As noted throughout this collection, the fundamental project of the nation-state has been to make the spatial logic of the state's territorial boundaries coterminous with the boundaries of the nation. The difficulties, and often the failures, of this task have been noted by many. In some cases, as demonstrated by Basson in this volume, membership in the nation has been defined racially; mixed-race individuals and groups have presented a serious challenge to the conception of both nation and territorial state. Other studies in this volume have noted the prevalence of transnational citizenship (Conant), supraterritorial nationalism (Watts), and modes of identity that place their foundations not on a nation-state but on a “universal community of believers beyond the nation-state” (Arat). Migdal has pointed out that while we generally like to see territorial boundaries as solid, as social scientists we are best served if we see them as constantly in flux. Indeed, this state of constant flux applies to territorial as well as to social maps.