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Chapter 3 - Pharmacology of Botulinum Toxin Therapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

By
Daniel Truong ,
Frank Xing  and
Mark Hallett
Edited by
Daniel Truong ,
Dirk Dressler ,
Mark Hallett ,
Christopher Zachary  and
Mayank Pathak
Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
University of California, Riverside
Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Hannover Medical School
Mark Hallett
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Christopher Zachary
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Mayank Pathak
Affiliation:
Truong Neuroscience Institute
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Summary

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protins derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Nine serotypes are known; seroptypes A and B have been formulated for clinical use. BoNTs cleave one of the three soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins: vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), or syntaxin. Upon entry into the synaptic terminal, BoNT inhibits the exocytosis of neurotransmitter containing synaptic vesicles. Cliical effects begin developing within a week after injection into skeletal muscle, then wear off after 2–4 months, requiring repeat injection. Neutralizing antibodies may develop, reducing clinical effects. Newer toxin preparations under development are listed in a table.

Keywords

Botuinum neurotoxinserotypeBoNTClostridium botulinumSNARE proteinVAMP proteinStyntaxinneutralizing antibodiesletibotulinumtoxinABotulaxbotulinumtoxinEInnotox
Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy , pp. 13 - 17
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

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