This chapter is conceived of as a continuation of chapter 3’s comparative historical analysis of SLS in the United States and France. Its aim is less theoretical and more descriptive: instead of tracing the main historical features that influenced the development of SLS, it concentrates on describing the main forms of SLS and the main political uses of law that have emerged in the last fifty years. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the sociology of law in the United States, while the longer second part seeks to describe the major tendencies, movements, and developments in socio-legal studies and studies of legal theory. This second part explores two periods: 1960–1990 and 1990–today. The separation of these two periods is not only chronological but also thematic to the extent that the main sociopolitical theories of law underwent an important transformation in the 1990s. The chapter ends with a brief conclusion drawn from the preceding analyses on antiformalism, the relation between law and social science, and the symbolic uses of law.