Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T10:21:53.212Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Interdependence, Goal Pursuit, and Person Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Laura V. Machia
Affiliation:
Syracuse University, New York
Christopher R. Agnew
Affiliation:
Purdue University, Indiana
Ximena B. Arriaga
Affiliation:
Purdue University, Indiana
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Agnew, C. R. (Ed.) (2014). Social Influences on Romantic Relationships: Beyond the Dyad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 939954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aron, A. & Aron, E. N. (1997). Self-expansion motivation and including other in the self. In Duck, S. (Ed.), Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research and Interventions (pp. 251270). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aron, A., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., Mashek, D., & Aron, E. N. (2013). The self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships. In Simpson, J. A. & Campbell, L. (Eds.), Oxford Library of Psychology. The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships (pp. 90115). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Aron, E. N. & Aron, A. (1996). Love and the expansion of the self: The state of the model. Personal Relationships, 3, 4558.Google Scholar
Arriaga, X. B., Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J., VanderDrift, L. E., & Luchies, L. B. (2014). Filling the void: Bolstering attachment security in committed relationships. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5, 398406.Google Scholar
Arriaga, X. B., Kumashiro, M., Simpson, J. A., & Overall, N. C. (2018). Revising working models across time: Relationship situations that enhance attachment security. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22, 7196.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F. & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 953961.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Brunell, A. B., Kernis, M. H., Goldman, B. M., Heppner, W., Davis, P., Cascio, E. V., & Webster, G. D. (2010). Dispositional authenticity and romantic relationship functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 900905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantazaro, A. & Wei, M. (2010). Adult attachment, dependence, self-criticism, and depressive symptoms: A test of a mediational model. Journal of Personality, 78, 11351162.Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 78106.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: Evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 363383.Google Scholar
Copen, C. E., Daniels, K., Vespa, J., & Mosher, W. D. (2012). First marriages in the United States: Data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Reports. Number 49. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships Motivation Theory. In Weinstein, N. (Ed.), Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships (pp. 5373). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Don, B. P. & Hammond, M. D. (2017). Social support in intimate relationships: The role of relationship autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 11121124.Google Scholar
Feeney, B. C. (2004). A secure base: Responsive support of goal strivings and exploration in adult intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 631648.Google Scholar
Feeney, B. C. (2007). The dependency paradox in close relationships: Accepting dependence promotes independence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 268285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feeney, B. C. & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19, 113147.Google Scholar
Feeney, B. C. & Thrush, R. L. (2010). Relationship influences on exploration in adulthood: The characteristics and function of a secure base. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 5776.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. J. & Campbell, W. K. (2001). Self-control and accommodation in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 263277.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. J. & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2011). The effects of social relationships on self-regulation. In Vohs, K. D. & Baumeister, R. F. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications (pp. 390406). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. J., Hui, C. M., Carswell, K. L., & Larson, G. M. (2014). The suffocation of marriage: Climbing Mount Maslow without enough oxygen. Psychological Inquiry, 25, 141.Google Scholar
Fivecoat, H. C., Tomlinson, J. M., Aron, A., & Caprariello, P. A. (2015). Partner support for individual self-expansion opportunities: Effects on relationship satisfaction in long-term couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32, 368385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freud, S. (1920). A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. New York: Horace Liveright.Google Scholar
Girme, Y. U., Overall, N. C., & Faingataa, S. (2014). “Date nights” take two: The maintenance function of shared relationship activities. Personal Relationships, 21, 125149.Google Scholar
Girme, Y. U., Overall, N. C, Faingataa, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2016). Happily single: The link between relationship status and wellbeing depends on avoidance and approach social goals. Social Personality and Psychological Science, 7, 122130.Google Scholar
Girme, Y. U., Overall, N. C., & Hammond, M. D. (2019). Facilitating autonomy in interdependent relationships: Invisible support facilitates highly avoidant individuals’ autonomy. Journal of Family Psychology, 33, 154165.Google Scholar
Girme, Y. U., Overall, N. C., Simpson, J. A., & Fletcher, G. O. (2015). “All or nothing”: Attachment avoidance and the curvilinear effects of partner support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 450475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottman, J. M. (1994). What Predicts Divorce? The Relationship between Marital Processes and Marital Outcomes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar
Hadden, B. W., Rodriguez, L. M., Knee, C. R., DiBello, A. M., & Baker, Z. G. (2016). An actor–partner interdependence model of attachment and need fulfillment in romantic dyads. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7, 349357.Google Scholar
Hadden, B. W. & Smith, C. V. (2019). I gotta say, today was a good (and meaningful) day: Daily meaning in life as a potential basic psychological need. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 185202.Google Scholar
Hadden, B. W., Smith, C. V., & Webster, G. D. (2014). Relationship duration moderates associations between attachment and relationship quality: Meta-analytic support for the temporal adult romantic attachment model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18, 4258.Google Scholar
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heintzelman, S. J. & King, L. A. (2014). Life is pretty meaningful. American Psychologist, 69, 561574.Google Scholar
Heppner, W. L., Kernis, M. H., Nezlek, J. B., Foster, J., Lakey, C. E., & Goldman, B. M. (2008). Within-person relationships among daily self-esteem, need satisfaction, and authenticity. Psychological Science, 19, 11401145.Google Scholar
Hodgins, H. S. & Knee, C. R. (2002). The integrating self and conscious experience. In Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Determination Research (pp. 87100). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Impett, E. A., Kogan, A., English, T., John, O., Oveis, C., Gordon, A. M., & Keltner, D. (2012). Suppression sours sacrifice: Emotional and relational costs of suppressing emotions in romantic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 707720.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. J. & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 967980.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory of Interdependence. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Knee, C. R., Hadden, B. W., & Baker, Z. (2016). Optimal relationships as mutual fulfillment of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs. In Knee, C. R. & Reis, H. T. (Eds.), Positive Approaches to Optimal Relationship Development (pp. 3055). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knee, C. R., Hadden, B. W., Porter, B., & Rodriguez, L. M. (2013). Self-determination theory and romantic relationship processes. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17, 307324.Google Scholar
Knee, C. R., Lonsbary, C., Canevello, A., & Patrick, H. (2005). Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 9971009.Google Scholar
Knee, R. C. & Reis, H. T. (Eds.) (2016). Positive Approaches to Optimal Relationship Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kumashiro, M., Rusbult, C. E., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Navigating personal and relational concerns: The quest for equilibrium. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 94110.Google Scholar
La Guardia, J. G. & Patrick, H. (2008). Self-determination theory as a fundamental theory of close relationships. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49, 201209.Google Scholar
La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 367384.Google Scholar
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Rovine, M. J. (2005). The interpersonal process model of intimacy in marriage: A daily-diary and multilevel modeling approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 314323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurenceau, J.-P., Rivera, L. M., Schaffer, A. R., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (2004). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: Current status and future directions. In Mashek, D. J. & Aron, A. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy (pp. 6178). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Luchies, L. B., Finkel, E. J., McNulty, J. K., & Kumashiro, M. (2010). The doormat effect: When forgiving erodes self-respect and self-concept clarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 734749.Google Scholar
Marigold, D. C., Holmes, J. G., & Ross, M. (2007). More than words: Reframing compliments from romantic partners fosters security in low self-esteem individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 232248.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. Oxford: Harpers.Google Scholar
McDougall, W. (1908). An Introduction to Social Psychology. New York: Methuen.Google Scholar
Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (2015). The psychological effects of the contextual activation of security-enhancing mental representations in adulthood. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 1821.Google Scholar
Morton, T. L. (1978). Intimacy and reciprocity of exchange: A comparison of spouses and strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 7281.Google Scholar
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2000). Self-esteem and the quest for felt security: How perceived regard regulates attachment processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 478498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orehek, E. & Forest, A. L. (2016). When people serve as means to goals: Implications of a motivational account of close relationships. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25, 7984.Google Scholar
Orehek, E., Forest, A. L., & Wingrove, S. (2018). People as means to multiple goals: Implications for interpersonal relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44, 14871501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2009). Regulating partners in intimate relationships: The costs and benefits of different communication strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 620639.Google Scholar
Overall, N. C. & Simpson, J. A. (2015). Attachment and dyadic regulation processes. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 6166.Google Scholar
Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 434457.Google Scholar
Pronk, T. M., Karremans, J. C., Overbeek, G., Vermulst, A. A., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2010). What it takes to forgive: When and why executive functioning facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 119131.Google Scholar
Ren, D., Arriaga, X. B., & Mahan, E. R. (2017). Attachment insecurity and perceived importance of relational features. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34, 446466.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Patrick, B. C. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes. In Higgins, E. T. & Kruglanski, A. W. (Eds.), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 523563). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In Duck, S., Hay, D. F., Hobfoll, S. E., Ickes, W., & Montgomery, B. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research and Interventions (pp. 367389). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419435.Google Scholar
Righetti, F. & Impett, E. (2017). Sacrifice in close relationships: Motives, emotions, and relationship outcomes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11, e12342Google Scholar
Ritter, S. M., Karremans, J. C., & van Schie, H. T. (2010). The role of self-regulation in derogating attractive alternatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 631637.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Agnew, C. R. (2010). Prosocial motivation and behavior in close relationships. In Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Prosocial Motives, Emotions, and Behavior: The Better Angels of Our Nature (pp. 327345). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175204.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., & Verette, J. (1994). The investment model: An interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance phenomena. In Canary, D. J. & Stafford, L. (Eds.), Communication and Relational Maintenance (pp. 115139). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1996). Interdependence processes. In Higgins, E. T. & Kruglanski, A. W. (Eds.), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 564596). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991). Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 5378.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 95122.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 6878.Google Scholar
Sarkisian, N. & Gerstel, N. (2016). Does singlehood isolate or integrate? Examining the link between marital status and ties to kin, friends, and neighbors. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33, 361384.Google Scholar
Shaver, P. R., Schachner, D. A., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). Attachment style, excessive reassurance seeking, relationship processes, and depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 343359.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971980.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A. & Overall, N. C. (2014). Partner buffering of attachment insecurity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 5459.Google Scholar
Stanton, S. C. E., Campbell, L., & Pink, J. C. (2017). Benefits of positive relationship experiences for avoidantly attached individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 568588.Google Scholar
Stein, P. J. (1975). Singlehood: An alternative to marriage. The Family Coordinator, 24, 489503.Google Scholar
Tan, K., Agnew, C. R., & Hadden, B. W. (2020). Seeking and ensuring interdependence: Desiring commitment and the strategic initiation and maintenance of close relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46, 3650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, R., Overall, N. C., & Taylor, J. K. (2012). Let’s talk about us: Attachment, relationship‐focused disclosure, and relationship quality. Personal Relationships, 19, 521534.Google Scholar
Thibaut, J. W. & Kelly, H. H. (1959). The Social Psychology of Groups. Oxford: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Uysal, A., Lin, H. L., & Knee, C. R. (2010). The role of need satisfaction in self-concealment and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 187199.Google Scholar
Van Lange, P. A. M. & Rusbult, C. E. (2012). Interdependence theory. In Van Lange, P. A. M., Kruglanski, A. W., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 251272). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781446249222.n39Google Scholar
Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 13731395.Google Scholar
VanderDrift, L. E. & Agnew, C. R. (2012). Need fulfillment and stay–leave behavior: On the diagnosticity of personal and relational needs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29, 228245.Google Scholar
Visserman, M. L., Righetti, F., Kumashiro, M., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2017). Me or us? Self-control promotes a healthy balance between personal and relationship concerns. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8, 5565.Google Scholar
Wang, H. & Abbott, D. A. (2013). Waiting for Mr. Right: The meaning of being a single educated Chinese female over 30 in Beijing and Guangzhou. Women’s Studies International Forum, 40, 222229.Google Scholar
Xu, X., Lewandowski, G. W., & Aron, A. (2016). The self-expansion model and optimal relationship development. In Knee, C. R. & Reis, H. T. (Eds.), Positive Approaches to Optimal Relationship Development (pp. 79100). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

References

Arriaga, X. B. & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Being committed: Affective, cognitive, and conative components of relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 11901203.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977a). Social Learning Theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977b). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191215.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Vicarious reinforcement and imitative learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 601607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsement of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In Wyer, J. R. S. & Srull, T. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition (2nd ed., pp. 140). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Batson, C. D. & Powell, A. A. (2003). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In Millon, T. & Lerner, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology: Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 463484). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F. & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497529.Google Scholar
Bekker, M. H., Bachrach, N., & Croon, M. A. (2007). The relationships of antisocial behavior with attachment styles, autonomy‐connectedness, and alexithymia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 507527.Google Scholar
Berscheid, E. & Walster, E. (1978). Interpersonal Attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Buunk, B. P. & Schaufeli, W. B. (1999). Reciprocity in interpersonal relationships: An evolutionary perspective on its importance for health and well-being. European Review of Social Psychology, 10, 259291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 78106.Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal goals, others’ regard for the self, and self‐esteem: The paradoxical consequences of self‐image and compassionate goals. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 422434.Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2015). How self‐image and compassionate goals shape intrapsychic experiences. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9, 620629.Google Scholar
Chen, S., Shechter, D. & Chaiken, S. (1996). Getting at the truth or getting along: Accuracy-versus impression-motivated heuristic and systematic processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 262275.Google Scholar
Cialdini, R. B., Baumann, D. J., & Kenrick, D. T. (1981). Insights from sadness: A three-step model of the development of altruism as hedonism. Developmental Review, 1, 207223.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., Dubash, P., & Mills, J. (1998). Interest in another’s consideration of one’s needs in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 246264.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Willingness to express emotion: The impact of relationship type, communal orientation, and their interaction. Personal Relationships, 12, 169180.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Lemay, E. P. Jr. (2010). Close relationships. In Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (5th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 898940). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Mills, J. R. (2011). A theory of communal (and exchange) relationships. In Lange, P. A. M. V., Kruglanski, A. W., & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 232250). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 10531073.Google Scholar
Condon, J. W. & Crano, W. D. (1988). Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 789797.Google Scholar
Corcoran, K. O. C. & Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Adult attachment, self‐efficacy, perspective taking, and conflict resolution. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78, 473483.Google Scholar
Crocker, J. & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 555575.Google Scholar
Crocker, J., Canevello, A., & Brown, A. A. (2017). Social motivation: Costs and benefits of selfishness and otherishness. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 299325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drigotas, S. M., Safstrom, C. A., & Gentilia, T. (1999). An investment model prediction of dating infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 509524.Google Scholar
Duarte, J. & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). Focusing on self or others has different consequences for psychological well-being: A longitudinal study of the effects of distinct interpersonal goals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34, 809825.Google Scholar
Eccles, J. S. & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109132.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, M. F., Robertson, M., & Pringle, J. (2012). Attachment style and marital commitment in the context of remarriage. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 53, 204219.Google Scholar
Erickson, T. M., Granillo, M. T., Crocker, J., Abelson, J. L., Reas, H. E., & Quach, C. M. (2018). Compassionate and self‐image goals as interpersonal maintenance factors in clinical depression and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psycholology, 74, 608625.Google Scholar
Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Hanrahan, M. (1994). Assessing adult attachment. In Sperling, M. B. & Berman, W. H. (Eds.), Attachment in Adults: Clinical and Developmental Perspectives (pp. 128152). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 956974.Google Scholar
Fitzsimons, G. M., Finkel, E. J., & Vandellen, M. R. (2015). Transactive goal dynamics. Psychological Review, 122, 648673.Google Scholar
Fossati, A., Feeney, J. A., Donati, D., Donini, M., Novella, L., Bagnato, M., … Maffei, C. (2003). On the dimensionality of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in Italian clinical and nonclinical participants. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 5579.Google Scholar
Gagne, F. M. & Lydon, J. E. (2001). Mindset and relationship illusions: The moderating effects of domain specificity and relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 11441155.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Oxford: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. A. (1996). Impact of ingratiation on judgments and evaluations: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 5470.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161178.Google Scholar
Hackenbracht, J. & Tamir, M. (2010). Preferences for sadness when eliciting help: Instrumental motives in sadness regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 306315.Google Scholar
Hadden, B. W. & Knee, C. R. (2015). Who am I in it for? Interpersonal goals and secure base support. Self and Identity, 14, 675691.Google Scholar
Hamby, S. L. (1996). The dominance scale: Preliminary psychometric properties. Violence and Victims, 11, 199212.Google Scholar
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., … Stein, M. B. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: Perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 13031325.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. J. & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 967980.Google Scholar
Jones, E. E. (1964). Ingratiation. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., & Wilkinson, R. (2010). Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 749780.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory of Interdependence. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1985). Self-interest, science, and cynicism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 3, 2632.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kenny, D. A. & la Voie, L. (1982). Reciprocity of interpersonal attraction: A confirmed hypothesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45, 5458.Google Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 331378.Google Scholar
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480498.Google Scholar
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner prosocialness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 12381251.Google Scholar
Le, B. M., Impett, E. A., Lemay, E. P. Jr, Muise, A., & Tskhay, K. O. (2018). Communal motivation and well-being in interpersonal relationships: An integrative review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 144, 125.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. (1994). Self-Presentation: Impression Management and Interpersonal Behavior. Dubusque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In Zanna, M. P. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 162). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. & Clark, M. S. (2015). Motivated cognition in relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 7275.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. Jr., Clark, M. S., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Projection of prosocialness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 834853.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. Jr. & Dudley, K. L. (2011). Caution: Fragile! Regulating the interpersonal security of chronically insecure partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 681702.Google Scholar
Lopez, F. G. & Rice, K. G. (2006). Preliminary development and validation of a measure of relationship authenticity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 362371.Google Scholar
Lydon, J. E., Jamieson, D. W., & Holmes, J. G. (1997). The meaning of social interactions in the transition from acquaintanceship to friendship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 536548.Google Scholar
Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S. B., Antony, M. M., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., & Hartling, N. (2012). Caught in a bad romance: Perfectionism, conflict, and depression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 215225.Google Scholar
Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 448452.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641666.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (1996). The benefits of positive illusions: Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 7998.Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2000). Self-esteem and the quest for felt security: How perceived regard regulates attachment processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 478498.Google Scholar
Prot, S., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., Suzuki, K., Swing, E., Lim, K. M., … Liuqing, W. (2014). Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior. Psychological Science, 25, 358368.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Arriaga, X. B. (2015). Interdependence theory and related theories. In Gawronski, B. & Bodenhausen, G. (Eds.), Theory and Explanation in Social Psychology (pp. 305327). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner prosocialness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In Mashek, D. J. & Aron, A. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy (pp. 201225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101117.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175204.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Van Lange, P. A. M., Wildschut, T., Yovetich, N. A., & Verette, J. (2000). Perceived superiority in close relationships: Why it exists and persists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 521545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rusbult, C. E., Martz, J. M., & Agnew, C. R. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357391.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Van Lange, P. A. (2003). Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351375.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991). Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 5378.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D., & Zuroff, D. C. (2016). Negative affective reaction to partner’s dominant behavior influences satisfaction with romantic relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34, 13241346.Google Scholar
Schlenker, B. R. (2003). Self-presentation. In Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 492518). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Swann, W. B. Jr., Bosson, J. K., & Pelham, B. W. (2002). Different partners, different selves: Strategic verification of circumscribed identities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 12151228.Google Scholar
Tice, D. M., Butler, J. L., Muraven, M. B., & Stillwell, A. M. (1995). When modesty prevails: Differential favorability of self-presentation to friends and strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 11201138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 13731395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yovetich, N. A. & Rusbult, C. E. (1994). Accommodative behavior in close relationships: Exploring transformation of motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 138164.Google Scholar

References

Acevedo, B. P. & Aron, A. (2009). Does a long-term relationship kill romantic love? Review of General Psychology, 13, 5965.Google Scholar
Agnew, C. R. & Le, B. (2015). Prosocial behavior in close relationships: An interdependence approach. In Schroeder, D. A. & Graziano, W. G. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior (pp. 362375). New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.021Google Scholar
Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 939954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aron, A. & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the Expansion of Self: Understanding Attraction and Satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596612.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241253.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., Mashek, D., & Aron, E. N. (2013). The self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships. In Simpson, J. A. & Campbell, L. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships (pp. 90105). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Norman, C. C., & Aron, E. N. (1998). The self-expansion model and motivation. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 22, 113.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Norman, C. C., Aron, E. N., McKenna, C., & Heyman, R. E. (2000). Couples’ shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 273284.Google Scholar
Aron, A., Paris, M., & Aron, E. N. (1995). Falling in love: Prospective studies of self-concept change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 11021112.Google Scholar
Bühler, J. L., Weidmann, R., Kumashiro, M., & Grob, A. (2019). Does Michelangelo care about age? An adult life-span perspective on the Michelangelo phenomenon. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(4), 13921412.Google Scholar
Burnette, J. L., O’Boyle, E. H., VanEpps, E. M., Pollack, J. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2013). Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 655701.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D, Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehmann, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 141156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carson, J. W., Carson, K. M., Gil, K. M., & Baucom, D. H. (2007). Self-expansion as a mediator of relationship improvements in a mindfulness intervention. Journal of Marriage and Family Therapy, 33, 517528.Google Scholar
Cheung, E. O. & Gardner, W. L. (2016). With a little help from my friends: Understanding how social networks influence the pursuit of the ideal self. Self and Identity, 15, 662682.Google Scholar
Cloutier, A. & Peetz, J. (2017). People, they are a changin’: The links between anticipating change and romantic relationship quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34, 676698.Google Scholar
Coulter, K. & Malouff, J. M. (2013). Effects of an intervention designed to enhance romantic relationship excitement: A randomized-control trial. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 2, 3444.Google Scholar
Dailey, R. M., Pfiester, A., Jin, B., Beck, G., & Clark, G. (2009). On-again/off-again dating relationships: How are they different from other dating relationships? Personal Relationships, 16, 2347.Google Scholar
DiDonato, T. E. & Krueger, J. I. (2010). Interpersonal affirmation and self-authenticity: A test of Rogers’s self-growth hypothesis. Self and Identity, 9, 322336.Google Scholar
Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 545560.Google Scholar
Drigotas, S. M., Rusbult, C. E., Wieselquist, J., & Whitton, S. W. (1999). Close partner as sculptor of the ideal self: Behavioral affirmation and the Michelangelo phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 293323.Google Scholar
Dys-Steenbergen, O., Wright, S. C., & Aron, A. (2016). Self-expansion motivation improves cross-group interactions and enhances self-growth. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 19, 6071.Google Scholar
Emery, L. F., Gardner, W. L., Finkel, E. J., & Carswell, K. L. (2018). “You’ve changed”: Low self-concept clarity predicts lack of support for partner change. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44, 318331.Google Scholar
Emery, L. F., Walsh, C., & Slotter, E. B. (2015). Knowing who you are and adding to it: Reduced self-concept clarity predicts reduced self-expansion. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 259266.Google Scholar
Fivecoat, H. C., Tomlinson, J. M., Aron, A., & Caprariello, P. A. (2015). Partner support for individual self-expansion opportunities: Effects on relationship satisfaction in long-term couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32, 368385.Google Scholar
Franiuk, R., Cohen, D., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2002). Implicit theories of relationships: Implications for relationship satisfaction and longevity. Personal Relationships, 9, 345367.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M., McClelland, S. I., & Dettmann, M. (2017). Sexual closeness discrepancies: What they are and why they matter for sexual well-being in romantic relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 23532364.Google Scholar
Frye, N. E. (2018). “Let’s do what together?!” Shared activity perceptions and relationship closeness. Leisure Sciences, 40, 374386.Google Scholar
Girme, Y. U., Overall, N. C., & Faingataa, S. (2014). “Date nights” take two: The maintenance function of shared relationship activities. Personal Relationships, 21, 125149.Google Scholar
Gordon, C. L. & Luo, S. (2011). The Personal Expansion Questionnaire: Measuring one’s tendency to expand through novelty and augmentation. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 8994.Google Scholar
Graham, J. M. (2008). Self-expansion and flow in couples’ momentary experiences: An experience sampling study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 679694.Google Scholar
Graham, J. M. & Harf, M. R. (2015). Self-expansion and flow: The roles of challenge, skill, affect, and activation. Personal Relationships, 22, 4564.Google Scholar
Harasymchuk, C., Cloutier, A., Peetz, J., & Lebreton, J. (2017). Spicing up the relationship? The effects of relational boredom on shared activities. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34, 833854.Google Scholar
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Social Psychology, 30, 146.Google Scholar
Hilaire, N. M. (2013). Self-expansion motivation and romantic liking in relationship initiation (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/59/Google Scholar
Jakubiak, B. K. & Tomlinson, J. M. (in press). The role of social support in promoting self-development. In Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (Eds.), Interpersonal Relationships and the Self-Concept. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory of Interdependence. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ketay, S. & Beck, L. A. (2017). Attachment predicts cortisol response and closeness in dyadic social interaction. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 80, 114121.Google Scholar
Ketay, S., Beck, L. A., Riela, S., Bailey, C., & Aron, A. (2019). Seeing you in me: Preliminary evidence for perceptual overlap between self and close others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 24742486. doi:10.1177/0265407518788702.Google Scholar
Ketay, S., Welker, K. M., Beck, L. A., Thorson, K. R., & Slatcher, R. B. (2019). Social anxiety, cortisol, and early-stage friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 19541974. doi:10.1177/0265407518774915Google Scholar
Ketay, S., Welker, K. M., & Slatcher, R. B. (2017). The roles of testosterone and cortisol in friendship formation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 76, 8896.Google Scholar
Knee, C. R. (1998). Implicit theories of relationships: Assessment and prediction of romantic relationship initiation, coping, and longevity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 360370.Google Scholar
Knee, C. R., Patrick, H., & Lonsbary, C. (2003). Implicit theories of relationships: Orientations toward evaluation and cultivation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 4155.Google Scholar
Le, B., Dove, N. L., Agnew, C. R., Korn, M. S., & Mutso, A. A. (2010). Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution: A meta-analytic synthesis. Personal Relationships, 17, 377390.Google Scholar
Ledbetter, A. M., Stassen-Ferrara, H. M., & Dowd, M. M. (2013). Comparing equity and self-expansion theory approaches to relationship maintenance. Personal Relationships, 20, 3851.Google Scholar
Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. & Ackerman, R. A. (2006). Something’s missing: Need fulfillment and self-expansion as predictors of susceptibility to infidelity. Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 389403.Google Scholar
Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. & Aron, A. P. (2004). Distinguishing arousal from novelty and challenge in initial romantic attraction. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32, 361372.Google Scholar
Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Acri, L. (2016). That’s what friends are for: Self-expansion’s role in friendship. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., Nardone, N., & Raines, A. J. (2010). The role of self-concept clarity in relationship quality. Self and Identity, 9, 416433.Google Scholar
Lodi-Smith, J. & DeMarree, K. G. (Eds.). (2017). Self-Concept Clarity: Perspectives on Assessment, Research, and Applications. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A. & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2013a). An expanded self is a more capable self: The association between self-concept size and self-efficacy. Self and Identity, 12, 621634.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A. & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2013b). The power of one: Benefits of individual self-expansion. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 1222.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A. & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2014). Broadening horizons: Self-expansion in relational and non-relational contexts. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8, 3040.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A., Lewandowski, G. W Jr., & McIntyre, K. P. (2014). “You make me a better/worse person”: A two-dimensional model of relationship self-change. Personal Relationships, 21, 176190.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A. & McIntyre, K. P. (2018, July). Authentically Us: Relational Self-Change Mediates the Association Between Self-Knowledge and Relationship Quality. Presentation at the 2018 International Association for Relationship Research Conference, Fort Collins, CO.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., Knee, C. R., & Loving, T. J. (2019). Implicit theories of relationships and self-expansion: Implications for relationship functioning. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 15791599.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2012). Approach motivation and the expansion of self in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 19, 113127.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (Eds.) (in press) Interpersonal Relationships and the Self-Concept. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.Google Scholar
Mattingly, B. A., McIntyre, K. P., & Selterman, D. F. (2018). Individual differences and romantic relationships: Bidirectional influences on self and relational processes. In Zeigler-Hill, V. and Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences: Volume 2. Origins of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 402430). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Maxwell, J. A., Muise, A., MacDonald, G., Day, L C., Rosen, N. O., & Impett, E. A. (2017). How implicit theories of sexuality shape sexual and relationship well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 238279.Google Scholar
McIntyre, K. P., Mattingly, B. A., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2015). When “we” changes “me”: The two-dimensional model of relational self-change and relationship outcomes. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32, 857878.Google Scholar
McIntyre, K. P., Mattingly, B. A., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2017). Self-concept clarity and romantic relationships. In Lodi-Smith, J. & DeMarree, K. (Eds.), Self-Concept Clarity: Perspectives on Assessment, Research, and Applications (pp. 107124). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
McIntyre, K. P., Mattingly, B. A., & Lewandowski, G. W. Jr. (2018). Self-expansion and basic psychological needs. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Muise, A., Harasymchuk, C., Day, L. C., Bacev-Giles, C., Gere, J., & Impett, E. A. (2019). Broadening your horizons: Self-expanding activities promote desire and satisfaction in established romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116, 237258.Google Scholar
Nardone, N., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., & Le, B. (2008, February). The Relation of Self-Expansion to Well-Being and Relationship Quality. Presentation at the 2008 annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Albuquerque, NM.Google Scholar
Reissman, C., Aron, A., & Bergen, M. R. (1993). Shared activities and marital satisfaction: Causal directions and self-expansion versus boredom. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 243254.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Van Lange, P. A. M., Wildschut, T., Yovetich, N. A., & Verette, J. (2000). Perceived superiority in close relationships: Why it exists and persists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 521545.Google Scholar
Sheets, V. L. (2014). Passion for life: Self-expansion and passionate love across the lifespan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31, 958974.Google Scholar
Shukusky, J., McIntyre, K. P., & Mattingly, B. A. (2017, November). Those Who Play Together, Stay Together: Self-Expansion Predicts Sexual Satisfaction. Presentation at the 2017 annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar
Slotter, E. B. & Gardner, W. L. (2012). How needing you changes me: The influence of attachment anxiety on self-concept malleability in romantic relationships. Self and Identity, 11, 386408.Google Scholar
Strong, G. & Aron, A. (2006). The effect of shared participation in novel and challenging activities on experienced relationship quality: Is it mediated by high positive affect? In Vohs, K. D. & Finkel, E. J. (Eds.), Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes (pp. 342359). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. M. & Feeney, B. C. (2016). Helping Each Other Grow: Benefits of Partner Support for Self-Expansion in Retirement. Poster presented at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. M., Hughes, E. K., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., Aron, A., & Geyer, R. (2019). Do shared self-expanding activities have to be physically arousing? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 27812801.Google Scholar
Tsapelas, I., Aron, A., & Orbuch, T. (2009). Marital boredom now predicts less satisfaction 9 years later. Psychological Science, 20, 543545.Google Scholar
VanderDrift, L. E., Lewandowski, G. W. Jr., & Agnew, C. R. (2011). Reduced self-expansion in current romance and interest in relationship alternatives. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 356373.Google Scholar
Walker, D. & Harasymchuk, C. (2017, June). Plan a Date! Self-Expanding Relationship Activities and the Role of Approach Relationship Goals. Presentation at the 2017 International Association for Relationship Research Mini-Conference, Syracuse, NY.Google Scholar
Xu, X., Floyd, A. H. L., Westmaas, J. L., & Aron, A. (2010). Self-expansion and smoking abstinence. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 295301.Google Scholar
Xu, X., Leahey, T. M., Boguszewski, K., Krupel, K., Kent, K. A., & Wing, R. R. (2017). Self-expansion is associated with better adherence and behavioral weight loss in adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, 1317.Google Scholar

References

Arriaga, X. B. (2013). An interdependence theory analysis of close relationships. In Simpson, J. A. & Campbell, L. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships (pp. 3965). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, M. W. (1992). Relational schemas and the processing of social information. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 461484. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.461Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 144. doi:10.1111/1529-1006.01431Google Scholar
Birnbaum, G. E. & Reis, H. T. (2012). When does responsiveness pique sexual interest? Attachment and sexual desire in initial acquaintanceships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 946958. doi:10.1177/0146167212441028Google Scholar
Britton, M., Hadad, S., & Derrick, J. L. (2019). Perceived partner responsiveness predicts smoking cessation in single-smoker couples. Addictive Behaviors, 88, 122128. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.026Google Scholar
Cameron, J. J., Holmes, J. G., & Vorauer, J. D. (2009). When self-disclosure goes awry: Negative consequences of revealing personal failures for lower self-esteem individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 217222. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.009Google Scholar
Cameron, J. J., Stinson, D. A., Gaetz, R., & Balchen, S. (2010). Acceptance is in the eye of the beholder: Self-esteem and motivated perceptions of acceptance from the opposite sex. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 513529. doi:10.1111/1529-1006.01431Google Scholar
Canevello, A. & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 78106. doi:10.1037/a0018186Google Scholar
Carmichael, C. L., Tsai, F.-F., Smith, S. M., Caprariello, P. A., & Reis, H. T. (2007). The self and intimate relationships. In Sedikides, C. & Spencer, S. (Eds.), The Self (pp. 285309). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Lemay, E. P. (2010). Close relationships. In Fiske, S. T. & Gilbert, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 898940). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 10531073. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: Evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 363383. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.363Google Scholar
Collins, N. L. & Miller, L. C. (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 457475. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.457Google Scholar
Cortes, K. & Wood, J. V. (2018). Is it really “all in their heads”? How self-esteem predicts partner responsiveness. Journal of Personality, 86, 9901002. doi:10.1111/jopy.12370Google Scholar
Cortes, K. & Wood, J. V. (2019). How was your day? Conveying care, but under the radar, for people lower in trust. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 83, 1122. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.03.003Google Scholar
Cutrona, C. E. (1996). Social support as a determinant of marital quality: The interplay of negative and supportive behaviors. In Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Support and the Family (pp. 173194). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Cutrona, C. E., Hessling, R. M., & Suhr, J. A. (1997). The influence of husband and wife personality on marital social support interactions. Personal Relationships, 4, 379393. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00152.xGoogle Scholar
Derrick, J., Houston, R., & Ethier, D. (2017). Perceived partner responsiveness moderates the effect of partner-specific stressors on alcohol urge in an experimental study. Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research, 41, 153A.Google Scholar
Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 545560. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.545Google Scholar
Dunkel-Schetter, C. & Bennett, T. L. (1990). Differentiating the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social support. In Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (Eds.), Social Support: An Interactional View (pp. 267296). Oxford : John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Epstein, N. B. & Baucom, D. H. (2002). Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Couples: A Contextual Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forest, A. L., Kille, D. R., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2014). Discount and disengage: How chronic negative expressivity undermines partner responsiveness to negative disclosures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107, 10131032. doi:10.1037/a0038163Google Scholar
Forest, A. L. & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychological Science, 23, 295302. doi:10.1177/0956797611429709Google Scholar
Fraley, C. R. & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132154. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132Google Scholar
Gattis, K. S., Berns, S., Simpson, L. E., & Christensen, A. (2004). Birds of a feather or strange birds? Ties among personality dimensions, similarity, and marital quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(4), 564574. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.564Google Scholar
Gaucher, D., Wood, J. V., Stinson, D. A., Forest, A. L., Holmes, J. G., & Logel, C. (2012). Perceived regard explains self-esteem differences in expressivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 11441156. doi:10.1177/0146167212445790Google Scholar
Hirschberger, G., Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). The anxiety buffering function of close relationships: Mortality salience effects on the readiness to compromise mate selection standards. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 609625. doi:10.1002/ejsp.110Google Scholar
Holmes, J. G. & Rempel, J. K. (1989). Trust in close relationships. In Hendrick, C. (Ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology: Close Relationships (Vol. 10, pp. 187219). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Huang, K., Yeomans, M., Brooks, A. W., Minson, J., & Gino, F. (2017). It doesn’t hurt to ask: Question-asking increases liking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 430452. doi:10.1037/pspi0000097Google Scholar
Ibarra-Rovillard, M. S. & Kuiper, N. A. (2011). Social support and social negativity findings in depression: Perceived responsiveness to basic psychological needs. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 342352. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.005Google Scholar
Kane, H. S., Jaremka, L. M., Guichard, A. C., Ford, M. B., Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Feeling supported and feeling satisfied: How one partner’s attachment style predicts the other partner’s relationship experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 535555. doi:10.1177/0265407507079245Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal Relationships: Their Structures and Properties. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. (1983). Analyzing close relationships. In Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J. H., Huston, T. L., Levinger, G., … Peterson, D. R. (Eds.), Close Relationships (pp. 2067). New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. (1991). Lewin, situations, and interdependence. Journal of Social Issues, 47, 211233.Google Scholar
Lakey, B. & Cassady, P. B. (1990). Cognitive processes in perceived social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 337343. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.337Google Scholar
Lakey, B. & Orehek, E. (2011). Relational regulation theory: A new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health. Psychological Review, 118, 482495. doi:10.1037/a0023477Google Scholar
Laurenceau, J. P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 12381251. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1238Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. & MacDonald, G. (2003). Individual differences in trait self-esteem: A theoretical integration. In Leary, M. & Tangney, J. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 401418). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. & Clark, M. S. (2008a). “Walking on Eggshells”: How expressing relationship insecurities perpetuates them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 420441. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.420Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. & Clark, M. S. (2008b). “You’re just saying that.” Contingencies of self-worth, suspicion, and authenticity in the interpersonal affirmation process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 13761382. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.05.001Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P., Clark, M. S., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Projection of responsiveness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 834853. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.834Google Scholar
Lemay, E. & Dudley, K. L. (2009). Implications of reflected appraisals of interpersonal insecurity for suspicion and power. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 16721686. doi:10.1177/0146167209348380Google Scholar
Lemay, E. P. & Dudley, K. L. (2011). Caution: Fragile! Regulating the interpersonal security of chronically insecure partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 681702. doi:10.1037/a0021655Google Scholar
Levy, S. R., Ayduk, O., & Downey, G. (2001). The role of rejection sensitivity in people’s relationships with significant others and valued social groups. In Leary, M. R. (Ed.), Interpersonal Rejection (pp. 251289). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M. H., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2017). Dispositional pathways to trust: Self-esteem and agreeableness interact to predict trust and negative emotional disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 95116. doi:10.1037/pspi0000093Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Bellavia, G. M., Rose, P., & Griffin, D. W. (2003). Once hurt, twice hurtful: How perceived regard regulates daily marital interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 126147. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.126Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Griffin, D. W., Rose, P., & Bellavia, G. M. (2003). Calibrating the sociometer: The relational contingencies of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 6384. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.63Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641666. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2000). Self-esteem and the quest for felt security: How perceived regard regulates attachment processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 478498. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.478Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., Griffin, D. W., Bellavia, G., & Rose, P. (2001). The mismeasure of love: How self-doubt contaminates relationship beliefs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 423436. doi:10.1177/0146167201274004Google Scholar
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., MacDonald, G., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1998). Through the looking glass darkly? When self-doubts turn into relationship insecurities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 14591480. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1459Google Scholar
Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Kenny, D. A. (2012). When bias and insecurity promote accuracy: Mean-level bias and tracking accuracy in couples’ conflict discussions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 642655. doi:10.1177/0146167211432764Google Scholar
Overall, N. C., Simpson, J. A., & Struthers, H. (2013). Buffering attachment avoidance: Softening emotional and behavioral defenses during conflict discussions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 854871. doi:10.1037/a0031798Google Scholar
Pennebaker, J. W., Zech, E., & Rimé, B. (2001). Disclosing and sharing emotion: Psychological, social, and health consequences. In Stroebe, M. S., Hansson, R. O., Stroebe, W., & Schut, H. (Eds.), Handbook of Bereavement Research: 102 Consequences, Coping, and Care (pp. 517544). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1992). General and specific support expectations and stress as predictors of perceived supportiveness: An experimental study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 297307. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.297Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. (2007). Steps toward the ripening of relationship science. Personal Relationships, 14, 123. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00139.xGoogle Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Clark, M. S. (2013). Responsiveness. In Simpson, J. A. & Campbell, L. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships (pp. 400423). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of closeness and intimacy. In Mashek, D. J. & Aron, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy (pp. 201225). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Gable, S. L. (2015). Responsiveness. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 6771. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.001Google Scholar
Reis, H. T. & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In Duck, S. W. (Ed.), Handbook of Personal Relationships (pp. 367389). Oxford: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Rusbult, C. E., Morrow, G. D., & Johnson, D. J. (1987). Self-esteem and problem-solving behaviour in close relationships. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 293303. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00792.xGoogle Scholar
Rusbult, C. E. & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2003). Interdependence, interaction, and relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 351375. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145059Google Scholar
Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1990). Social support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships. In Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (Eds.), Social Support: An Interactional View (pp. 97128). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Selcuk, E. & Ong, A. D. (2013). Perceived partner responsiveness moderates the association between received emotional support and all-cause mortality. Health Psychology, 32, 231235. doi:10.1037/a0028276Google Scholar
Simpson, J., Rholes, W., Oriña, M., & Grich, J. (2002). Working models of attachment, support giving, and support seeking in a stressful situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 598608. doi:10.1177/0146167202288004Google Scholar
Slotter, E. B. & Finkel, E. J. (2009). The strange case of sustained dedication to an unfulfilling relationship: Predicting commitment and breakup from attachment anxiety and need fulfillment within relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 85100. doi:10.1177/0146167208325244Google Scholar
Sommers, S. (1984). Reported emotions and conventions of emotionality among college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 207215. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.1.207Google Scholar
Sowislo, J. F. & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 213240. doi:10.1037/a0028931Google Scholar
Sprecher, S. & Hendrick, S. S. (2004). Self-disclosure in intimate relationships: Associations with individual and relationship characteristics over time. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 857877. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/docview/38037511?accountid=14906Google Scholar
Thibaut, J. W. & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2003). Stability of self-esteem across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 205220. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.205Google Scholar
Vinokur, A., Schul, Y., & Caplan, R. D. (1987). Determinants of perceived social support: Interpersonal transactions, personal outlook, and transient affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 11371145. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1137Google Scholar
Williams, K. D., Govan, C. L., Croker, V., Tynan, D., Cruickshank, M., & Lam, A. (2002). Investigations into differences between social- and cyberostracism. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6, 6577. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.1.65Google Scholar
Williams, K. D. & Jarvis, B. (2006). Cyberball: A program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 174180. doi:10.3758/BF03192765Google Scholar
Wood, J. V. & Forest, A. L. (2016). Self-protective yet self-defeating: The paradox of low self-esteem people’s self-disclosures. In Olson, J. M. & Zanna, M. P. (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 53, pp. 131181). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wood, J. V., Hogle, A., & McClellan, J. (2009). Self-esteem and relationships. In Reis, H. & Sprecher, S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships, (Vol. 3, pp. 14221425). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, P., Maier, M. A., Winter, M., & Grossmann, K. E. (2001). Attachment and adolescents’ emotion regulation during a joint problem-solving task with a friend. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 331343. doi:10.1080/01650250143000157Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×