Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Foreword and Preface
- Preface
- Summary of the first global integrated marine assessment
- The context of the assessment
- Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment (Other than Provisioning Services)
- Assessment of the Cross-cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety
- Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
- Chapter 17 Shipping
- Chapter 18 Ports
- Chapter 19 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
- Chapter 20 Coastal, Riverine and Atmospheric Inputs from Land
- Chapter 21 Offshore Hydrocarbon Industries
- Chapter 22 Other Marine-Based Energy Industries
- Chapter 23 Offshore Mining Industries
- Chapter 24 Solid Waste Disposal
- Chapter 25 Marine Debris
- Chapter 26 Land-Sea Physical Interaction
- Chapter 27 Tourism and Recreation
- Chapter 28 Desalinization
- Chapter 29 Use of Marine Genetic Resources
- Chapter 30 Marine Scientific Research
- Chapter 31 Conclusions on Other Human Activities
- Chapter 32 Capacity-Building in Relation to Human Activities Affecting the Marine Environment
- Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats
- Section A Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Chapter 36 Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Section B Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in need of Special Attention or Protection
- I Marine Species
- II Marine Ecosystems and Habitats
- Section C Environmental, economic and/or social aspects of the conservation of marine species and habitats and capacity-building needs
- Overall Assessment
- Annexes
- References
Chapter 24 - Solid Waste Disposal
from Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 May 2017
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Foreword and Preface
- Preface
- Summary of the first global integrated marine assessment
- The context of the assessment
- Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment (Other than Provisioning Services)
- Assessment of the Cross-cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety
- Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
- Chapter 17 Shipping
- Chapter 18 Ports
- Chapter 19 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
- Chapter 20 Coastal, Riverine and Atmospheric Inputs from Land
- Chapter 21 Offshore Hydrocarbon Industries
- Chapter 22 Other Marine-Based Energy Industries
- Chapter 23 Offshore Mining Industries
- Chapter 24 Solid Waste Disposal
- Chapter 25 Marine Debris
- Chapter 26 Land-Sea Physical Interaction
- Chapter 27 Tourism and Recreation
- Chapter 28 Desalinization
- Chapter 29 Use of Marine Genetic Resources
- Chapter 30 Marine Scientific Research
- Chapter 31 Conclusions on Other Human Activities
- Chapter 32 Capacity-Building in Relation to Human Activities Affecting the Marine Environment
- Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats
- Section A Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Chapter 36 Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Section B Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in need of Special Attention or Protection
- I Marine Species
- II Marine Ecosystems and Habitats
- Section C Environmental, economic and/or social aspects of the conservation of marine species and habitats and capacity-building needs
- Overall Assessment
- Annexes
- References
Summary
Introduction – the regulatory system
The disposal at sea of waste generated on land and loaded on board vessels for dumping is the object of long-standing global, and (in many areas) regional, systems of regulation. (These systems also cover, for completeness, dumping from aircraft and waste (other than operational discharges) from fixed installations in the sea). Such dumping must be distinguished from discharges into rivers and directly from land into the sea and emissions to air from land-based activities discussed in Chapter 20 (Land-based inputs).
When concerns about the environment developed in the 1960s, growing constraints on the land disposal of waste and discharges into rivers led to pressures to find new routes for waste disposal. Concerns about these pressures led to action in several forums. Several United Nations specialized agencies set up the Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution (GESAMP1 – later altered to “Marine Environmental Protection”).
The preparatory committee for the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, set up by the United Nations General Assembly, established an intergovernmental working group on marine pollution. At the national level, several countries started developing approaches to control such dumping. The United States of America put forward proposals for an international agreement on the subject. Spurred from the national level by an attempt by the vessel Stella Maris to dump 650 tons of chlorinated waste, several countries started developing approaches to control such dumping. States adjoining the North-East Atlantic adopted an international convention regulating dumping in that area in Oslo, Norway, on 15 February 1972 (OSPAR, 1982; IMO, 1991).
Later that year, the Stockholm Conference adopted a set of principles for international environmental law and called, among other things, for an international instrument to control dumping of waste at sea. The United Kingdom, in consultation with the United Nations Secretariat, organized a further conference in London, and the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 (the 1972 London Convention) was signed on 13 November 1972 in London, Mexico City and Moscow (ICG, 1982, IMO, 2014f).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The First Global Integrated Marine AssessmentWorld Ocean Assessment I, pp. 379 - 388Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017