The three trials examined in this book became the first generation of ICC prosecutions, all focused on Congolese suspects. Those proceedings yielded constant surprises, uncharted delays, and daunting complexities. Across all phases of the Congo trials, the network of judges remained fairly constant, until the slow pattern of rotations began to take effect. Those first trials could not avoid speaking to each other – and past each other, as rising dissension coalesced into opposing judicial styles. A mixed record of two convictions and two acquittals underscored emerging splits. Fault-lines in the Rome Statute reached the surface in courtroom practice, culminating in the multiple opinions issued by the Bemba Appeals Chamber.