This book develops a relational theory of world politics, drawing mainly on the Confucian philosophy. Dissatisfied with the fact that the discipline of International Relations, though called as such, has made little effort to theorize on relations, it is organized around the key concept of "relationality" as a counterpart of "rationality". Part I posits that culture provides one of the richest resources for social theory innovation and knowledge production; Part II develops a relational theory of world politics, establishing the ontology of relations, the epistemology of the zhongyong or harmonizing dialectics, and the logic of relationality. Part III revisits some key concepts in mainstream Western IRT, namely, power, cooperation and global governance. The whole project means tn enrich the knowledge of world politics by looking at the social universe from a different cultural perspective and with a foucs on human relations.