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Basaria, S, Westra, WH, Cooper, DS. Ectopic lingual thyroid masquerading as thyroid cancer metastasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:392–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Peters, P, Stark, P, Essig, G, et al. Lingual thyroid: an unusual and surgically curable cause of sleep apnea in a male. Sleep and Breathing 2010; 14:377–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Neinas, FW, Gorman, CA, Devine, KD, Woolner, LB. Lingual thyroid. Clinical characteristics of 15 cases. Ann Int Med 1973; 79:205–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schoen, EJ, Clapp, W, To, T, Fireman, B. The key role of newborn thyroid scintography with isotopic iodide (123I) in defining and managing congenital hypothyroidism. Pediatr 2004; 114:e683–e688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Huang, TS, Cheng, HY. Dual thyroid ectopic with a normally located pretracheal thyroid gland: case report and literature review. Head and Neck 2007, 29:885–888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ugar-Cankal, D, Denizci, S, Hocaoglu, T. Prevalence of tongue lesions among Turkish school children. Saudi Med J 2005; 26:1962–1967.Google Scholar

Prasad, KC, Bhat, V. Surgical management of lingual thyroid: a report of four cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:223–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eugene, D, Djemli, A, Van Vilet, G. Sexual dimorphism of thyroid function in newborns with congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:2696–2700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Toso, A, Colombani, F, Averono, G., et al. Lingual thyroid causing dysphasia and dyspnea. Case reports and review of the literature. Acta Otochinolaryngologia Ital 2009; 29:213–217.Google Scholar

Seonane, JM, Cameselle-Teijerio, J, Romero, MA. Poorly differentiated oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) carcinoma arising in lingual thyroid: a case report and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol 2002; 13:353–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaabouni, AM, Intidhar Labidi, S, Kraiem, T., et al. Papillary follicular carcinoma arising in a lingual thyroid. Ann Otolaryngol Chircevicofac 2006; 123:199–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Massinc, RE, Durning, SJ, Koroscil, TM. Lingual thyroid carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 2001; 11:1191–1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Mondin, V, Ferlito, A, Muzzi, E, Silver, CE, et al. Thyroglossal duct cyst: personal experience and literature review. Auris Nasus Larynx 2008; 35:11–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Diaz, MC, Stormorken, A, Christopher, NC. Thyroglossal duct causing apnea and cyanosis in a neonate. Pediatr Emerg Care 2005; 21(2): 35–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Patel, NN, Hartley, BE, Howard, DJ. Management of thyroglossal tract disease after failed Sistrunk procedure. J Laryngol Otol 2003; 117:710–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noussios, G, Panaglotis, A, Goults, D, et al. Ectopic thyroid tissue: anatomical, clinical, and surgical implication of a rare entity. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:375–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Kumar, R, Khullar, S, Gupta, R, et al. Dual thyroid ectopy: case report and review of the literature. Clin Nucl Med 2000; 25:253–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Best, TB, Munro, RE, Burwell, S, et al. Reidel’s thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperparathyroidism, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. J Endocrinol Invest 1991; 14:767–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, HS, Hwang, JS. The natural course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents. J Pediat Endocrinol Met 2014; 27:807–812.Google ScholarPubMed

Menconi, F, Marcocci, M. Diagnosis and classification of Graves’ disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 2014; 13:398–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brent, GA. Clinical practice: Graves’ disease. New England J of Med 2008; 358:2594–2605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Genovese, BM, Noureldine, SI, Gleeson, EM, et al. What is the best definitive treatment for Graves’ disease? A systemic review of the existing literature. Annals of Surgical Oncology (review) 2013; 20:660–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Huang, TS, Cheng, HY. Dual thyroid ectopic with a normally located pretracheal thyroid gland: case report and literature review. Head and Neck 2007, 29:885–888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ugar-Cankal, D, Denizci, S, Hocaoglu, T. Prevalence of tongue lesions among Turkish school children. Saudi Med J 2005; 26:1962–1967.Google Scholar

Prasad, KC, Bhat, V. Surgical management of lingual thyroid: a report of four cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:223–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eugene, D, Djemli, A, Van Vilet, G. Sexual dimorphism of thyroid function in newborns with congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:2696–2700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Singhal, P, Sharma, KR, Singhal, A. Lingual thyroid in children. J Indian Soc of Pedodo and Preventive Dentistry 2012; 29:270–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Diaz-Arias, AA, Bickel, JT, Loy, TS, et al. Follicular carcinoma with clear cell change arising in lingual thyroid. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 74:206–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Toso, A, Colombani, F, Averono, G., et al. Lingual thyroid causing dysphasia and dyspnea. Case reports and review of the literature. Acta Otochinolaryngologia Ital 2009; 29:213–217.Google Scholar

Seonane, JM, Cameselle-Teijerio, J, Romero, MA. Poorly differentiated oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) carcinoma arising in lingual thyroid: a case report and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol 2002; 13:353–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chaabouni, AM, Intidhar Labidi, S, Kraiem, T., et al. Papillary follicular carcinoma arising in a lingual thyroid. Ann Otolaryngol Chircevicofac 2006; 123:199–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Massinc, RE, Durning, SJ, Koroscil, TM. Lingual thyroid carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 2001; 11:1191–1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allard, LH. The thyroglossal cyst. Head Neck Surg 1982; 5:134–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dedivitis, RA, Camargo, DL, Peisoto, GL, et al. Thyroglossal duct: a review of 55 cases. J Am Coll Surg 2002; 194:274–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mondin, V, Ferlito, A, Muzzi, E, Silver, CE, et al. Thyroglossal duct cyst: personal experience and literature review. Auris Nasus Larynx 2008; 35:11–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Diaz, MC, Stormorken, A, Christopher, NC. Thyroglossal duct causing apnea and cyanosis in a neonate. Pediatr Emerg Care 2005; 21(2): 35–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Soloman, JR, Rangercroft, L. Thyroglossal duct lesions in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 1984; 19:555–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peretz, A, Lieberman, E, Kapelushnik, J, Hershkovitz, E. Thyroglossal duct carcinoma in children: case presentation and review of the literature. Thyroid 2004; 14:777–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Patel, NN, Hartley, BE, Howard, DJ. Management of thyroglossal tract disease after failed Sistrunk procedure. J Laryngol Otol 2003; 117:710–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noussios, G, Panaglotis, A, Goults, D, et al. Ectopic thyroid tissue: anatomical, clinical, and surgical implication of a rare entity. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:375–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

LiVolsi, V. Thyroid lesions in unusual locations. In: Bennington, JL, ed. Surgical Pathology of the Thyroid. Major Problems in Pathology. Vol. 22. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990, 351–363.Google Scholar

Kumar, R, Khullar, S, Gupta, R, et al. Dual thyroid ectopy: case report and review of the literature. Clin Nucl Med 2000; 25:253–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goldfischer, S, Grotsky, HW, Chang, CH, et al. Idiopathic neonatal iron storage involving the liver, pancreas, heart and endocrine and exocrine glands. Hepatology 1981; 1:58–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Alexander, CB, Herrera, GA, Jaffe, K, et al. Black thyroid. Clinical manifestations, ultrastructural findings, and possible mechanisms. Hum Pathol 1985; 16:72–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reid, JD, Choi, CH, Oldroyd, N. Calcium oxalate crystals in the thyroid. Their identification, prevalence, origin, and possible significance. Am J Clin Pathol 1987; 87:443–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lorini, R, Gastaldi, R, Traggiai, C, et al. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2003; 1:205–211.Google ScholarPubMed

Tandon, N, Zhang, L, Weetman, AP. HLA associations with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Clin Endocrinol (oxf) 1991; 34:383–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nicholson, L, Wong, F, Ewins, D, et al. Susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in Down’s syndrome is associated with the major histocompatibility class II DQA 0301 allele. Clin Endocrinol (oxf) 1994; 41:381–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goudie, RB, Anderson, JR, Gray, KG, et al. Autoimmune associations of Hashimoto’s disease. Lancet 1965; 17:322–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furszyfer, J, Kurland, LT, McConahey, WM, et al. Graves’ disease in Omsted county, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967. Mayo Clin Proc 1970; 45:636–644.Google Scholar

Erickson, LA, Yousef, OM, Lin, L, et al. p27kip1 expression distinguishes papillary hyperplasia in Graves’s disease from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mod Pathology 2000; 13:1014–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beahrs, OH, McConahey, WM, Woolner, LB. Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Reidel’s struma). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 17:201–220.Google Scholar

Best, TB, Munro, RE, Burwell, S, et al. Reidel’s thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperparathyroidism, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. J Endocrinol Invest 1991; 14:767–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, HS, Hwang, JS. The natural course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents. J Pediat Endocrinol Met 2014; 27:807–812.Google ScholarPubMed

Menconi, F, Marcocci, M. Diagnosis and classification of Graves’ disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 2014; 13:398–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brent, GA. Clinical practice: Graves’ disease. New England J of Med 2008; 358:2594–2605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Genovese, BM, Noureldine, SI, Gleeson, EM, et al. What is the best definitive treatment for Graves’ disease? A systemic review of the existing literature. Annals of Surgical Oncology (review) 2013; 20:660–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Soh, SB, Pham, A, O’Hehir, RE, et al. Novel use of rituximab in a case of Riedels thyroiditis refractory to glucocortogoids and taxoxifen. J Clin Endocrinol Met 2013; 98:3543–3549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fatourechi, MM, Hay, ID, McIver, B. et al. Invasive fibrous thyroiditis. (Riedel thyroiditis) The Mayo Clinic experience, 1976–2008. Thyroid 2011; 21:765–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Divatia, K, Kim, SA, Ro, JY. IgG4 related sclerosing disease, an emerging entity: a review of multi system disease. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:15–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bahn, RS, Castro, MR. Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1202–1212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Braverman, LE, Utiger, RD, Hermus, AR, Juysmans, AD. Clinical manifestations and treatment of nontoxic diffuse and nodular goiter. In: Werner & Ingbar’s The Thyroid. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000, 866–871.Google Scholar

Hegedus, L, Gerber, H. Multinodular goiter. In: DeGroot, LJ, Jameson, JL, eds. Endocrinology. Philadelphia, 2001; 2:1517–1528.Google Scholar

Shah, SS, Baum, SG. Diagnosis and management of infectious thyroiditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2000; 2:147–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paes, JE, Burman, KD, Cohen, J, et al. Acute bacterial suppurative thyroiditis. A clinical review and expert opinion. Thyroid 2010; 20:247–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ghaemi, N, Sayedi, J, Bagheri, S. Acute suppurative thyroiditis with thyroid abscess: a case report and review of the literature. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 26:51–55.Google ScholarPubMed

Dussault, JH. Anecdotal history of screening for congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:4332–4334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Academy of Pediatrics, American Thyroid Association, Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, et al. Update of newborn screening and therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. Pediatrics 2006 Jun; 117:2290–2303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klein, AH, Meltzer, S, Kenny, FM. Improved prognosis in congenital hypothyroidism treated before age three months. J Pediatr 1972; 81:912–915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mitchell, ML, Hsu, HW, Sahai, I, et al. The increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism; fact or fancy? Clin Endocrinol 2011; 75:806–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Delange, F. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism: result and perspectives. Horm Res 1997; 48:51–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonger- Schokking, JJ, deMuink, SM. Influence of timing and dose of thyroid hormone replacement on mental, psychomotor, and behavioral development in children with congenital hypothytidism. J Pediatr 2005; 147:768–774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Siebner, R, Merlob, P, Kaiserman, I, Sack, J. Congenital anomalies concomitant persistent primary congenital hypothyroidism. Am J Med Genet 1992; 44:57–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Dinauer, CA, Breuer, C, Rivkees, SA. Differentiated thyroid cancer in children: diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Oncol 2008; 20:59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kirath, P, Volkan-Salanci, B, Gunay, E, et al. Thyroid cancer in pediatric age group: an institutional experience and review of the literature. J Pediatric Hemato/Oncol 2013; 35:93–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Baverstock, K, Egloff, B, Pinchera, A, et al. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 1992; 359:21–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hogan, AR, Zhuge, Y, Perez, EA, et al. Pediatric thyroid carcinoma: incidence and outcome in 1753 patients. J Surg Res 2009; 156:167–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shapiro, NL, Bhattacharyya, N. Population-based outcomes for pediatric thyroid carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2005; 115:337–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Imai, Y, Yamakawa, M, Matsuda, M, et al. Endogenous sex hormone and estrogen binding activity in thyroid cancer. Histol Histopathol 1989; 4:39–42.Google ScholarPubMed

Niedziela, M. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in children. Endocr Relat Cancer 2006; 13:427–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boelaert, K, Horacek, J, Holder, RL, et al. Serum thyrotropin concentration as a novel predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodule investigated by fine needle aspiration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4295–4301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Disen, D, Skinner, M. Pediatric thyroid cancer. SemPediatrSurg 2012; 21:44–50.Google Scholar

Fenton, CL, Lukes, Y, Nicholson, D, et al. The RET/PTC mutations are common in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma of children and young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1170–1175.Google ScholarPubMed

Santoro, M, Thomas, GA, Vecchio, G, et al. Gene rearrangement and Chernobyl related cancers. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:315–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson, YC, Shellenberger, TD, Williams, MD, et al. High rate of BRAF and RET/PTC dual mutations associated with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:485–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stein, L, Rothschild, J, Luce, J, et al. Copy number and gene expression alterations in radiation induced papillary thyroid carcinoma from Chernobyl pediatric patients. Thyroid 2012; 20:475–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nikiforov, YE, Rowland, JM, Bove, KE, et al. Distinct pattern of RET oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children. Cancer Res 1997; 57:1690–1694.Google ScholarPubMed

Lupi, C, Giannini, R, Ugolini, C, et al. Association of BRAF V600E mutation with poor clinicopathological outcomes in 500 consecutive cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4085–4090.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leboeuf, R, Baumgartner, JE, Benezra, M, et al. BRAFV600E mutation is associated with preferential sensitivity to mitogen activated protein kinase inhibition in thyroid cancer cell lines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2194–2201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Edge, S, Byrd, DR, Compton, CC, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manuel. Ed 6. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.Google Scholar

Alessandri, AJ, Goddard, KJ, Blair, GK, et al. Age is the major determinant of recurrence in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 2000; 35:41–46.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vaisman, F, Rossana, C, Vaisman, M. Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents – systemic review of the literature. J Thyroid Research 2011; DOI. 10.4061/2011/845362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Acharya, S, Sarafuglou, M, Gutjahr, P. Thyroid neoplasms after therapeutic radiation for malignancies in childhood and adolescence. Cancer 2003; 97: 10:2397–2403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zimmerman, ID, Hay, I, Gough, R. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adults. Long term follow-up of 1,039 patients consecutively treated at one institution during three decades. Surg 1988; 104:1157–1166.Google Scholar

Ferradace, CC, Godoy, CC, Martinez, AA, et al. Papillary thyroid cancer case reports of four family cases. Rev Chil Pediatr 2014; 85:351–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sugino, K, Nagahama, M, Kitagawa, W, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents. Long term follow-up and clinical characteristics. World J Surg 2015, March 24 [E pub ahead of print]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Soares, J, Limbert, E, Sobrinho-Simoes, M. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyoid carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of 10 cases. Path Res Pract 1989; 185:200–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rossi, ED, Revelli, L, Martini, M, et al. Cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in an 8 year old girl: a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular testing. In J Surg Pathol 2012; 20:629–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Enomoto, K, Enomoto, Y, Uchino, S, et al. Follicular thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents: clinicopathologic features, long term survival and risk factors for recurrence. Endoc J 2013; 60:629–635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Medeiros-Neto, G, Gil-Da-Costa, MJ, Santos, CL, et al. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma arising from congenital goiter due to mutation in thyroperoxidase gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83(11): 4162–4164.Google ScholarPubMed

Feinmesser, R, Lubin, E, Segal, K, Noyek, A. Carcinoma of the thyroid in children–a review.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1997; 10:561–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lazar, L, Lebenthal, A, Steinmetz, M, et al. Differentiated thyroid cancer in pediatric patients: comparison of presentation and course between pre-pubertal children and adolescents. J Pediatric 2009; 154:708–714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Demidenik, K, Demidchik, EP, Reiners, C. Comprehensive clinical assessment of 741 operated pediatric thyroid cancer cases in Belarus. Ann Surg 2006; 525–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rivera, G, Lugo-Vincente, H. Thyroid cancer in children. Bol Asoc Med PR 2014; 106:48–54.Google ScholarPubMed

Viola, D, Romei, C, Elisei, R. Medullary thyroid carcinoma in children. Endocr Dev 2014; 26:202–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Telander, RL, Moir, CR. Medullary thyroid carcinoma in children. Semin Pediatr Surg Aug 1994; 3:188–193.Google ScholarPubMed

Skinner, MA, Wells, SA Jr. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and the MEN 2 syndromes. Semin Pediatr Surg Aug 1997; 6:134–140.Google ScholarPubMed

La Quaglia, MP, Telander, RL. Differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence.Semin Pediatr Surg Feb 1997; 6:42–9.Google ScholarPubMed

Shankar, R, Rutter, M, Chernausek, s, et al. Medullary thyroid cancer in a 9-week-old infant with familial MEN 2B: Implications for timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2012 Sep 19; 2012(1):1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zenaty, D, Aigrain, Y, Peuchmaur, M, Philippe-Chomette, P, et al.: Medullary thyroid carcinoma identified within the first year of life in children with hereditary multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (codon 634) and 2B. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:807–813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kebebew, E, Ituarte, PHG, Siperstein, AE, et al. Medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88:1139–1148.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brauckhoff, M, Machens, A, Loren, ZK. Surgical curability of medullary thyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia. 2B: a changing perspective. Ann Surg 2014; 259:800–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rivkees, SA, Mazzaferri, EL, Verburg, FA, et al. The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in children: emphasis on surgical approach and radioactive iodine therapy. Endocrinol Rev 2011; 32:798–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rachmiel, M, Charron, M, Gupta, A, et al. Evidence-based review of treatment and followup of pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:1377–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hung, W, Sarlis, NJ. Current controversies in the management of pediatric patients in well differentiated non-medullary thyroid cancer. A review. Thyroid 2002; 12:683–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force. Kloos, RT, Eng, C, et al. Medullary thyroid cancer: management and guidelines of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 2009; 19:565–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hassoun, A, Hay, I, Goellner, J, Zimmerman, D. Insular thyroid carcinoma in adolescents. Cancer 1997; 79:1044–1048.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sironi, M, Collini, P, Cantaboni, A. Fine needle aspiration cytology of insular thyroid carcinoma. A report of four cases. Actacytol 1992; 36:435–439.Google ScholarPubMed

Hassoun, AA, Hay, ID, Goeller, R, et al. Insular thyroid carcinoma in adolescents: a potentially lethal endocrine malignancy. Cancer 1997; 79:1044–1048.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vaisman, F, Corbo, R, Vaisman, M. Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents – systematic review of the literature. J Thyroid Research 2011; http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/845362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sakamoto, A. Definition of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. The Japanese experience. Endocr Pathol 2004; 15:307–311CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Magnata Filho, LA, Bordallo, MA, Pessoa, CH, et al. Thyroid spindle epithelial tumor with thymus differentiation (SETTLE): case report and review. Arg Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2010; 54:657–662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Cheuk, W, Jacobson, A, Chan, J. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus like differentiation (SETTLE): A distinctive malignant thyroid neoplasm with significant metastatic potential. Mod Pathol 2000; 13:1150–1155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Saw, D, Wu, D, Chess, Q, Sherman, I. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus like elements (SETTLE), a primary thyroid tumor. Int J Surg Pathol 1997; 4:169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Ho, C, Conner, D, Pollak, M, et al. A mouse model of human familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Nat Genet 1995; 11:389–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Norwood, S, Andrassy, R. Primary hyperparathyroidism in children: a review. Mill Med 1983; 148:812–814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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Gannon, AW, Monk, HM, Levine, MA. Cinacalet monotherapy in neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. A case study and review. J Clin Endo Crinol 2014; 99:7–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Iacobone, M, Masi, G, Barzon, L, et al. Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: a report of three large kindred. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009; 394:817–825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed