Part I - Plain Radiography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 June 2017
Edited by
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Emergency Radiology , pp. 1 - 194Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
References
References
Manthey, DE, Storrow, AB, Milbourn, J, Wagner, BJ: Ultrasound versus radiography in the detection of soft-tissue foreign bodies. Ann Emerg Med 1996;287–9.Google Scholar
Peterson, JJ, Bancroft, LW, Kransdorf, MJ: Wooden foreign bodies: imaging appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178(3):557–62.Google Scholar
Hendey, G, Chally, M, Stewart, V: Selective radiography in 100 patients with suspected shoulder dislocation. J Emerg Med 2006;31(1):23–8.Google Scholar
Hawksworth, CR, Freeland, P: Inability to fully extend the injured elbow: an indicator of significant injury. Arch Emerg Med 1991; 8:253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabiner, JE, Khine, H, Avner, JR, et al.: Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61(1):9–17.Google Scholar
Hall-Craggs, MA, Shorvon, PJ: Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in acute elbow trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;145:607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, WA, Siegel, MJ: Elbow fat pads with new signs and extended differential diagnosis. Radiology 1977;124:659.Google Scholar
Byrdie, A, Raby, N: Early MRI in the management of clinical scaphoid fracture. Brit J Rad 2003;76:296–300.Google Scholar
Waeckerle, JF: A prospective study identifying the sensitivity of radiographic findings and the efficacy of clinical findings in carpal navicular fractures. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Brenner, DJ, Hall, EJ: Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007;357 (22):2277–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, RH, Hawkins, RA, Katz, RD: Bacterial osteomyelitis: findings on plain radiography, CT, MR, and scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:365–70.Google Scholar
Haapamaki, VV, Kiuru, MJ, Koskinen, SK: Ankle and foot injuries: analysis of MDCT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183 (3):615–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mustonen, AO, Koskinen, SK, Kiuru, MJ: Acute knee trauma: analysis of multidetector computed tomography findings and comparison with conventional radiography. Acta Radiol 2005;46 (8):866–74.Google Scholar
Wicky, S, Blaser, PF, Blanc, CH, et al.: Comparison between standard radiography and spiral CT with 3D reconstruction in the evaluation, classification and management of tibial plateau fractures. Eur Radiol 2000;10 (8):1227–32.Google Scholar
Gupta, RT, Wadhwa, RP, Learch, TJ, Herwick, SM: Lisfranc injury: imaging findings for this important but often-missed diagnosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2008;37 (3):115–26.Google Scholar
McConnell, T, Creevy, W, Tornetta, P III: Stress examination of supination external rotation-type fibular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86 -A(10):2171–8.Google Scholar
References
Klompas, M: Does this patient have an acute thoracic aortic dissection? JAMA 2002;287:2262–72.Google Scholar
Felson, B, Felson, H: Localization of intrathoracic lesions by means of the postero-anterior roentgenogram: the silhouette sign. Radiology 1950;55:363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, RD, Harris, JH Jr.: The prevalence and significance of missed scapular fractures in blunt chest trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;151(4):747–50.Google Scholar
References
Ahn, SH, Mayo-Smith, WW, Murphy, BL, et al.: Acute nontraumatic abdominal pain in adult patients: abdominal radiography compared with CT evaluation. Radiology 2002;225:159–64.Google Scholar
Anyanwu, AC, Moalypour, SM: Are abdominal radiographs still overutilised in the assessment of acute abdominal pain? A district general hospital audit. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1998;43:267–70.Google Scholar
Flak, B, Rowley, A: Acute abdomen: plain film utilization and analysis. Can Assoc Radiol J 1993;44(6):423–8.Google Scholar
Gupta, K, Bhandari, RK, Chander, R: Comparative study of plain film abdomen and ultrasound in non-traumatic acute abdomen. Ind J Radiol Imaging 2005;15:109–15.Google Scholar
Kellow, ZS, MacInnes, M, Kurzencwyg, D, et al.: The role of abdominal radiography in the evaluation of the nontrauma emergency patient. Radiology 2008;248:887–93.Google Scholar
Laméris, W, van Randen, A, Van Es, HW, et al.: Imaging strategies for detection of urgent conditions in patients with acute abdominal pain: diagnostic accuracy study. British Med J 2009;339(7711):29–33.Google Scholar
MacKersie, AB, Lane, MJ, Gerhardt, RT, et al.: Nontraumatic acute abdominal pain: unenhanced helical CT compared with three-view acute abdominal series. Radiology 2005;237:114–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otero, HJ, Ondategui-Parra, S, Erturk, SM, et al.: Imaging utilization in the management of appendicitis and its impact on hospital charges. Emerg Radiol 2008;15:23–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Rao, PM, Rhea, JT, Rao, JA, Conn, AK: Plain abdominal radiography in clinically suspected appendicitis: diagnostic yield, resource use, and comparison with CT. Am J Emerg Med 1999;17:325–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoker, J, van Randen, A, Lameris, W, Boermeester, MA: Imaging patients with acute abdominal pain. Radiology 2009;253(1):31–46.Google Scholar
van Randen, A, Lameris, W, Luitse, JSK, et al.: The role of plain radiographs in patients with acute abdominal pain at the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2011;29(6):582–9.Google Scholar
References
Grossman, MD, Reilly, PM, Gillett, T, et al.: National survey of the incidence of C-spine injury and approach to C-spine clearance in U.S. trauma centers. J Trauma 1999;47:684–91.Google Scholar
Greenbaum, J, Walters, N, Levy, PD: An evidence-based approach to radiographic assessment of cervical spine injuries in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2008;68(1):72–87.Google Scholar
Daffner, RH, Sciulli, RL, Rodriguez, A, Protetch, J: Imaging for evaluation of suspected C-spine trauma: a 2-year analysis. Injury 2006;37:652–8.Google Scholar
Nelson, DW, Martin, MJ, Martin, ND, Beekley, A: Evaluation of the risk of noncontiguous fractures of the spine in blunt trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013;75(1):135–9.Google Scholar
Bagley, LJ: Imaging of spinal trauma. Radiol Clin North Am 2006;44:1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freemyer, B, Knopp, R, Piche, J, et al.: Comparison of five-view and three-view C-spine series in the evaluation of patients with cervical trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18(8):818–21.Google Scholar
American College of Radiology (ACR) Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging: Suspected cervical spine trauma. Reston, VA: ACR, 2012.Google Scholar
Stiell, IG, Wells, GA, Vandemheen, KL, et al.: The Canadian C-spine Rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA 2001;286(15):1841–8.Google Scholar
Stiell, IG, Clement, CM, Grimshaw, J, et al.: Implementation of the Canadian C-spine Rule: prospective 12 centre cluster randomised trial. BMJ 2009;339:b41–6.Google Scholar
Hoffman, JR, Mower, WR, Wolfson, AB, et al.: Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343(2):94–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viccellio, P, Simon, H, Pressman, BD, et al.: NEXUS group: a prospective multicenter study of cervical spine injury in children. Pediatrics 2001;108(2):E20.Google Scholar
Stiell, IG, Clement, CM, McKnight, RD, et al.: The Canadian C-spine Rule versus the NEXUS Low-risk Criteria in patients with trauma. N Engl J Med 2003;349(26):2510–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, JC, Tepas, JJ, Mollitt, DL, Pieper, P: Pediatric cervical spine injuries: defining the disease. J Pediatr Surg 2001;36(2):373.Google Scholar
Pieretti-Vanmarcke, R, Velmahos, GC, Nance, ML, et al.: Clinical clearance of the cervical spine in blunt trauma patients younger than 3 years: a multi-center study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma 2009;67(3):543–9; discussion 549–50.Google Scholar
Pang, D, Wilberger, JE: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. J Neurosurg 1982;57(1):114–29.Google Scholar
Pang, D: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children, 2 decades later [review]. Neurosurgery 2004;55(6):1325–42; discussion 1342–3.Google Scholar
Davis, JW, Phreaner, DL, Hoyt, DB, Mackersie, RC: The etiology of missed cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 1993;34(3):342–6.Google Scholar
Gale, SC, Gracias, VH, Reilly, PM, Schwab, CW: The inefficiency of plain radiography to evaluate the cervical spine after blunt trauma. J Trauma 2005; 59:1121–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Woodring, JH, Lee, C: Limitations of cervical radiography in the evaluation of acute cervical trauma. J Trauma 1993;34:32–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, JF, Akkinepalli, R: Computed tomography versus plain radiography to screen for cervical spine injury: a meta-analysis. J Trauma 2005;58:902.Google Scholar
Blackmore, CC, Ramsey, SD, Mann, FA, Deyo, RA: Cervical spine screening with CT in trauma patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Radiology 1999;212:117–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Como, J, Diaz, J, Dunham, C, et al.: Practice management guidelines for identifying cervical spine injuries following trauma: update from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Practice Management Guidelines Committee. J Trauma 2009;67:651–9.Google Scholar
American College of Surgeons: Advanced trauma life support student course manual, 9th ed., 2012.Google Scholar
Hanson, JA, Blackmore, CC, Mann, FA, Wilson, AJ: Cervical spine injury: a clinical decision rule to identify high-risk patients for helical CT screening. Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:713–18.Google Scholar
References
O’Connor, E, Walsham, J: Indications for thoracolumbar imaging in blunt trauma patients: a review of current literature. Emerg Med Australas EMA 2009;21(2):94–101.Google Scholar
Hsu, JM, Joseph, T, Ellis, AM: Thoracolumbar fracture in blunt trauma patients: guidelines for diagnosis and imaging. Injury 2003;34(6):426–33.Google Scholar
Ballock, RT, Mackersie, R, Abitbol, JJ, et al.: Can burst fractures be predicted from plain radiographs? J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992;74(1):147–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Dai, L-Y, Wang, X-Y, Jiang, L-S, et al.: Plain radiography versus computed tomography scans in the diagnosis and management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine 2008;33(16):E548–52.Google Scholar
Inaba, K, Munera, F, McKenney, M, et al.: Visceral torso computed tomography for clearance of the thoracolumbar spine in trauma: a review of the literature. J Trauma 2006;60(4):915–20.Google Scholar
Sheridan, R, Peralta, R, Rhea, J, et al.: Reformatted visceral protocol helical computed tomographic scanning allows conventional radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine to be eliminated in the evaluation of blunt trauma patients. J Trauma 2003;55(4):665–9.Google Scholar
Duane, TM, Tan, BB, Golay, D, et al.: Blunt trauma and the role of routine pelvic radiographs: a prospective analysis. J Trauma 2002;53(3):463–8.Google Scholar
Kessel, B, Sevi, R, Jeroukhimov, I, et al.: Is routine portable pelvic x-ray in stable multiple trauma patients always justified in a high technology era? Injury 2007;38(5):559–63.Google Scholar
Spaniolas, K, Cheng, JD, Gestring, ML, et al.: Ground level falls are associated with significant mortality in elderly patients. J Trauma 2010;69(4):821–5.Google Scholar
Steele, MT, Norvell, JG: Pelvis Injuries. In: Tintinalli, J (ed.), Tintinalli’s emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide, 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, 1841–8.Google Scholar
Duke Orthopaedics: Radiology of Pelvic Fractures – Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics. Dec. 14, 2013. Available at: http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/radiology_of_pelvic_fracturesGoogle Scholar