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9 - Creating family love: an evolutionary perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Barbara J. King
Affiliation:
Professor of Anthropology College of William and Mary
Alan Fogel
Affiliation:
University of Utah
Barbara J. King
Affiliation:
College of William and Mary, Virginia
Stuart G. Shanker
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto
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Summary

  • One day after her birth, infant Elikya gazes up at her mother, who holds her. Elikya moves her head down, then again gazes up at her mom, then moves her head down once more. Her mother, using her whole hand, moves Elikya's head back up, and gazes into her eyes.

  • Once in a while, Elikya's mother needs a break from caring for her. One day when Elikya is a bit over two months old, her mom hands her over to an older sister. As she is transferred, Elikya makes a facial pout towards her mother. While held by her sister, Elikya extends her arm three times in succession toward her mother. Although Elikya is close enough to touch her mother if she chooses, she instead makes this gesture, slowly and deliberately. As Elikya is making the third gesture, her mother takes Elikya back. As Elikya relaxes against her mother's body, her sister pats her gently.

  • As she matures, Elikya becomes more independent in terms of movement and locomotion. At nearly a year of age, Elikya moves far away from her mother. She comes upon her older brother, who is reclining, on his back, in an old suspended tire. Elikya extends one leg, with toes spread slightly apart, toward her brother. As he extends his own leg toward hers, Elikya proceeds forward and climbs onto his chest. The brother gives her big, broad, pats on the back as he clasps her in an embrace.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Development in the Twenty-First Century
Visionary Ideas from Systems Scientists
, pp. 81 - 88
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

Fogel, A. (1993). Developing through relationships. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1990). Through a window. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
King, B. The roots of human behavior and Biological anthropology. Audio- and video-courses available from The Teaching Company at www.teachco.com
King, B. (2004). The dynamic dance: nonvocal communication in the African great apes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
King, B. (2007) Evolving God: A provocative view on the origins of religion. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, D., and Washburn, D. A. (2003). Intelligence in apes and other rational beings. New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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