This chapter considers religious aspects of the campaign to end transportation and the use of hulks in the convict establishments of Bermuda and Gibraltar. In Bermuda, this campaign was stimulated by the public condemnation of the government chaplain, John Melville Guilding. As successive governors sought to modernize the system, anti-transportationists represented convict labour in the immoral and unhygienic confines of the hulks as a blight on the reputation of the empire. A series of religious issues troubled the secular management of convict labour in Bermuda. There were humanitarian and security anxieties over the arrival of significant numbers of Irish convicts, including political prisoners as well as pauper victims of the Famine, the majority of whom were Irish Catholics. There was sectarian wrangling about who had religious oversight over convicts and colonists in Bermuda and the extent to which convicts were entitled to priests and ministers of their own persuasion. These religious entanglements hastened the decision to transfer all convicts to shore-based accommodation and break up the hulks in all locations at home and abroad.