Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children is important as it is associated with adverse outcomes including the development of subsequent epilepsy, learning impairments, and behavioral abnormalities. The most common etiology for CSE identified in children who were previously neurologically normal is a prolonged febrile seizure, that is, CSE associated with fever that is not associated with a central nervous system (CNS) infection in children aged between 6 months and 5 years. The high rate of CNS infection in children who have CSE associated with fever combined with the potential for missing the diagnosis leads to challenges in therapeutic decision making. The diagnosis, classification, and outcomes of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in children continue to be a matter of debate, and therefore NCSE is defined broadly as a range of conditions in which electrographic seizure activity is prolonged and results in non-convulsive clinical symptoms.