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Chapter 22 - Pulmonary Issues

from Section III - Care of the Elderly by Organ System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2022

By
Leah J. Witt  and
C. Adrian Austin
Edited by
Jan Busby-Whitehead ,
Samuel C. Durso ,
Christine Arenson ,
Rebecca Elon ,
Mary H. Palmer  and
William Reichel
Jan Busby-Whitehead
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Samuel C. Durso
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland
Christine Arenson
Affiliation:
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Rebecca Elon
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Mary H. Palmer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
William Reichel
Affiliation:
Georgetown University Medical Center
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Summary

Older adults are disproportionately affected by many chronic lung diseases. Numerous normal physiologic changes occur in the lungs with age, from reduced parenchymal elastic recoil to thoracic cage distortion. These changes impact pulmonary pathophysiology and disease diagnosis. Clinicians should be cognizant of geriatric issues that can impact diagnosis, treatment, and the occurrence of adverse events secondary to treatment. For example, multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of multiple comorbidities, is more common with increasing age. Additionally, people with chronic lung diseases have a higher burden of geriatric syndromes, such as frailty, functional impairment, falls, and social isolation. Older adults are at increased risk of severe morbidity from acute lung conditions such as pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. Treatment of older patients in the intensive care unit requires special attention to geriatric issues (called “age-friendly care”) that will improve the quality of their care. This chapter reviews the natural history of pulmonary system aging, discusses the most commonly encountered chronic lung diseases with aging, and briefly examines special issues with caring for older adults in a critical care setting.

Keywords

chronic lung diseaseCOPDbronchiectasisIPFgeriatric
Type
Chapter
Information
Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Clinical Aspects of Aging
 , pp. 270 - 285
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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