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Chapter 2 - “The Mahatma didn't say so, but …”: Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable and the Sympathies of Middle-Class Nationalists

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2013

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Summary

The fires of sunset were blazing on the Western horizon. As Bakha looked at the magnificent orb of terrible brightness glowing on the margin of the sky, he felt a burning sensation within him. His face, which had paled and contracted with thoughts a moment ago, reddened in a curious conflict of despair. He didn't know what to do, where to go. He seemed to have been smothered by the misery, the anguish of the morning's memories. He stood for a while where he had landed from the tree, his head bent, as if he were tired and broken. Then the last words of the Mahatma's speech seemed to resound in his ears: “May God give you the strength to work out your soul's salvation to the end.” “What did that mean?” Bakha asked himself. The Mahatma's face appeared before him enigmatic, ubiquitous. There was no answer to be found in it. Yet there was a queer kind of strength to be derived from it. Bakha recollected the words of the speech.

(Anand 1940, 156)

These words open the final scene of Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable. Bakha, the young untouchable sweeper, puzzles over the contradictory responses he has to his harrowing day (comprising multiple fights with and humiliations from caste Hindus) and the confusing excitement he feels from having heard the Mahatma speak at a rally against untouchability.

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The Mahatma Misunderstood
The Politics and Forms of Literary Nationalism in India
, pp. 29 - 58
Publisher: Anthem Press
Print publication year: 2013

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