Chapter 4 explores the Chaghatay Book of Guidance, written in sixteenth-century Central Asia as a manual for women about ideal womanhood. The Book of Guidance was commissioned by the royal consort of the Shibanid ruler ʿUbaydullāh Khan, Moghūl Khanim, who is portrayed as a powerful patroness and disciple of Aghā-yi Buzurg in the Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib. The fact that both the Book of Guidance and the Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib were composed within the same historico-geographical and socioreligious environment makes them invaluable for the study of gender construction from a comparative perspective. The Book of Guidance constitutes key background reading on the prescribed gender roles of women in early modern Central Asia. It thus offers a historical contextualization for the Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib from a gender perspective and allows us to better understand the complexities of Aghā-yi Buzurg’s case.