The chapter sets the scene for the subsequent research as it outlines the history of Norway as a nation with a more detailed discussion of the role of education in the construction of national identity. This is contextualised by a discussion of the role of education in the Nordic model introducing social democratic values of equality. This is given detail and depth through the discussion of Bildung, and learning lives – the prevalent educational philosophy in Norway. Recent changes from a Christian white society to a multicultural and cosmopolitan tolerant one are described including consideration of how "otherness" is constructed with reference to immigration policy. A brief summary of how schools and other educational context have responded to social changes is outlined. The Grorund valley (known as Groruddalen) is introduced. It lies to the north east of Oslo and has traditionally been a place of settlement for recent arrivals to the country as well as the sight of considerable social upheaval and change. It is frequently cited as a place of difference in the news and is the object of considerable state investment.