In 1987, Toni Morrison published a book that quickly became a classic of contemporary American literature. Like much African American literature, especially by women, Beloved focuses on the African American experience independent and autonomous of the white world. White society does not by any means disappear from the text. It is not, however, a subject in its own right. Instead, as if reversing the dominant assumptions of much fiction written by whites, it hovers over the story as both context and pressure, an informing principle to be understood only through reference to black life itself.

Beloved, in other words, deals only obliquely with white people. It deals not at all with Jews or Jewish history. Yet Morrison prefaces her text with two statements that might seem to turn the book toward just this subject of the Jews. One such piece of text is her dedication to “Sixty million and more.” In the American context, this dedication cannot, especially to a Jewish readership, but recall the “six million” of the Holocaust.