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12 - “The southern unknown countries”: imagining the Pacific in the eighteenth-century novel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2012

Robert L. Caserio
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Clement Hawes
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

By the time James Cook was killed in 1779 at Kealakekua Bay on the Big Island of Hawai'i, the Pacific Ocean had been mapped and remapped by dozens of fictional and non-fictional texts. Even before the news of his death reached England, popular accounts of Cook's first two voyages had begun to transform Polynesia into an idyllic realm of tropical beaches and exotic cultures or, more ominously, into a beleaguered paradise assaulted by merchants and missionaries. For readers before 1770, however, the Pacific was conceived as a mosaic of more-or-less distinct regions and spheres of influence that, in different ways, fulfilled three crucial, if imaginary, roles. First, the islands east of the Indonesian archipelago (and the imaginary continent of Terra Australis Incognita) offered the prospect of an insatiable market for European exports and an inexhaustible storehouse of gold, spices, and exotic goods; second, the civilizations of China and Japan offered the luxury goods (tea and porcelain) in demand across Europe and access to complex trading networks across East Asia that could multiply profits severalfold; and third, the west coast of the Americas stoked dreams of breaking the Spanish monopoly on gold and silver mining, disrupting Spanish trade across the Pacific, and blocking French designs to control the slave trade in the Caribbean and Central America.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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