnormalities in suprathreshold taste function in early hypothyroidism in humans. In Meiselman, H.L. & Rivlin, R. S. (Eds.), Clinical Measurement of Taste and Smell (pp. 467–486). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.Google Scholar
McCaffrey, R.J., Duff, K., Solomon, G.S. (2000). Olfactory dysfunction discriminates probable Alzheimer’s dementia from major depression: a cross-validation and extension. J Neuropsychiat ClinNeurosci, 12, 29–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarrison, R. (1918). The effects of deprivation of “B” accessory food factors. Indian J. Med. Research, 19.Google Scholar
McConnell, R.J., Menendez, C.E., Smith, F.R., Henkin, R.I., Rivlin, R.S. (1975). Defects of taste and smell in patients with hypothyroidism. Am J Med, 59, 354–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCurdy, R.D., F+®ron, F., Perry, C., et al. (2006). Cell cycle alterations in biopsied olfactory neuroepithelium in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder using cell culture and gene expression analyses. Schizophrenia research, 82, 163–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, W.I. (1986). The mystery of the origin of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych, 49, 113–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meats, P. (1988). Olfactory hallucinations. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 296, 645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menashe, I., Abaffy, T., Hasin, Y, et al. (2007). Genetic elucidation of human hyperosmia to isovaleric acid. PLoS Biol, 5, e284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendez, M.F., Ghajarnia, M. (2001). Agnosia for familiar faces and odors in a patient with right temporal lobe dysfunction. Neurology, 57, 519–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mergler, D., Huel, G., Bowler, R., et al. (1994). Nervous system dysfunction among workers with long-term exposure to manganese. Environmental Research, 64, 151–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mester, A.F., Doty, R.L., Shapiro, A., Frye, R.E. (1988). Influence of body tilt within the sagittal plane on odor identification performance. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 59: 734–737.Google ScholarPubMed
Miller, C.S. (2003). Multiple chemical intolerance. In Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 525–547.Google Scholar
Miller, C.S. & Mitzel, H.C. (1995). Chemical sensitivity attributed to pesticide exposure versus remodeling. Archives of Environmental Health 50, 119–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirza, N., Kroger, H., Doty, R.L. (1997). Influence of age on the nasal cycle. Laryngoscope, 107, 62–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mishra, A., Saito, K., Barbash, S.E., Mishra, N., Doty, R.L. (2006). Olfactory dysfunction in leprosy. Laryngoscope, 116, 413–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moberg, P.J., Arnold, S.E., Doty, R.L., et al. (2006). Olfactory functioning in schizophrenia: relationship to clinical, neuropsychological, and volumetric MRI measures. Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology 28, 1444–1461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moberg, P.J., Doty, R.L., Turetsky, B.I., et al. (1997). Olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia: correlation with duration of illness. Amer J Psychiat, 154, 1016–1018.Google ScholarPubMed
Moberg, P.J., Roalf, D., Gur, R.E., Turetsky, B.I. (2004). Smaller nasal volumes as stigmata of aberrant neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiat. 161, 2314–2316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, D.T., Jafek, B.W., Eller, P.M., Rowley, J.C. (1992). Ultrastructural histopathology of human olfactory dysfunction. Microsc. Res. Techn. 23, 103–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mourad, I., Lejoyeux, M., Ades, J. (1997). [Prospective evaluation of antidepressant discontinuation]. L’Encephale, 24, 215–222.Google Scholar
Mueller, A., Reuner, U., Landis, B., et al. (2006). Extrapyramidal symptoms in Wilson’s disease are associated with olfactory dysfunction. Movement Disorders 21, 1311–1316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mueller, C., Temmel, A.F.P., Quint, C., Rieger, A., Hummel, T. (2002). Olfactory function in HIV-positive subjects. Acta Otolaryngologica (Stockh), 122, 67–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, C., Schubert, C.R., Cruickshanks, K.J., et al. (2002). Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA, 288, 2307–2312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mygind, N., Pedersen, M. (1982). Nose-, sinus-and ear-symptoms in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Supplement, 127, 96–101.Google Scholar
Naka, A., Riedl, M., Luger, A., Hummel, T., Mueller, C.A. (2010). Clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 267, 547–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naus, A. (1975). Olphactoric properties of industrial matters. Prague: Charles University.Google Scholar
Negoias, S., Croy, I., Gerber, J., et al. (2010). Reduced olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sensitivity in patients with acute major depression. Neuroscience, 169(1): 415–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Sullivan, R.L., Mansueto, C.S., Lerner, E.A., Miguel, E.C. (2000). Characterization of trichotillomania. A phenomenological model with clinical relevance to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, September; 23, 587–604.Google ScholarPubMed
Ojima, M., Tonori, H., Sato, T., et al. (2002). Odor perception in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 198, 163–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paik, S.I., Lehman, M.N., Seiden, A.M., Duncan, H.J., Smith, D.V. (1992). Human olfactory biopsy. The influence of age and receptor distribution. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 118, 731–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pantazopoulos, H., Woo, T.U., Lim, M.P., Lange, N., Berretta, S. (2010). Extracellular matrix-glial abnormalities in the amygdala and entorhinal cortex of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 155–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pappas, G.D., Kriho, V., Liu, W.S., et al. (2003). Immunocytochemical localization of reelin in the olfactory bulb of the heterozygous reeler mouse: An animal model for schizophrenia. Neurological Research, 25, 819–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patterson, D.S., Turner, P., Smart, J.V. (1966). Smell threshold in diabetes mellitus. Nature, 209, 625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Passler, J.S., Doty, R.L., Dolske, M.C., Louis, P.G.S., Basignani, C., Pepe, J.W. and Bushnev, S., 2017. Olfactory ability in normal pressure hydrocephalus as compared to Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls. Journal of the neurological sciences, 372, pp. 217–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pause, B.M., Miranda, A., Goder, R., Aldenhoff, J.B., Ferstl, R., 2001. Reduced olfactory performance in patients with major depression. J. Psychiatr. Res. 35, 271–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pause, B.M., Raack, N., Eggers, U., et al. 2001. Olfaction and affective state: Emotional and odor perception in patients with major depression. Journal of Psychophysiology 15, 54.Google Scholar
Pelissolo, A., Bisserbe, J.C. (1994). Benzodiazepines dependence: Clinical aspects and biological perspectives. Enc+®phale, 20, 147–158.Google Scholar
Penfield, W., Perot, P. (1963). The brain’s record of auditory and visual experience. A final summary and discussion. Brain, 86, 595–696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pentzek, M., Grass-Kapanke, B., Ihl, R. (2007). Odor identification in Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Aging Clin Exp Res., 19, 255–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, G (1958). Multiple Sklerose. In Lubarsch, O., Henke, F., & Rossle, R (Eds.), Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologi. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Pinching, A.J. (1977). Clinical testing of olfaction reassessed. Brain, 100, 377–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinto, J.M., Wroblewski, K.E., Kern, D.W., Schumm, L.P., McClintock, M.K. (2014). Olfactory dysfunction predicts 5-year mortality in older adults. PLoS One, 9(10), e107541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pittman, J.A., Beschi, R.J. (1967). Taste thresholds in hyper- and hypothyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 27, 895–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podlesek, D., Leimert, M., Schuster, B., et al. (2012). Olfactory bulb volume in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neuroradiology, 54, 1229–1233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pol, H.E.H., Hijman, R., Tulleken, C.A., et al. (2002). Odor discrimination in patients with frontal lobe damage and Korsakoffs syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 40, 888–891.Google Scholar
Postolache, T.T., Doty, R.L., Wehr, T.A., et al. (1999). Monorhinal odor identification and depression scores in patients with seasonal affective disorder. J.Affect.Disord., 56, 27–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Postolache, T.T., Wehr, T.A., Doty, R.L., et al. (2002). Patients with seasonal affective disorder have lower odor detection thresholds than control subjects. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, 59, 1119–1122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pryse-Phillips, W. (1971). An olfactory reference syndrome. Acta Psychiat Scand, 47, 484–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryse-Phillips, W. (1975). Disturbance in the sense of smell in psychiatric patients. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 68, 472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randolph, T.G. (1962). Human Ecology and Susceptibility to the Chemical Environment. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Rapps, N., Giel, K.E., Âhngen, E., et al. (2010). Olfactory deficits in patients with anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 18, 385–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rausch, R., Serafetinides, E.A., Crandall, P.H. (1977). Olfactory memory in patients with anterior temporal lobectomy. Cortex, 13, 445–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawson, N.E., Brand, J.G., Cowart, B.J., et al. (1995). Functionally mature olfactory neurons from two anosmic patients with Kallmann syndrome. Brain Research 681, 58–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Razani, J., Murphy, C., Davidson, T.M., Grant, I., McCutchan, A. (1996). Odor sensitivity is impaired in HIV-positive cognitively impaired patients. Physiology & Behavior 59, 877–881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinacher, M., Bonin, J., Narayan, O., Scholtissek, C. (1983). Pathogenesis of neurovirulent influenza A virus infection in mice. Route of entry of virus into brain determines infection of different populations of cells. Laboratory Investigation, 49, 686–692.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, A.M., Philpott, C.M., Gaskin, J.A., Wolstenholme, C.R., Murty, G.E. (2007). The effect of female hormone manipulation on nasal physiology. American Journal of Rhinology, 21, 675–679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roessner, V., Bleich, S., Banaschewski, T., Rothenberger, A. (2005). Olfactory deficits in anorexia nervosa. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 255, 6–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ros, C., Alobid, I., Centellas, S., et al. (2012). Loss of smell but not taste in adult women with Turner’s syndrome and other congenital hypogonadisms. Maturitas, 73(3): 244-250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ros, R.S., Bernardino, d. l. S. J., Peiteado, L. p. D., & García, P. J. (2003). [Anosmia as presenting symptom of Churg-Strauss syndrome]. Revista clinica espanola, 203, 263–264.Google Scholar
Rose, C.S., Heywood, P.G., Costanzo, R.M. (1992). Olfactory impairment after chronic occupational cadmium exposure. J Occup Med, 34, 600–605.Google ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, N.L., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K., Davis, K.A., et al. (1988). Toluene abuse causes diffuse central nervous system white matter changes. Annals of Neurology 23, 611–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, P.M., Whysner, J., Covello, V.T., et al. (1999). Olfaction and symptoms in the multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome. Prev.Med., 28, 467–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutka, T.O. (1999). Olfactory dysfunction in head injured workers. Acta Oto-laryngologica, 119, 50–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rydzewski, B., Sulkowski, W., Miarzynska, M. (1998). Olfactory disorders induced by cadmium exposure: a clinical study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine & Environmental Health, 11, 235–245Google ScholarPubMed
Sagawa, M., Takao, M., Nogawa, S., et al. (2003). [Wilson’s disease associated with olfactory paranoid syndrome and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. No To Shinkei, 55, 899–902.Google ScholarPubMed
Saisu, A., Tatsumoto, M., Hoshiyama, E., Aiba, S., Hirata, K. (2011). Evaluation of olfaction in patients with migraine using an odour stick identification test. Cephalalgia, 31, 1023–1028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandmark, B., Broms, I., Lofgren, L., Ohlson, C.G. (1989). Olfactory function in painters exposed to organic solvents. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 15, 60–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, D.V., Reiter, E.R., DiNardo, L.J., Costanzo, R.M. (2004). Hazardous events associated with impaired olfactory function. Archives of Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surgery, 130, 317–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaupp, H., Krull, R. (1975). [Radiogenic disorder in sense of smell (author’s transl)]. Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie, 54, 340–343.Google ScholarPubMed
Schiffman, S.S. (2016). Influence of drugs on taste function. In Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. 3rd edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 911–926.Google Scholar
Schiffman, S.S., Nash, M.L., Dackis, C. (1978). Reduced olfactory discrimination in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Physiology & Behavior 21, 239–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, C., Wiener, E., Hoffmann, J., et al. (2012). Structural olfactory nerve changes in patients suffering from idiopathic intracranial hypertension. PLoS One, 7, e35221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, F., Goktas, O., Jarius, S., et al. (2013). Olfactory dysfunction in patients with neuromyelitis optica. Mult.Scler.Int., 654501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schon, F. (1988). Involvement of smell and taste in giant cell arteritis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 51, 1594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, B.S., Bolla, K.I., Stewart, W., et al. (1993). Decrements in neurobehavioral performance associated with mixed exposure to organic and inorganic lead. Amer J Epidemiol, 137, 1006–1021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, B.S., Doty, R.L., Monroe, C., Frye, R., Barker, S. (1989). Olfactory function in chemical workers exposed to acrylate and methacrylate vapors. Am J Public Health, 79(5), 613–618CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, B.S., Ford, D.P., Bolla, K.I., Agnew, J., Bleecker, M.L. (1991). Solvent-associated olfactory dysfunction: not a predictor of deficits in learning and memory. Amer J Psychiat, 148, 751–756.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B.S., Ford, D.P., Bolla, K.I., et al. (1990). Solvent-associated decrements in olfactory function in paint manufacturing workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 18, 697–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwob, J.E., Szumowski, K.E., Leopold, D.A., Emko, P. (1993). Histopathology of olfactory mucosa in Kallmann’s syndrome. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 102, 117–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherman, A.H., Amoore, J.E., Weigel, V. (1979). The pyridine scale for clinical measurement of olfactory threshold: a quantitative reevaluation. Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 87, 717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shoenfeld, N., Agmon-Levin, N., Flitman-Katzevman, I., et al. (2009). The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 60, 1484–1487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silberstein, S.D., Niknam, R., Rozen, T.D., Young, W.B. (2000). Cluster headache with aura. Neurology, 54, 219–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, A.M., Santos, E., Moreira, I., et al. (2012). Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: association with secondary progression. Mult.Scler., 18, 616–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva-Neto, R.P., Peres, M.F., Valenca, M.M. (2014). Accuracy of osmophobia in the differential diagnosis between migraine and tension-type headache. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 339(1–2), 118–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simard, A.R., Rivest, S. (2006). Neuroprotective properties of the innate immune system and bone marrow stem cells in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol.Psychiatry, 11, 327–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sisodiya, S.M., Free, S.L., Williamson, K.A., et al. (2001). PAX6 haploinsufficiency causes cerebral malformation and olfactory dysfunction in humans. Nature Genetics, 28(3), 214–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobel, N, Khan, RM, Saltman, A, Sullivan, EV, Gabrieli, JD. The world smells different to each nostril. Nature. 1999; 402(6757), 35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, N., Quinton, R. (2012). Kallmann syndrome. BMJ, 345, e6971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobin, C., Kiley-Brabeck, K., Dale, K., et al. (2006). Olfactory disorder in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Pediatrics, 118, e697–e703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomon, G.S., Petrie, W.M., Hart, J.R., Brackin, H.B. Jr (1998). Olfactory dysfunction discriminates Alzheimer’s dementia from major depression. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci, 10, 64–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soter, A., Kim, J., Jackman, A., et al. (2008). Accuracy of self-report in detecting taste dysfunction. Laryngoscope., 118, 611–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sparkes, R.S., Simpson, R.W., Paulsen, C.A. (1968). Familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia. Arch Intern Med, 121, 534–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spiegel, A.M., Weinstein, L.S. (2004). Inherited Diseases Involving G Proteins and G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Annu. Rev. Med., 55, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spierings, E.L., Ranke, A.H., Honkoop, P.C. (2001). Precipitating and aggravating factors of migraine versus tension-type headache. Headache. 41, 554–558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Starke, R.M., Raper, D.M., Payne, S.C., et al. (2013). Endoscopic vs microsurgical transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly: outcomes in a concurrent series of patients using modern criteria for remission. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 98, 3190–3198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, D.J., Le Roux, L., Bouwer, C., Van Heerden, B. (1998). Is olfactory reference syndrome an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder? Two cases and a discussion. J Neuropsychia. Clin. Neurosci. 10, 96–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinbach, S., Hummel, T., Bohner, C., et al. (2009). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of taste and smell changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer or gynecologic malignancies. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(11), 1899–1905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stevens, J.R. (1962). Central and Peripheral Factors in Epileptic Discharge: Clinical Studies. Archives of Neurology, 7, 330–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stevenson, R.J., Langdon, R., McGuire, J. (2011). Olfactory hallucinations in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: A phenomenological survey. Psychiatry Research, 185, 321–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stiasny-Kolster, K., Clever, S.C., Moller, J.C., Oertel, W.H., Mayer, G. (2007). Olfactory dysfunction in patients with narcolepsy with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain, 130, 442–449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stroop, W.G. (1995). Viruses and the olfactory system. In Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 367–393.Google Scholar
Su, N., Poon, R., Grushka, M. (2015). Does Sjogren’s syndrome affect odor identification abilities?. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 272(3), 773–774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiura, M., Alba, T., Mori, J., Nakai, Y. (1998). An epidemiological study of postviral olfactory disorder. Acta Ot-laryngologica Suppl, : 191–196.Google Scholar
Sulkowski, W.J., Rydzewski, B., Miarzynska, M. (2000). Smell impairment in workers occupationally exposed to cadmium. Acta Oto-Laryngologica., 120, 316–318.Google ScholarPubMed
Sumner, D. (1975). Disturbance of the senses of smell and taste after head injuries. In Vinken, P.J. and Bruyn, G.W, (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co, pp. 1–25.Google Scholar
Sumner, D (1967). Post-traumatic ageusia. Brain, 90, 187–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundermann, E., Gilbert, P.E., Murphy, C. (2006). Estrogen and performance in recognition memory for olfactory and visual stimuli in females diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 400–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundermann, E.E., Gilbert, P.E., Murphy, C. (2008). The effect of hormone therapy on olfactory sensitivity is dependent on apolipoprotein E genotype. Hormones and Behavior, 54, 528–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szeszko, P.R., Bates, J., Robinson, D., Kane, J., Bilder, R.M. (2004). Investigation of unirhinal olfactory identification in antipsychotic-free patients experiencing a first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 67, 219–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tabert, M.H., Liu, X., Doty, R.L., et al. (2005). A 10-item smell identification scale related to risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology 58, 155–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takahashi, T. (1975). Seizures induced by odorous stimuli. Clin EEG (Osaka), 17, 769.Google Scholar
Takahashi, T., Wood, S.J., Yung, A.R., et al. (2014). Altered depth of the olfactory sulcus in ultra high-risk individuals and patients with psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 153(1), 18–24CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallab, H.F., Doty, R.L. (2014). Anosmia and hypogeusia in Churg-Strauss syndrome. BMJ Case Rep., May 13, pii: bcr2014203959. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temmel, A.F., Pabinger, S., Quint, C., et al. (2005). Dysfunction of the liver affects the sense of smell. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr., 117, 26–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tepavcevic, V., Lazarini, F., Alfaro-Cervello, C., et al. (2011). Inflammation-induced subventricular zone dysfunction leads to olfactory deficits in a targeted mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J.Clin.Invest, 121, 4722–4734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tjalve, H., Henriksson, J. (1999). Uptake of metals in the brain via olfactory pathways. Neurotoxicology, 20, 181–195.Google Scholar
Turetsky, B.I., Moberg, P.J., Roalf, D.R., Arnold, S.E., Gur, R.E. (2003). Decrements in volume of anterior ventromedial temporal lobe and olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry., 60, 1193–1200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B.I., Crutchley, P., Walker, J., Gur, R.E., Moberg, P.J. (2009). Depth of the olfactory sulcus: A marker of early embryonic disruption in schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Research, 115, 8–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B.I., Kohler, C.G., Gur, R.E., Moberg, P.J. (2008). Olfactory physiological impairment in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research, 102, 220–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B.I., Moberg, P.J. (2009). An odor-specific threshold deficit implicates abnormal intracellular cyclic AMP signaling in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 226–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B.I., Moberg, P.J., Yousem, D.M., et al. (2000). Reduced olfactory bulb volume in patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 157, 828–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tvedt, B., Skyberg, K., Berstad, J. (1989). Chronic toxic encephalopathy among house painters with disability pension. J.Oslo.City Hosp., 39, 74–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Ugur, T., Weisbrod, M., Franzek, E., Pfuller, U., Sauer, H. (2005). Olfactory impairment in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psych Clin Neurosci, 255, 94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vadala, R., Giugni, E., Pezzella, F.R., Sabatini, U., Bastianello, S. (2013). Progressive sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia and anosmia as manifestation of superficial siderosis in post traumatic brain injury. Neurol.Sci., 34, 1259–1262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varney, N.R. (1988). Prognostic significance of anosmia in patients with closed-head trauma. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 250–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varney, N.R., Bushnelt, D. (1998). NeuroSPECT findings in patients with post-traumafic anosmia: A quantitative analysis. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13, 63–72.Google ScholarPubMed
Varney, N.R., Pinkston, J.B., Wu, J.C. (2001). Quantitative PET findings in patients with post-traumatic anosmia. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilition, 16, 253–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velakoulis, D. (2006). Olfactory hallucinations. In: Brewer, W., Castle, D., and Pantelis, C. (Eds.), Olfaction and the Brain. Cambridge: Cambridge Univesity Press, pp. 322–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vent, J., Koenig, J., Hellmich, M., Huettenbrink, K.B., Damm, M. (2010). Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: A matched pairs analysis. Brain Research, 1320, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veyseller, B., Aksoy, F., Yildirim, Y.S., et al. (2012). Olfactory dysfunction and olfactory bulb volume reduction in patients with leprosy. Indian J Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, 64(3), 261–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veyseller, B., Ozucer, B., Degirmenci, N., et al. (2014a). Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx, 41(5), 436–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veyseller, B., Dogan, R., Ozucer, B., et al. (2014b). Olfactory function and nasal manifestations of Behcet’s disease. Auris Nasus Larynx, 41, 185–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vishnevetsky, A., Inca-Martinez, M., Milla-Neyra, K., et al. (2016). The first report of CADASIL in Peru: Olfactory dysfunction on initial presentation. eNeurologicalSci. 5: 15–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vreman, H.J., Venter, C., Leegwater, J., Oliver, C., Weiner, M.W. (1980). Taste, smell and zinc metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephron, 26, 163–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walczak, M., Pruszewicz, A., Lacka, K., Karlik, M. (2002). [Olfaction in congenital hypothyroidism]. Otolaryngol.Pol., 56, 577–581.Google ScholarPubMed
Ware, J. Jr, Kosinski, M., Keller, S.D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med.Care, 34, 220–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watanabe, S., Fukuchi, Y. (2000). Occupational impairment of the olfactory sense of chromate producing workers. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health, 23, 606–611.Google Scholar
Weiffenbach, J.M., Fox, P.C. (1993). Odor identification ability among patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 36, 1752–1754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weigel, M.T., Prazma, G., Pillsbury, H.C. (1989). Auditory acuity in adrenocorticoid insufficiency. Am.J.Otol., July; 10, 267–271.Google ScholarPubMed
Weinstock, R.S., Wright, H.N., Smith, D.U. (1993). Olfactory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Physiology & behavior, 53, 17–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinstock, R.S., Wright, H.N., Spiegel, A.M., Levine, M.A., Moses, A.M. (1986). Olfactory dysfunction in humans with deficient guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Nature, 322(6080), 635–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenzel, B.M. (1948). Techniques in olfactometry. A critical review of the last one hundred years. Psychological Bulletin, 45, 231–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, S.E., Doty, R.L. (1995). Influence of epilepsy and temporal lobe resection on olfactory function. Epilepsia, 36, 531–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westervelt, H.J., McCaffrey, R.J., Cousins, J.P., Wagle, W.A., Haase, R.F. (1997). Longitudinal analysis of olfactory deficits in HIV infection. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 12, 557–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wierzbicki, A.S, Lloyd, M.D., Schofield, C.J., Feher, M.D., Gibberd, F.B. (2002). Refsum’s disease: A peroxisomal disorder affecting phytanic acid α‐oxidation. Journal of neurochemistry, 80(5), 727–735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, R.S., Yu, L., Bennett, D.A. (2011). Odor identification and mortality in old age. Chemical Senses 36, 63–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wismer, W.V. (2008). Assessing alterations in taste and their impact on cancer care. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 2(4), 282–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wustenberg, E.G., Fleischer, A., Gerbert, B., et al. (2001). Lateralized normosmia in a patient with Kallmann’s syndrome. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 80, 85–89.Google Scholar
Xydakis, M.S., Mulligan, L.P., Smith, A.B., et al. (2015). Olfactory impairment and traumatic brain injury in blast-injured combat troops: A cohort study. Neurology, 84(15), 1559–1567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yin-Zeng, L., Jin-Xiang, H., Cheng-Mo, L., Bo-Hong, X., Cui-Juan, Z. (1985). Effects of cadmium on cadmium smelter workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 11, 29–32.Google Scholar
Yousem, D.M., Geckle, R.J., Bilker, W., McKeown, D.A., Doty, R.L. (1996a). MR evaluation of patients with congenital hyposmia or anosmia. American Journal of Roentgenology 166, 439–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousem, D.M., Geckle, R.J., Bilker, W.B., McKeown, D.A., Doty, R.L. (1996b). post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: MR and clinical evaluation. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 17, 1171–1179.Google Scholar
Yousem, D.M., Oguz, K.K., Li, C. (2001). Imaging of the olfactory system. Seminars In Ultrasound CT RM, 22, 456–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, Z., Kryzer, T.J., Griesmann, G.E., et al. (2001). CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Annals of Neurology 49, 146–154.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zatorre, R.J., Jones-Gotman, M. (1991). Human olfactory discrimination after unilateral frontal or temporal lobectomy. Brain, 114, 71–84.Google ScholarPubMed
Zeman, A.Z., Boniface, S.J., Hodges, J.R. (1998). Transient epileptic amnesia: a description of the clinical and neuropsychological features in 10 cases and a review of the literature. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 64(4): 435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, K., Frye, R.E. (2015). nasal patency and the aerodynamics of nasal airflow in relation to olfactory function. In: Doty, R.L. (Ed.), Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. 3rd edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 355–374.Google Scholar
Zhao, K., Cowart, B.J., Rawson, N.E., et al. (2007). Nasal airflow and odorant transport modeling in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers,  10.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, H.M., Netsky, M.G. (1950). The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Research publications-Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 28, 271.Google ScholarPubMed
Zivadinov, R., Zorzon, M., Monti, B.L., Pagliaro, G., Cazzato, G. (1999). Olfactory loss in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 168, 127–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zorzon, M., Ukmar, M., Bragadin, L.M., et al. (2000). Olfactory dysfunction and extent of white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MR study. Mult.Scler., 6, 386–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zucco, G.M., Amodio, P., Gatta, A. (2006). Olfactory deficits in patients affected by minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A pilot study. Chemical Senses 31, 273–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zucco, G.M., Ingegneri, G. (2004). Olfactory deficits in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS dementia complex. Physiology & Behavior 80, 669–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zucco, G.M., Militello, C., Doty, R.L. (2008). Discriminating between organic and psychological determinants of multiple chemical sensitivity: A case study. Neurocase, 14, 485–493CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zusho, H. (1982). post-traumatic anosmia. Archives of Otolaryngology, 108, 90–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×