Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- List of Illustrations
- 1 ‘Watch Therefore for Ye Knows Not’: Birmingham, 1828–1841
- 2 ‘A Sharp Intelligent Lad’: Macao – Hong Kong – Shanghai – Nanjing, 1841–1842
- 3 ‘Not Sufficient to Satisfy Me’: Zhoushan (Chusan) – Guangzhou (Canton), 1842–1843
- 4 ‘Here I Am Now Perfectly Alone’: Amoy (Xiamen), 1844–1845
- 5 ‘A Continuous Settled Life Has No Charms for Me’: Fuzhou – Shanghai, 1845–1849
- 6 ‘I Saw a Good Deal’: India – Britain, 1849–1851
- 7 ‘I Distinctly Declined to Accede’: Formosa – Guangzhou, 1851–1854
- 8 ‘Hasty Love-making’: Bangkok – London – Bangkok, 1855–1856
- 9 ‘It Is the Cause of the West Against the East’: Guangzhou, 1856–1857
- 10 ‘Never Sparing Himself in Any Way’: Guangzhou, 1857–1860
- 11 ‘The Executioner Stood by with Uplifted Sword’: Beijing, 1860
- 12 ‘I Do Not at All Like Being in a Great Man’s Train’: Nanjing – Hankou (Wuhan) – Shanghai, 1860–1862
- 13 Sir Harry Parkes: Britain, 1862–1864
- 14 ‘The Drudgery of the Service’: Shanghai, 1864–1865
- 15 ‘The Appointment is Particularly Gratifying to Me’: Yokohama, 1865–1866
- 16 ‘The Most Superior Japanese’: Osaka – West Coast – Nagasaki – Mt. Fuji, 1867
- 17 The Meiji Restoration: Osaka – Kyoto – Tokyo, 1868
- 18 ‘We of Course Hope for Improvement’: Tokyo, 1869–1871
- 19 ‘This is Becoming Civilised with a Vengeance: Britain,1871–1873
- 20 ‘I Arrived Too Late’: Tokyo – Britain, 1874–1881
- 21 ‘I Am Deeply Sensible of the Services You Have Rendered’: Tokyo, 1882–1883
- 22 ‘The Last Semi-civilised State’: Seoul, 1883
- 23 ‘I Can Find No Rest’: Beijing, 1884–1885
- Epilogue
- Bibliography
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Index
- The Author
17 - The Meiji Restoration: Osaka – Kyoto – Tokyo, 1868
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2022
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- List of Illustrations
- 1 ‘Watch Therefore for Ye Knows Not’: Birmingham, 1828–1841
- 2 ‘A Sharp Intelligent Lad’: Macao – Hong Kong – Shanghai – Nanjing, 1841–1842
- 3 ‘Not Sufficient to Satisfy Me’: Zhoushan (Chusan) – Guangzhou (Canton), 1842–1843
- 4 ‘Here I Am Now Perfectly Alone’: Amoy (Xiamen), 1844–1845
- 5 ‘A Continuous Settled Life Has No Charms for Me’: Fuzhou – Shanghai, 1845–1849
- 6 ‘I Saw a Good Deal’: India – Britain, 1849–1851
- 7 ‘I Distinctly Declined to Accede’: Formosa – Guangzhou, 1851–1854
- 8 ‘Hasty Love-making’: Bangkok – London – Bangkok, 1855–1856
- 9 ‘It Is the Cause of the West Against the East’: Guangzhou, 1856–1857
- 10 ‘Never Sparing Himself in Any Way’: Guangzhou, 1857–1860
- 11 ‘The Executioner Stood by with Uplifted Sword’: Beijing, 1860
- 12 ‘I Do Not at All Like Being in a Great Man’s Train’: Nanjing – Hankou (Wuhan) – Shanghai, 1860–1862
- 13 Sir Harry Parkes: Britain, 1862–1864
- 14 ‘The Drudgery of the Service’: Shanghai, 1864–1865
- 15 ‘The Appointment is Particularly Gratifying to Me’: Yokohama, 1865–1866
- 16 ‘The Most Superior Japanese’: Osaka – West Coast – Nagasaki – Mt. Fuji, 1867
- 17 The Meiji Restoration: Osaka – Kyoto – Tokyo, 1868
- 18 ‘We of Course Hope for Improvement’: Tokyo, 1869–1871
- 19 ‘This is Becoming Civilised with a Vengeance: Britain,1871–1873
- 20 ‘I Arrived Too Late’: Tokyo – Britain, 1874–1881
- 21 ‘I Am Deeply Sensible of the Services You Have Rendered’: Tokyo, 1882–1883
- 22 ‘The Last Semi-civilised State’: Seoul, 1883
- 23 ‘I Can Find No Rest’: Beijing, 1884–1885
- Epilogue
- Bibliography
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Index
- The Author
Summary
ON 1 JANUARY 2018, the Prime Minister of Japan, Abe Shinzō, declared:
One hundred fifty years ago, a wave of colonial rule was surging into Asia, and the building of a new nation by Meiji-era Japan had its start right alongside that major sense of urgency. To overcome this precarious situation, which should truly be called a national crisis, Japan pressed forward with modernization in a single stroke … The class system that had been in place was abandoned and all Japanese were emancipated from the systems and conventions that had existed until then.
Abe used very broad brushstrokes to paint the history of the overthrow of the Shogunate and the ‘restoration’ of power to the Emperor in 1868. Japan was in no danger of being colonised by a European power, but the presence of Westerners with up-to-date weapons that could have easily overwhelmed its forces had laid bare the nation's weakness. By the standards of other countries, Japan resolved the situation quickly, embarking on a course that would make it a modern, unified, strong nation, capable of defending itself (not to mention becoming a threat to its neighbours).
Although Abe implied that the restoration freed Japan from the threat of Western colonialism, the first big event of 1868 (according to the Western calendar) – on 1 January – further exposed Japan to the West, the ports of Osaka and Kobe being opened to foreign trade, as had been promised. Parkes tended to fixate on issues and this was one that he just would not let go of, regardless of how chaotic the state of the country was. That said, Itō Hirobumi had told Mitford on 20 December 1867 that the opening would go ahead in order to distract Western attention from the machinations in Kyoto. It was nevertheless a big prize: the Kansai area – Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe – was Japan's second biggest population centre and would obviously generate vastly more trade than any of the west coast ports – Niigata, Nanao, Sado, Tsuruga – that Parkes had put so much time and energy into trying to open.
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- Information
- A Life of Sir Harry ParkesBritish Minister to Japan, China and Korea, 1865–1885, pp. 158 - 176Publisher: Amsterdam University PressPrint publication year: 2020