In The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), David Harvey argues that the economic crisis that ‘engulfed the whole of what was then the capitalist world’ in 1847–48 ‘created a crisis of representation, and that this latter crisis itself derived from a radical readjustment in the sense of time and space in economic, political, and cultural life’ (260–61). The events of the mid-nineteenth century, he suggests,

Harvey contends that such transformations were integral to the ‘first great modernist cultural thrust’ (263). As old certainties regarding space and time crumbled with the disaggregation of the existing, stabilized structures of social relations, that which had been considered ‘real’, and represented as such, could no longer be understood in the same way. This defamiliarization of the everyday encouraged the kind of artistic experimentation found in the work of, say, Manet, whose brushstrokes, writes Harvey, began ‘to decompose the traditional space of painting and to alter its frame, to explore the fragmentations of light and colour’ (263).

Harvey's thesis is a suggestive one, I think, but his presentation is marked by a certain conceptual slippage. He begins his argument by speaking of ‘the whole of what was then the capitalist world’, only to go on to refer almost exclusively to Europe. Although he acknowledges that his analysis of space–time compression will use ‘the European case (somewhat ethnocentrically) as an example’ (240), the way in which his argument proceeds leads him to position that ‘first great modernist cultural thrust’ as a fundamentally European (or, at best, Euro-American) phenomenon.