Despite the ambiguities of their endings, both Carmilla and Dracula (like Lady Audley's Secret before them) rely on the phobic tropes that the Gothic of Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis had put into circulation. Their logic of fascination requires that the objects of that fascination (Catholicism, lesbianism, the erotics of vampirism itself) be recognizably evil, something to be desired precisely because it must be feared. There is, however, by the later years of the nineteenth century an alternate understanding of vampiric Catholicism, one which still draws its metaphorical structures from the traditional Gothic and yet reverses the cultural valence of those structures. While Sheridan Le Fanu warns that the vampire, with all of its religious and sexual deviances, is literally at the drawing-room door of contemporary British culture, Walter Pater counters with the notion that a new Aestheticist Gothic provides opportunity rather than despair.