This chapter presents information, statistics, and perspective on the magnitude of arson in the United States and some of the systems and methods that have evolved to address this destructive force. The National Fire Incident Reporting System, which collects information on firefighter deaths and injuries, suggests that arson fires are the most dangerous for firefighters. The majority of intentional fire occurs outside and in unoccupied structures such as fields and woods, garages, and dumpsters. The fire-setting behavior needs to be specifically examined in terms of its context. Comprehensive assessments should include a thorough psychosocial examination of the individual and family, the history of fire use and exposure, whether there are current stressors or crises that might trigger this behavior, careful documentation of the cognitive and emotional processes before, during, and after the fire, and, finally, understanding the internal and external reinforcements for the behavior.