Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 September 2012
The most well-known work of Jewish American literature can be found on the Statue of Liberty. Written by Emma Lazarus in 1883 and affixed to the pedestal in 1903, “The New Colossus” puts these words in the mouth of America's most famous icon as she welcomes newcomers at her gates. “Give me your tired, your poor, / Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, / The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. / Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” (Selected Poems, 58). The denial of human rights and the physical violence to which Jews were subjected in Russia as reported in the international press moved Lazarus to write this poem, and to lend her efforts to the cause of the refugees who began to stream into the United States. Within days of composing these stirring words, Lazarus wrote another poem entitled “1492” where she brings together her pride in being both American and Jew. Her dual identity is encapsulated in the fateful date itself, 1492, that she addresses as “Thou two-faced year,” and that she imagines as weeping “when Spain cast forth with flaming sword, / The children of the prophets of the Lord” (87).
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