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13 - Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2021

Michael Church
Affiliation:
Classical music and opera critic, The Independent/i
Dwight Reynolds
Affiliation:
Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of California, Santa Barbara
Scott DeVeaux
Affiliation:
Professor in the McIntire Department of Music at the University of Virginia
Ivan Hewett
Affiliation:
Classical music critic for the Daily Telegraph, broadcaster on BBC Radio 3, and teacher at the Royal College of Music.
David Hughes
Affiliation:
Research Associate, University of London
Jonathan Katz
Affiliation:
Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford
Frank Kouwenhoven
Affiliation:
University of Leiden Founder and Secretary-Treasurer of CHIME
Roderic Knight
Affiliation:
Professor of Ethnomusicology Emeritus, Oberlin College, Conservatory of Music
Robert Labaree
Affiliation:
Member of the Musicology faculty at the New England Conservatory in Boston
Scott Marcus
Affiliation:
Professor of Ethnomusicology at the University of California, Santa Barbara
Terry E. Miller
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus of Ethnomusicology at Kent State University, Ohio
Will Sumits
Affiliation:
University of Central Asia Research Fellow in Humanities
Neil Sorrell
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Music, University of York
Richard Widdess
Affiliation:
Professor of Musicology in the Department of Music, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Ameneh Youssefzadeh
Affiliation:
Visiting scholar at the City University of New York Graduate Center
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Summary

Buoyed by dinner and many glasses of spirits, the guests settle in the living room with sweets, and some open instrument cases. Laughter and the tinkle of metal spoons on tea glasses mingle with the sound of a long-necked lute being tuned. A young woman tries out her zither, while an older man blows tentative tones on his flute. Another young woman balances a short-necked fiddle on her knee: it's tear-drop shaped, and its voice is surprisingly large; a percussionist inspects his frame drum with brass jingles. Now the sound of the flute, breathy and full of overtones, cuts through the talk, its melody moving meditatively upward in free rhythm as the other players provide quiet drones; the fiddle and lute step in, and the three converse together, conclude together. Then instruments and drum begin to move as one, in a piece in a stately tempo. After the final refrain, a guest begins to sing, freely at first, then joined by instruments. Another song follows, then others, the tempo increasing as the listeners sip tea, comment or sing along; a phone rings unanswered. Suddenly the instruments are hushed, playing a steady ostinato as a singer, eyes closed and head to one side, enters high. He begins with sustained notes, then recites on a few pitches with dramatic pauses, trilling and bending the notes with occasional rapid passages. The intense feeling resolves in a final song in quick tempo, with applause at the end, interrupted by a fast postlude. More tea is poured, and the music is submerged once more in conversation.

TURKS use a term adapted from the West, klasik Türk müziği (‘classical Turkish music’), as a catch-all for the musical practices and repertoires of the Ottoman Turkish upper classes over six centuries which continue to the present day. An alternate form, Türk sanat müziği (‘Turkish art music’), is also a Western adaptation. Like ‘classical’ and ‘art’ as used in Europe and North America, the terms are intended in part to convey a sense of high status and cultural depth. This chapter will avoid such distracting associations by substituting a different term: Turkish makam music. ‘Makam’ is a word the Turks inherited from the Arabs (maqam), so by using it to describe this music we are instantly linking it to its regional heritage.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Other Classical Musics
Fifteen Great Traditions
, pp. 294 - 319
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2015

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