This chapter covers ir from the end of the Cold War to 2017. Like Chapter 3 it is a story of two halves. In the first half, up to 2008, version 1.1 Western GIS reached its peak and the framings of unipolarity and globalisation dominated understanding. In the second half, after 2008, the relative decline of the West became increasingly obvious, and the transition into version 1.2, deep pluralist GIS, began. The core expands, and the periphery shrinks, and ir within the core is increasingly about relations among a set of great powers – Russia, China, Japan, the EU and India – and between them and the US as the declining superpower. At the same time, core and periphery become ever more deeply entangled by a set of shared-fate issues ranging from nuclear proliferation, terrorism and migration; through management of the global economy, environment and cyberspace; to a set of interventions by core powers into periphery conflicts.