In their recent book Governing Security, Johnston and Shearing pinpoint what they see as a significant shift in criminological writing about ‘the problem of the state’ (2003: 33–4). Three decades ago, they contend, ‘cutting-edge criminological theory’ posited the state as the ‘problem’ – structurally tied to class interests, systemically and unjustly directed towards coercing the poor and weak, incapable of defending public interests against narrowly drawn private ones. It was, as such, a force to be struggled against and, ultimately, transcended. Today, by contrast, such theory has come to invest in the state as ‘solution’ – a means of articulating and defending the ‘public interest’ in a market society whose neo-liberal champions triumphantly proclaim that no such thing exists. Johnston and Shearing describe this situation as a ‘strange paradox’ (2003: 34).

But perhaps this is not so very paradoxical. In an age of ‘solid modernity’ (Bauman 2000) it could indeed be claimed that the task of defending dispossessed individuals and groups from the overweening and intrusive reach of the coercive, bureaucratic state pressed itself with particular urgency upon the forces of progressive politics, whether liberal or socialist. But we no longer inhabit such a world.