Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T11:58:23.539Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Israel’s Military Rule over Its Palestinian Citizens (1948–1968)

Shaping the Israeli Segregation System

from Part I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2017

Nadim N. Rouhana
Affiliation:
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Israel and its Palestinian Citizens
Ethnic Privileges in the Jewish State
, pp. 103 - 136
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Hashomer Hatza’ir Archives, 3.35.90. December 21, 1964, Simha Flapan, “On the Problems of the Arab Population Today.” In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Israel State Archives (ISA), 2/4219/6405 g, 1965, Transcription of Eshkol’s press announcement, also published in Davar on November 7, 1965. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 3/398l, January 19, 1967, national conference of Special Tasks Department commanders. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 3/3931, 1969, “Acre Area Report.” In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 7/398l, December 16, 1966, Appointment document signed by Yitzhak Rabin. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 11/313l, August 1, 1962, “Area Closure Decrees and Up-to-Date Movement Permits.” In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 11/303l, November 1963, “Movement Reliefs,” Military rule “north” and “center” documents. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 19/358l, N.d.a, Military government reports, North. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 19/358l, N.d.b, Military government reports, South. In HebrewGoogle Scholar
ISA, 20/358l, N.d., Military government reports, Center. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 22/417l, 1968, Four-page reporting form for state. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 173/51, June 29, 1962, Minority teachers. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 233/71, July 4, 1965, To the Northern Area Headquarters and Military Government North from Head of the Latam in the Akko area; Teachers’ hostile expressions. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 233/71, July 19, 1965, Nationalistic activity and expressions by teachers and students. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 310/4l, N.d., Surveillance methods and personal files. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 1085/6304/g, February 25, 1964, Letter, Shaul Avigur to Levi Eshkol. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 1086/6304 g, October 25, 1964, Summary report of the Central Committee meeting. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 1086/6304 g, July 20, 1966. Transcription of Eshkol’s speech to the Knesset on July 20, 1966. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 6304/1085 g, February 22, 1962, Letter, Jewish–Arab Council to Ben-Gurion. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 6304/1085 g, October 29, 1963, Knesset Minutes, Query by Arab Mapam MK Khamis to the Interior Minister. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 6397/3944/1 g, February 18, 1963, Meeting minutes, The Ministers’ Committee for Population Dispersion. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 6397/3944/2/g, July 26, 1964, Photocopy of cabinet decisions. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
ISA, 7230/51/a, November 11, 1964, Summary of the Central Security Committee. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Knesset Minutes, entries listed in text by date of meetings. In HebrewGoogle Scholar
Labor Archives (LA), 2–926-1957–148, 1957, Meeting Minutes, Meeting with Abba Hushi. In Hebrew.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, January 20, 1958, Minutes of the Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, January 30, 1958, Meeting Minutes, Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, February 24, 1959, Meeting Minutes, Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, March 17, 1960, Meeting minutes, Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, May 4, 1962, Meeting Minutes, Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1957-148, June 6, 1968, Meeting Minutes, Mapai Committee for Arab Affairs. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1959, March 2, 1962, “Summary of Committee Meeting.” In Hebrew.Google Scholar
LA, 2-926-1959-18, September 1959, “Recommendations for Dealing with the Arab Minority in Israel.” In Hebrew.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Abu Kishk, Bakir. 1981. “Arab Land and Israeli Policy.” Journal of Palestine Studies (11)1: 124135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Haj, Majd. 1996. Education among Arabs in Israel: Control and Social Change. Jerusalem: Magnes.Google Scholar
al-Haj, Majd and Ben-Eliezer, Uri, eds. 2006. In the Name of Security: The Sociology of Peace and War in Israel in Changing Times. Haifa, Israel: Pardes Publishing House.Google Scholar
Allon, Yigal. 1969. A Screen of Sand. Tel Aviv, Israel: Hakibbutz Hame’uhad. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Amitai, Yosef. 1962. “The Military Government’s Philosophy and its Opposition,” Hedim 70, September 27. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Amitai, Yosef. 1963a. “The Arabs in Israel: The Confused Generation,” Hedim 73, April. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Amitai, Yosef. 1963b. “The Arab Settlement in Israel: Changes and Directions,” Hedim 72, January 28. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ashkenasi, Abraham. 1992. Palestine Identities and Preferences: Israel`s and Jerusalem`s Arabs. London: Praeger.Google Scholar
Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) and Adalah The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel. 2013. Arab Society in Israel: Population, Society, Economy (6). Last Accessed March 28, 2015 (www.vanleer.org.il/en/publication/arab-society-israel-population-society-economy-6-electronic-book). In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Bader, Yohanan. 1959. “Honesty towards the Arab Israeli Citizen,” Herut, May 22. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Bäuml, Yair. 2002. “The Military Government and the Process of Its Revocation, 1958 – 1968.” Hamizrach Hehadash, Vol. Jewish Arab Relations in Israel/Palestine 43: 133156. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Bäuml, Yair. 2007. A Blue and White Shadow. Haifa, Israel: Pardes Publishing House. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Bäuml, Yair. 2009. “Oppression of the Arab Economy in Israel by the Establishment and Subjugation of Its Means of Production to the Jewish Sector, 1958–1967.” Hamizrach Hechadash 48: 101129. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Bäuml, Yair. 2011a. “MAPAI Committee for Arab Affairs – The Steering Committee for Construction of Establishment Policy towards Israeli Arabs, 1958 – 1968.” Middle Eastern Studies 47(2): 413434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bäuml, Yair. 2011b. “Sixty-one Years of Supervised Abandonment: Deciphering the Code of the Israeli Establishment’s Policy towards its Arab Citizens.” In An Abandoning Country – A Supervising Country: Social Policy in Israel 1985–2008, edited by Katz, H. and Tzfadia, E.. Tel Aviv, Israel: Resling Publishing House. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ben Amram, Eliyahu. 1965. “The Arab Population in Israel: A Demographic Description.” Hamizrach Hechadash 15. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ben Eli’ezer, Uri. 2006. “Military Society and Civilian Society in Israel.” Pp. 2976 in In the Name of Security: A Sociology of War and Peace in Israel in a Changing Era, edited by al-Haj, M. and Ben Eli’ezer, U.. Haifa, Israel: Haifa University Publishing and Pardes Publishing. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ben-Porat, Yoram. 1966. The Working Force in Israel. Jerusalem: Moris Falk.Google Scholar
Benziman, Uzi and Mansour, Atalla. 1992. Sub-tenants – The Israeli Arabs, Their Status and the Policy toward Them. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel. 1969. Israel Statistical Yearbook. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.Google Scholar
Cohen, Ra’anan. 1989. The Political Development of Israeli Arabs as Reflected in the Voting in the General Elections (1948–1989). PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University.Google Scholar
Cohen, Ra’anan. 1990. Amongst Complicated Loyalties: Society and Politics in the Arab Sector. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hillel. 2006a. Good Arabs. Jerusalem: Ivrit – Hebrew Publishing House. In HebrewGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Stuart. 2006b. “The Changing Relationship between Society and the Military in Israel.” Pp. 103124 in In the Name of Security: A Sociology of War and Peace in Israel in a Changing Era, edited by al-Haj, M. and Ben Eli’ezer, U.. Haifa, Israel: Haifa University Publishing and Pardes Publishing. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Dayan, Aryeh. 1998. “A Good Muslim,” Ha’aretz, September 11.Google Scholar
Division for External Relations and Resource Development. 2013. “Jewish–Arab Relationship Index 2013,” May 19. Haifa, Israel: University of Haifa. Last accessed March 28, 2015 (http://wordpress.haifa.ac.il/?p=4516).Google Scholar
Falah, Ghazi. 1991a. “How Israel Controls the Bedouin.” Journal of Palestine Studies 20(4).Google Scholar
Falah, Ghazi. 1991b. “Israeli ‘Judaization’ policy in the Galilee.” Journal of Palestine Studies 20(4): 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorny, Joseph. 1979. “Four Initial Approaches to the Arab Problem.” Pp. 5572 in The Dream and Its Realization: Thought and Action in Zionism, edited by Padan, Y.. Tel Aviv, Israel: Ministry of Defense Publishing. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Harris, Ron. 2001. “Jewish Democracy and Arab Politics: The al-Ard Movement in the Supreme Court.” Plilim 10. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Heller, Joseph, ed. 1996. Fighting for the State. Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Center. In HebrewGoogle Scholar
Jabotinsky, Ze’ev. 1923. “The Iron Wall.” Last accessed March 21, 2015 (www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/upl_doc/doc_191207_49117.pdf).Google Scholar
Jiryis, Sabri. 1976. The Arabs in Israel. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Jiryis, Sabri. 1981. “Domination by Law.” Journal of Palestine Studies 11(1): 6792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kafkafi, Eyal. 1988. Lavon: An Anti-Messiah. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am-Oved Publishing. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Kafkafi, Eyal. 1998. “Segregation or Integration of the Israeli Arabs: Two Concepts in Mapai.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 30(3): 347367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanu, Jack. 1992. The Land Problem in the National Conflict between Jews and Arabs (1917–1990). Tel Aviv, Israel: Sifriyat Poalim. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Katzav, Nuzhat. 1998. Sparrows of Peace: With Arab and Druze Women in Israel. Tel Aviv, Israel: Ma’ariv Publishing. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Keiman, Charles. 1984. Following the Disaster: Arabs in the State of Israel 1948–1950. Mahbarot Lemechkar Ulebikoret 10. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Khalidi, Rashid. 1997. Palestinian Identity. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimmerling, Baruch and Migdal, Yoel Shmuel. 1999. Palestinians, A People in the Making. Tel Aviv, Israel: Keter. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Laish, Aharon. 2001. “Tendencies following the Six Day War.” Pp. 241247 in Arabs in Israel: Continuity and Change, edited by Laish, A.. Jerusalem: Magnes.Google Scholar
Landau, Jacob M. 1971. The Arabs in Israel. Tel Aviv, Israel: Ministry of Defense. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Linberg, Ron. 1972. “Entrance of the National Parties into Daliyyat al-Carmel Village.” Medina u-Mimsha, B1. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Lustick, Ian. 1985. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority. Tel Aviv, Israel: Mifras.Google Scholar
Lyn, Amnon. 1999. Before the Storm: Jewish–Arab Relations in Israel, between Hopes and Disappointments. Tel Aviv, Israel: Kami. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Mahsan, Sabri. 1973. “The Legal Status of Israel’s Arabs.” Iyunei Mishpat 3(2): 571. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel. 1961. The Arabs in Israel. Jerusalem: Government Information Department.Google Scholar
Ministry of Justice. 2003. “State Commission of Inquiry into the Clashes between the Trenches’ Security Forces and Israeli Citizens in October 2000.” Last accessed March 21, 2015 (http://elyon1.court.gov.il/heb/veadot/or/inside_index.htm). In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1991. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem: 1947–1949. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, Sarah. 1998. “Security and Israel’s Arab Minority.” P. 354 in Security Concerns: Insights from the Israeli Experience, edited by Bar-Tal, D., Jacobson, D. and Klieman, A.. London: JAI Press Inc.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, Sarah. 2000a. “A Conspiracy in October: The Sinai Campaign and the Kufr Qassem Affair as Seen by the Arabs in Israel.” Ya’hdut Zmanenu 4: 105122. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, Sarah. 2000b. “From a Hebrew Histadrut to an Israeli Histadrut: The Integration of Arabs into the Organization, 1948–1966.” Studies in Israel’s Revival 10: 381419. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, Sarah. 2002. “The Military Government as a Mechanism of Control of the Arab Citizens in Israel: The First Decade, 1948 – 1958.” Hamizrach Hehadash 43: 103132. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Pappé, Ilan, 2006. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oxford, UK: Oneworld.Google Scholar
Peretz, Don. 1968. “Israel’s New Arab Dilemma.” The Middle East Journal 22(1): 4557.Google Scholar
Rechess, Eli. 2001. “The Educated.” Pp. 180196 in Arabs in Israel: Continuity and Change, edited by Laish, A.. Jerusalem: Magnes. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, Henry. 2001. “Change, Barriers for Change and Contradictions in the Village-Based Family.” Pp. 76103 in Arabs in Israel: Continuity and Change, edited by Laish, A.. Jerusalem: Magnes. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rosental, Ruvik. 1991. Special investigation, Hadashot, October 25. In Hebrew.Google Scholar
Schiff, Ze’ev. 1962. “The Pros and Cons of the Military Government.” New Outlook 5(3): 66.Google Scholar
Shlaim, Avi. 2000. The Iron Wall. London: W.W Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Smooha, Sammy. 1982. “Existing and Alternative Policy toward the Arabs in Israel.” Racial Studies 5: 7198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stendel, Ori. 1992. Israel’s Arabs: Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Jerusalem: Academon.Google Scholar
Steiner, Talya. 2013. Combating Discrimination against Arabs in the Israeli Workforce. Jerusalem: The Israel Democracy Institute. Last accessed February 13, 2015 (www.kotar.co.il/kotarapp/index/Book.aspx?nBookID=99223551).Google Scholar
Touma, Emile. 1985. “The Political Coming-of-age of the National Minority.” Journal of Palestine Studies 14(2): 7483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zureik, Elia T. 1979. The Palestinians in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×