Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- 193 Intestinal Roundworms
- 194 Tissue Nematodes
- 195 Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
- 196 Tapeworms (Cestodes)
- 197 Toxoplasma
- 198 Malaria: Treatment and Prophylaxis
- 199 Human Babesiosis
- 200 Trypanosomiases and Leishmaniases
- 201 Intestinal Protozoa
- 202 Extraintestinal Amebic Infection
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
195 - Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
from Part XXIV - Specific Organisms – Parasites
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- 193 Intestinal Roundworms
- 194 Tissue Nematodes
- 195 Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
- 196 Tapeworms (Cestodes)
- 197 Toxoplasma
- 198 Malaria: Treatment and Prophylaxis
- 199 Human Babesiosis
- 200 Trypanosomiases and Leishmaniases
- 201 Intestinal Protozoa
- 202 Extraintestinal Amebic Infection
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
The trematode flatworms that infect human beings include the schistosomes, which live in venules of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract, and other flukes that inhabit the bile ducts, intestines, or bronchi. The geographic distribution of each species of trematode parallels the distribution of the specific freshwater snail that serves as its intermediate host (Table 195.1). Schistosomes infect as many as 200 million persons worldwide; infections caused by the other flukes are more limited in distribution and number. Trematode infections last for years; most are subclinical, and in general only the small proportion of persons who have heavy worm burdens develop severe disease.
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Clinical Presentation
A history of contact with possibly infested freshwater in an endemic area should prompt an evaluation for schistosomiasis, even in the absence of symptoms (Figure 195.1). Clinical manifestations that suggest the diagnosis vary according to the stage of infection. Some persons complain of intense pruritus or rash shortly after the infective cercariae penetrate the skin. Previously uninfected visitors to endemic areas may develop acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama fever, 2 to 10 weeks after exposure, as the immune system begins to respond to maturing worms and eggs. Symptoms range from mild malaise to a serum sickness-like syndrome that lasts for weeks and may be life threatening. Common features include fever, headache, abdominal pain, myalgia, dry cough, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, and marked eosinophilia.
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- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1353 - 1358Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008