<span class='sc'>Secondary Sources</span>

Sascha Auerbach

Abel, Emily K. “Toynbee Hall, 1884–1914.” Social Service Review 54, no. 1 (Dec. 1979): 606–632.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alexander, G. Glover. The Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters, England and Wales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915.Google Scholar

Anderson, Olive. “State, Civil Society and Separation in Victorian Marriage.” Past and Present 163 (1999): 161–201.Google Scholar

Anderson, Olive. Suicide in Victorian and Edwardian England. Oxford: Clarendon, 1987.Google Scholar

Andrew, Donna T., and Randall, McGowan. The Perreaus and Mrs. Rudd: Forgery and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century London. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Arnot, Margaret L. “Infant Death, Child Care and the State: The Baby-Farming Scandal and the First Infant Life Protection Legislation of 1872.” Continuity & Change 9, no. 2 (1994): 271–311.CrossRef Google Scholar

Asquith, Ivor. “The Structure, Ownership and Control of the Press, 1780–1855.” In Newspaper History from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day, edited by Boyce, George, Curran, James, and Wingate, Pauline. London: Constable, 1978Google Scholar

Auerbach, Sascha. “Beyond the Pale of Mercy, Victorian Penal Culture, Police Court Missionaries, and the Origins of Probation in England.” Law and History Review 33, no. 3 (Aug. 2015): 621–23.CrossRef Google Scholar

Auerbach, Sascha. “‘Some Punishment Should Be Devised’: Parents, Children, and the State in Victorian London.” The Historian 71, no. 4 (Winter 2009): 757–79.CrossRef Google Scholar

Auerbach, Sascha. “‘The Law Has No Feeling for Poor Folks Like Us!’: Everyday Responses to Legal Compulsion in England’s Working-Class Communities, 1871–1904.” Journal of Social History 45, no.2 (Spring 2012): 686–708.Google Scholar

Auerbach, Sascha. “‘You Have Lost All That Is German of You in the Dock’: Citizens, Aliens and the Wartime State in London’s Local Courtrooms, 1914–1918.” Twentieth Century British History (forthcoming).Google Scholar

Babbington, Anthony. A House in Bow Street. London: Macdonald, 1969.Google Scholar

Baggs, A. P., Bolton, Diane K., and Patricia, E. C. Croot. “Islington and Stoke Newington Parishes.” In History of Middlesex, ed. Baker, T. F. T. and Elrington, C. R.. Vol. 8. London: Victoria County History, 1985.Google Scholar

Bailey, Peter. Popular Culture and Performance in the Victorian City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Bailey, Victor, ed. Policing and Punishment in Nineteenth-Century Britain. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Barrie, David. “Public Men, Private Interests: The Origins, Structure and Practice of Police Courts in Scotland, c.1800–1833.” Continuity and Change 27, no. 1 (May 2012): 83–123.Google Scholar

Barthes, Roland. “Dominici, or the Triumph of Literature.” In Mythologies. Les Lettres Nouvelles, 1957.Google Scholar

Beattie, J. M. Crime and the Courts in England, 1660–1800. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Beattie, J.M. “Sir John Fielding and Public Justice: The Bow Street Magistrates’ Court, 1754–1780.” Law and History Review 25, no. 1 (Apr. 2007): 61–100.CrossRef Google Scholar

Beattie, J.M. The First English Detectives: The Bow Street Runners and the Policing of London, 1750–1840. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Beattie, John. Policing and Punishment in London, 1660–1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Behlmer, George. Child Abuse and Moral Reform in England, 1870–1908. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Behlmer, George. Friends of the Family: The English Home and Its Guardians, 1850–1940. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998Google Scholar

Behlmer, George. “Summary Justice and Working-Class Marriage in England, 1870–1940.” Law and History Review 12, no. 2 (Fall, 1994): 229–76.Google Scholar

Bentley, David. English Criminal Justice in the Nineteenth Century. London: Hambledon, 1998.Google Scholar

Benton, Laura, and Ford, Lisa, eds. Rage for Order: The British Empire and the Origins of International Law, 1800–1950. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.CrossRef Google Scholar

Benton, Lauren. “Beyond Legal Pluralism: Towards a New Approach to Law in the Informal Sector.” Social & Legal Studies 3 (Jun. 1994): 223–42.CrossRef Google Scholar

Benton, Lauren. Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Bertelsen, Lance. “Committed by Justice Fielding: Judicial and Journalistic Representation in the Bow Street Magistrates’ Office, January 3–November 24, 1752.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 40, no. 4 (1997): 337–363.CrossRef Google Scholar

Biderman, A. D., and Reiss, A. J.. “On Exploring the ‘Dark Figure’ of Crime.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 374, no.1 (1967): 1–15.Google Scholar

Bierbrauer, Giinter. “Toward an Understanding of Legal Culture: Variations in Individualism and Collectivism between Kurds, Lebanese, and Germans.” Law & Society Review 28, no. 2 (1994):243–45.CrossRef Google Scholar

Blankenburg, Erhard. “Civil Litigation Rates as Indicators for Legal Cultures.” In Comparing Legal Cultures, edited by Nelken, David, 41. Aldershot: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar

Bonnell, Victoria E., and Hunt, Lynn, eds. Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. Language and Symbolic Power. Translated by Raymond, Gino and Adamso, Matthew. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field.” Hastings Law Journal 38 (1987): 805–853.Google Scholar

Boyce, George, Curran, James, and Wingate, Paul, eds. Newspaper History from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day. London: Constable, 1978.Google Scholar

Brewer, John, and Styles, John, eds. An Ungovernable People: The English and Their Law in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Brewer, John, and Styles, John. “Popular Attitudes to the Law in the Eighteenth Century.” In Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory, edited by Fitzgerald, Mike, McLennan, Gregor, and Pawson, Jennie, 32–35. London: Routledge, 1981.Google Scholar

Briggs, Asa. Victorian Cities. London: Odhams Press, 1964.Google Scholar

Brooks, Christopher, and Lobban, Michael, eds. Communities and: Courts in Britain, 1150–1900. London: Bloomsbury, 1997.Google Scholar

Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin, and Miller, Peter, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.Google Scholar

Burns, W. L. The Age of Equipoise: A Study of the Mid-Victorian Generation. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1964.Google Scholar

Burton, Antoinette. Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women, and Imperial Culture, 1865–1915. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Carlen, Pat. “The Staging of Magistrates’ Justice.” British Journal of Criminology 16, no. 1 (Jan. 1976): 48–55.Google Scholar

Casey, Christopher A. “Common Misperceptions: The Press and Victorian Views of Crime.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41, no.3 (Winter 2011): 376–378.Google Scholar

Charles Booth’s Maps of London Poverty, East and West, 1889. London: Old House, 2013.Google Scholar

Clapson, Mark. A Bit of a Flutter: Popular Gambling and English Society, c. 1923–1961. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Clark, Anna. “Domesticity and the Problem of Wifebeating in Nineteenth-Century England: Working-Class Culture, Law and Politics.” In Everyday Violence in Britain, 1850–1950, edited by D’Cruze, Shani. Harlow: Pearson, 2000.Google Scholar

Clark, Anna. “Humanity or Justice? Wifebeating and the Law in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” In Regulating Womanhood: Historical Essays on Marriage, Motherhood and Sexuality, edited by Smart, C.. London: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar

Clark, Anna. The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Clark, Anna. “Whores and Gossips: Sexual Reputation in London, 1770–1825.” In Current Issues in Women’s History, edited by Angerman, Arina and Binnema, Geerte. London and New York: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar

Clark, J. C. D. “Secularization and Modernization: The Failure of a ‘Grand Narrative.’” The Historical Journal 55, no. 1 (Mar. 2012): 161–94.Google Scholar

Conboy, Martin. The Language of Newspapers: Socio-Historical Perspectives. London: Continuum, 2010.Google Scholar

Conley, Carolyn. The Unwritten Law: Criminal Justice in Victorian Kent. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Copelman, Dina. London’s Women Teachers: Gender, Class and Feminism, 1870–1930. London: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar

Cosh, Mary. A History of Islington. London: Historical Publications, 2005.Google Scholar

Crais, Clifton. “Chiefs and Bureaucrats in the Making of Empire: A Drama from the Transkei, South Africa, October 1880.” American Historical Review 108, no.4 (Oct. 2003): 1034–56.CrossRef Google Scholar

Craven, Paul. “Law and Ideology: The Toronto Police Court 1850–80.” In Essays in the History of Canadian Law, vol. 2, ed. Flaherty, David. Toronto: Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History by University of Toronto Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Crime and Punishment in Islington 1, no. 1 (2009). https://rebelhand.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/crime-punishment-inislington.pdf Google Scholar

Croll, Andy. “Street Disorder, Surveillance and Shame: Regulating Behavior in the Public Spaces of the Late Victorian British Town.” Social History 24, no. 3 (Oct. 1999): 260–261.Google Scholar

Crone, Rosalind. Violent Victorians: Popular Entertainment in Nineteenth-Century London. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Crossick, Geoffrey, ed. The Lower Middle Class in Britain, 1870–1914. London: Croom Helm, 1977.Google Scholar

Davey, B. J. Lawless and Immoral: Policing A Country Town, 1838–1857. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Davies, Andrew. “‘These Viragoes Are No Less Cruel Than the Lads’: Young Women, Gangs, and Violence in Late Victorian Manchester and Salford.” British Journal of Criminology 39, no. 1 (1999): 72–89.Google Scholar

Davies, James Edward. Criminal Law Consolidation Statutes of 24 & 25 Victoria, chapters 94 to 100, edited with notes, critical and explanatory. London: Butterworths, 1861.Google Scholar

Davis, Jennifer. “A Poor Man’s System of Justice: The London Police Courts in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century.” The Historical Journal 27 (1984): 313–15.Google Scholar

Davis, Jennifer. “Prosecutions and Their Context.” In Policing and Prosecution in Britain, 1750–1850, edited by Hay, Douglas and Snyder, Francis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Davis, John. Reforming London: The London Government Problem, 1855–1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Davis, Natalie Zemon. Fiction in the Archives: Pardon Tales and their Tellers in Sixteenth-Century France. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.CrossRef Google Scholar

D’Cruze, Shani, and Jackson, Louise A.. Women, Crime and Justice: in England since 1660. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2009.Google Scholar

D’Cruze, Shani. Crimes of Outrage: Sex, Violence and Victorian Working Women. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

D’Cruze, Shani. Everyday Violence in Britain, 1850–1950: Gender and Class. Harlow: Longman, 2000.Google Scholar

D’Cruze, Shani. “Sex, Violence and Local Courts: Working-Class Respectability in a Mid-Nineteenth Century Lancashire Town.” British Journal of Criminology 39, no. 1 (1999): 41, 51–52.Google Scholar

DeGroot, Gerard. Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War. London: Longman, 1996.Google Scholar

Delap, Lucy. Knowing Their Place: Domestic Service in Twentieth Century Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Devereaux, Simon. “The Fall of the Sessions Paper: The Criminal Trial and the Popular Press in Late Eighteenth-Century London.” Criminal Justice History 18 (2003): 57–59.Google Scholar

Doggett, Maeve. Marriage, Wife-Beating, and the Law in Victorian England. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Drewry, Gavin. “Lawyers and Statutory Reform in Victorian Government.” In Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrator and Professionals, 1860–1919, edited by Roy, McLeod. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Dubber, Markus D., and Farmer, Lindsay, eds. Modern Histories of Crime and Punishment. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Edwards, Susan. “‘Kicked, Beaten and Jumped On Until They Are Crushed,’ All Under Man’s Wing and Protection: The Victorian Dilemma with Domestic Violence.” In Criminal Conversations: Victorian Crimes, Social Panic, and Moral Outrage, edited by Rowbotham, Judith and Stevenson, Kim. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Emsley, Clive. “Crime and Punishment: Ten Years of Research (1) – Filling In, Adding Up, Moving On: Criminal Justice History in Contemporary Britain.” Crime, Histoire & Sociétiés/Crime, History & Societies 9, no. 1 (2005): 2–19.Google Scholar

Emsley, Clive. Crime and Society in England, 1750–1900. London and New York: Longman, 1986.Google Scholar

Emsley, Clive. “‘Mother, What Did Policemen Do When There Weren’t Any Motors?’: The Law, the Police and the Regulation of Motor Traffic in England.” Historical Journal 37 (1993): 357–381.Google Scholar

Epstein, James. “Spatial Practices/Democratic Vistas.” Social History 24, no. 3 (Oct. 1999): 294–310.Google Scholar

Feeley, Malcolm M., and Little, Deborah L.. “The Vanishing Female: The Decline of Women in the Criminal Process, 1687–1912.” Law & Society Review 25, No. 4 (1991): 719–75.Google Scholar

Finn, Margot. “The Authority of the Law.” In Liberty and Authority in Victorian Britain, edited by Mandler, Peter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Finn, Margot. “Women, Consumption and Couverture in England, c. 1760–1860.” Historical Journal 39, no. 3 (1996): 703–722.Google Scholar

Finn, Margot. “Working-Class Women and the Contest for Consumer Control in Victorian County Courts.” Past and Present 161, no. 1 (Nov. 1998): 116–154.Google Scholar

Forster, John. The Life of Charles Dickens. Vol. III of The Life of Charles Dickens. Boston: James R. Osgood, 1875.Google Scholar

Foucault, Michel. “Governmentality.” In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, edited by Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin and Miller, Peter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Foyster, Elizabeth. Marital Violence: An English Family History, 1660–1857. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Frost, Ginger. “Claiming Justice: Paternity Affiliation in South Wales, 1870–1900.” Rural History 24, no. 2 (Oct. 2013): 177–198.Google Scholar

Frost, Ginger. Illegitimacy in English Law and Society, 1860–1930. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016.Google Scholar

Frost, Ginger. “‘I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie’: Women, Class and Breach of Promise of Marriage Plaintiffs in England, 1850–1900.” Gender & History 6, no. 2 (1994): 224–245.Google Scholar

Frost, Ginger. Promises Broken: Courtship, Class, and Gender in Victorian England. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Frost, Ginger. “‘The Black Lamb of the Black Sheep’: Illegitimacy in the English Working Class, 1850–1939.” Journal of Social History 37, no. 2 (Winter, 2003): 293–322.Google Scholar

Gates, Barbara T. Victorian Suicide: Mad Crimes and Sad Histories. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Gatrell, V. A. C., Lenman, Bruce, and Parker, Geoffrey, eds. Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500. London: Europa Publications, 1980.Google Scholar

Gatrell, V. A. C. “Crime, Authority and the Policeman-State,” In Social Agencies and Institutions, ed. Thompson, F. M. L.. Vol. 3 of The Cambridge Social History of Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Gatrell, V. A. C. “The Decline of Theft and Violence in Victorian and Edwardian England.” In Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500, edited by Gatrell, V. A. C., Lenman, Bruce, and Parker, Geoffrey. London: Europa Publications, 1980.Google Scholar

Gatrell, V. A. C. The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English People Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Geertz, Clifford. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books, 1983.Google Scholar

Geertz, Clifford. Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Gillis, John. “The Evolution of Juvenile Delinquency in England, 1890–1914.” Past and Present 67, no. 1 (1975): 96–126.Google Scholar

Gladfelder, Hal. Criminality and Narrative in Eighteenth-Century England: Beyond the Law. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Godfrey, Barry, and Lawrence, Paul. Crime and Justice 1750–1950. Cullompton, Devon: Willan, 2005.Google Scholar

Godfrey, Barry, Farrall, Stephen, and Karstedt, Susan. “Explaining Gendered Sentencing Patterns for Violent Men and Women in the Late-Victorian and Edwardian Period.” British Journal of Criminology 45 (2005): 696–720.Google Scholar

Godfrey, Barry. “Changing Prosecution Practices and Their Impact on Crime Figures, 1857–1940.” British Journal of Criminology 48 (2008): 171–189.Google Scholar

Godfrey, Barry. Crime in England, 1880–1945: The Rough and the Criminal, the Police and the Incarcerated. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar

Goodman, Joyce. Women, Educational Policy-Making and Administration in England: Authoritative Women Since 1800. London: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar

Goodway, David. London Chartism, 1838–1848. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Gowing, Laura. Domestic Dangers: Women, Words, and Sex in Early Modern London. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Gowing, Laura. “Language, Power and the Law: Women’s Slander Legislation in Early Modern London.” In Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England, edited by Kermode, Jenny and Walker, Garthine. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Graham, Clare. Ordering Law: The Architectural and Social History of the English Law Court. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar

Gray, Drew. Crime, Prosecution and Social Relations: The Summary Courts of the City of London in the Late Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2009.Google Scholar

Green, S. J. D., and Whiting, R. C.. “Introduction: The Shifting Boundaries of the State in Modern Britain.” In The Boundaries of the State in Modern Britain, edited by Green, S. J. D. and Whiting, R. C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Griffin, Ben. “Class, Gender, and Liberalism in Parliament, 1868–1882: The Case of the Married Women’s Property Acts.” The Historical Journal 46, no. 1 (Mar. 2003): 59–87.CrossRef Google Scholar

Griffin, Ben. The Politics of Gender in Victorian Britain: Masculinity, Political Culture, and the Struggle for Women’s Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Griffiths, Dennis, ed. The Encyclopedia of the British Press: 1422–1992. London: Macmillan, 1992.Google Scholar

Hammerton, A. James. Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life. London: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar

Hammerton, A. James. “Pooterism or Partnership? Marriage and Masculine Identity in the Lower Middle Class, 1870–1920.” Journal of British Studies 38, no. 3 (Jul. 1999): 291–321.Google Scholar

Hanson, Julienne. “The Architecture of Justice: Iconography and Space Configuration in the English Law Court Building.” Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 4 (Summer 1996): 55–56.Google Scholar

Harris, Michael, and Lee, Alan. “Introduction” (to pt. 2: “The Nineteenth Century.”) In The Press in English Society from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries, edited by Harris, Michael and Lee, Alan. London: Associated University Presses, 1986.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas, and Snyder, Francis, eds. Policing and Prosecution in Britain, 1750–1850. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas, and Craven, Paul, eds. Masters, Servants, and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire, 1562–1955. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas, Linebaugh, Peter, and Thompson, E. P.. Albion’s Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth Century England. London: Allen Lane, 1975.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas. “England, 1562–1875: The Law and Its Uses.” In Masters, Servants, and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire, 1562–1955, edited by Hay, Douglas and Craven, Paul. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas. “Property, Authority, and the Criminal Law.” In Albion’s Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth Century England, edited by Hay, Douglas, Linebaugh, Peter, and Thompson, E.P.. London: Allen Lane, 1975.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas. “Prosecution and Power: Malicious Prosecution in the English Courts 1750–1850.” In Policing and Prosecution in Britain, 1750–1850, edited by Hay, Douglas and Snyder, Francis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas. “The Criminal Prosecution in England and its Historians.” Modern Law Review 47, no. 1 (Jan. 1984): 1–29.Google Scholar

Hay, Douglas. “Women, Men, and Empires of Law.” Journal of British Studies 44, no. 1 (Jan. 2005): 204–212.Google Scholar

Henderson, T.F. “Birnie, Sir Richard (c.1760–1832).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, rev. by Catherine Pease-Watkin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Herrup, Cynthia. The Common Peace: Participation and the Criminal Law in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Hewitt, Martin, ed. An Age of Equipoise?: Reassessing Mid-Victorian Britain. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2000.Google Scholar

“Historical Representations of Crime and the Criminal.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology (Aug. 2017). criminology.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/ acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264079-e-205?print=pdf.Google Scholar

Hoegaerts, Josephine. “Legal or Just? Law, Ethics, and the Double Standard in the Nineteenth-Century Divorce Court.” Law and History Review 26, no. 2 (Summer 2008): 259–84.Google Scholar

Hoggart, Richard. The Uses of Literacy: Aspects of Working-Class Life with Special Reference to Publications and Entertainment. London: Penguin, 1957.Google Scholar

Hopkins, Eric. A Social History of the English Working Classes, 1815–1945. London: Edward Arnold, 1976.Google Scholar

Howard, Pendleton. Criminal Justice in England. New York: Macmillan, 1931.Google Scholar

Howard, Pendleton. “The Rise of Summary Jurisdiction in English Criminal Law Administration.” California Law Review 19, no. 5 (Jul. 1931): 486–506.Google Scholar

Hudson, Geoffrey. “Negotiating for Blood Money: War Widows and the Courts in Seventeenth-Century England.” In Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England, edited by Kermode, Jenny and Walker, Garthine. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Hughes, Helen MacGill. News and the Human Interest Story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1940.Google Scholar

Hunt, Margaret. “Wife Beating, Domesticity and Women’s Independence in Eighteenth-Century London.” Gender & History 4, no. 1 (1992): 10–33.Google Scholar

Ignatieff, Michael. “Total Institutions and Working Classes: A Review Essay.” History Workshop Journal 15, no. 1 (1983): 167–73.Google Scholar

Inkster, Ian, Rowbotham, Judith, and Griffin, Colin, eds. The Golden Age: Essays in British Social and Economic History, 1850–1870. Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2000.Google Scholar

Innes, Joanna, and Burns, Arthur. “Introduction.” In Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780–1850, edited by Burns, Arthur and Innes, Joanna. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Innes, Joanna. Inferior Politics: Social Problems and Social Policies in Eighteenth- Century Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Inwood, Stephen. “Policing London’s Morals: The Metropolitan Police and Popular Culture, 1829–1850.” London Journal 15, no. 2 (1990):129–46.Google Scholar

Jackson, Peter. Maps of Meaning. London and New York: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar

Jennings, Paul. “Policing Drunkenness in England and Wales from the Late Eighteenth Century to the First World War.” Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 26, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 69–92.Google Scholar

Jennings, Paul. “Policing Public Houses in Victorian England.” Law, Crime and History 1 (2013): 52–75.Google Scholar

Jones, David. Crime, Protest, Community and Police in Nineteenth-Century Britain. London and New York: Routledge, 1982.Google Scholar

Jones, D. J. V. “The New Police, Crime and People in England and Wales, 1829–1888.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 33 (1983): 151–68.Google Scholar

Jones, Gareth Stedman. Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society. London: Clarendon Press, 1971.Google Scholar

Jones, Gareth Stedman. “Rethinking Chartism.” In Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History, 1832–1982. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Jones, Gareth Stedman. The Languages of Class: Studies in Working-Class History 1832–1982. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Jones, Marjorie. Justice and Journalism. London: Barry Rose, 1974.Google Scholar

Joyce, Patrick. The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City. London and New York: Verso, 2003.Google Scholar

Joyce, Patrick. “What Is the Social in Social History?” Past and Present 206 (Feb. 2010): 213–248.Google Scholar

Joyce, Simon. Capital Offenses: Geographies of Class and Crime in Victorian London. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Kermode, Jenny, and Walker, Garthine, eds. Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Kidd, Andrew, and Nichols, David. Gender, Civic Culture, and Consumerism: Middle Class Identity in Britain 1800–1940. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

King, Peter. Crime, Justice, and Discretion in England, 1740–1820. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.CrossRef Google Scholar

King, Peter. Crime, Justice, and Discretion in England, 1740–1820. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

King, Peter. Crime and Law in England, 1750–1840: Remaking Justice from the Margins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

King, Peter. “Newspaper Reporting and Attitudes to Crime and Justice in Late-Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century London.” Continuity and Change 22, no. 1 (2007): 73–112.Google Scholar

King, Peter. “Punishing Assault: The Transformation of Attitudes in the English Courts.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no.1 (Summer, 1996): 43–74.Google Scholar

King, Peter. “The Rise of Juvenile Delinquency in England 1780–1840: Changing Patterns of Perception and Prosecution.” Past and Present 160, no. 1 (1998): 73–113.Google Scholar

King, Peter. “The Summary Courts and Social Relations in Eighteenth-Century England.” Past and Present 183, no. 1 (2004): 125–172.Google Scholar

Koven, Seth, and Michel, Sonya, eds. Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States. New York and London: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar

Koven, Seth. Slumming: Social and Sexual Politics in Victorian London. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Lake, Brian. British Newspapers: A History and Guide. London: Sheppard Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Lambert, Alan. “650 years of the office of Justice of the Peace/Magistrate.” Amicus Curiae 88 (Winter 2011).Google Scholar

Landau, Norma. The Justices of the Peace, 1679–1760. Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Langbein, John. “Albion’s Fatal Flaws.” Past and Present 98, no. 1 (Feb. 1983): 96–120.Google Scholar

Langbein, John. “Understanding the Short History of Plea Bargaining.” Faculty Scholarship Series, Yale Law School, Paper 544 (Jan. 1979): 292–94. (http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1545&context=fss_papers).Google Scholar

Lee, Alan J. Origins of the Popular Press in England, 1855–1914. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 1976.Google Scholar

Lees, Lynn Hollen. The Solidarities of Strangers: The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700–1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Lewis, Jane. Women and Social Action in Victorian and Edwardian England. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1991.Google Scholar

Lewis, Jane. Women in England 1870–1950: Sexual Divisions and Social Change. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Linebaugh, Peter. The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century. London: Allen Lane, 1991.Google Scholar

Lobban, Michael. “Old wine In New Bottles’: The Concept and Practice of Law Reform, c.1780–1830.” In Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780–1850, edited by Burns, Arthur and Innes, Joanna, 133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Lock, John. Tales from Bow Street. London: Hale, 1982.Google Scholar

Macaulay, Stewart. “Images of Law in Everyday Life: the Lessons of School, Entertainment, and Spectator Sports.” Law & Society Review 21, no. 2 (1987): 185–218.Google Scholar

Macleod, Roy, ed. Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators, and Professionals, 1860–1919. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Magarey, Susan. “The Invention of Juvenile Delinquency in Early Nineteenth-Century England.” Labour History 34 (May 1978): 11–27.Google Scholar

Martin, Jane, and Goodman, Joyce. Women and Education, 1800–1980. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.Google Scholar

May, Allyson. “Fiction or ‘Faction’? Literary Representations of the Early Nineteenth- Century Criminal Courtroom.” In Crime, Courtrooms and the Public Sphere in Britain, 1700–1850, edited by Lemmings, David. London: Ashgate, 2012.Google Scholar

May, Margaret. “Innocence and Experience: the Evolution of the Concept of Juvenile Delinquency in the Mid-Nineteenth Century.” Victorian Studies 17 (Sept. 1973): 7–29.Google Scholar

McGowen, Randall. “Images of Justice and Reform of the Criminal Law in Early Nineteenth-Century England.” Buffalo Law Review 32, no. 1 (1983): 89–125.Google Scholar

McGregor, O. R., Blom-Cooper, Louis, and Gibson, Colin. Separated Spouses. Legal Research Unit, Department of Sociology, Bedford College, University of London. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd., 1970.Google Scholar

McKibbin, Ross. Ideologies of Class: Social Relations in Britain, 1880–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

McLynn, Frank. Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working-Class Americans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. “Legal Pluralism.” Law and Society Review 25, no. 8 (1988): 869–896.Google Scholar

Mitch, David F. The Rise of Popular Literacy in Victorian England: the Influence of Private Choice and Public Policy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Mitch, David. The Rise of Popular Literacy Rates in Victorian England: The Influence of Private Choice and Public Policy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Nead, Lynda. Victorian Babylon: People, Streets and Images in Nineteenth-Century London. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Nelken, David. “Disclosing/Invoking Legal Culture: An Introduction.” Social & Legal Studies 4 (1995): 435–36.Google Scholar

Wikeley, Nick. Child Support: Law and Policy. London: Bloomsbury, 2006.Google Scholar

Nord, Deborah Epstein. “The City as Theater: From Georgian to Early Victorian London.” Victorian Studies 31, no. 2 (Winter 1988): 159–88.Google Scholar

Nord, Deborah Epstein. Walking the Victorian Streets: Women, Representation, and the City. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

O’Donovan, Katherine. “The Male Appendage – Legal Definitions of Women.” In Fit Work for Women, edited by Burman, Sandra. London: Routledge, 1979.Google Scholar

Online, Old Bailey. https://www.oldbaileyonline.org /static/Crimes.jsp#simplelarcenyGoogle Scholar

Outhwaite, R. B. The Rise and Fall of the English Ecclesiastical Courts, 1500–1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Owen, David. The Government of Victorian London: The Metropolitan Board of Works, the Vestries, and the City Corporation. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Paley, Ruth. “An Imperfect, Inadequate and Wretched System? Policing London before Peel.” Criminal Justice History 10 (1989): 95–130.Google Scholar

Parker, Graham. “Review of Essays in the History of Canadian Law v. II, ed. David H. Flaherty.” Archivaria: the Journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists 18 (Summer 1984).Google Scholar

Pearson, Geoffrey. Hooligan: A History of Respectable Fears. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1983.Google Scholar

Pellew, Jill. “Law and Order: Expertise and the Victorian Home Office.” In Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrator and Professionals, 1860–1919, edited by Roy, McLeod. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Pellew, Jill. The Home Office 1848–1914: From Clerks to Bureaucrats. East Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Pennybacker, Susan. A Vision for London 1889–1904: Labour, Everyday Life, and the LCC Experiment. London: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar

Perkin, Harold. The Rise of Professional Society: England Since 1880. London: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar

Petrow, Stefan. Policing Morals: The Metropolitan Police and the Home Office, 1870–1914. New York: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Petrow, Stefan. “The Rise of the Detectives in London, 1869–1914.” Criminal Justice History 14 (1993): 91–108.Google Scholar

Philips, David. “A New Engine of Power and Authority: The Institutionalization of Law Enforcement in England, 1780–1830.” In Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500, edited by Gatrell, V. A. C., Lenman, Bruce, and Parker, Geoffrey. London: Europa Publications, 1980.Google Scholar

Philips, David. “Crime, Law and Punishment in the Industrial Revolution.” In The Industrial Revolution and British Society, edited by O’Brien, Patrick and Quinault, Roland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Philips, David. Crime and Authority in Victorian England: the Black Country 1835–1860. London: Croom Helm, 1977.Google Scholar

Pinchbeck, Ivy, and Hewitt, Margaret. Children in English Society. Vol. II of From the Eighteenth Century to the Children Act 1848. London and Toronto: Routledge and University of Toronto Press, 1973.Google Scholar

Poovey, Mary. Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830–1864. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Prevost, Elizabeth. “Married to the Mission Field: Gender, Christianity and Professionalization in Britain and Colonial Africa, 1865–1914.” Journal of British Studies 47, no. 3 (Oct. 2008): 796–826.Google Scholar

Prevost, Elizabeth. The Communion of Women: Missions and Gender in Colonial Africa and the British Metropole. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Price, Richard. “One Big Thing: Britain, Its Empire, and Their Imperial Culture.” Journal of British Studies 45, no. 2 (Jul. 2006): 602–627.Google Scholar

Procida, Mary. “Good Sports and Right Sorts: Guns, Gender, and Imperialism in British India.” Journal of British Studies 40, no. 4 (Oct. 2001): 454–488.Google Scholar

Rabin, Dana. Identity, Crime and Legal Responsibility in Eighteenth-Century England. New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2004.Google Scholar

Radzinowicz, Leon, and Hood, Roger. The Emergence of Penal Policy in Victorian and Edwardian England. Vol. 5 of A History of English Criminal Law and its Administration from 1750. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.Google Scholar

Radzinowicz, Leon. Ideology and Crime: A Study of Crime in its Social and Historical Context. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966.Google Scholar

Rappaport, Erika. Shopping for Pleasure: Women and the Making of London’s West End. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Readman, Paul A. “The 1895 General Election and Political Change in Late Victorian Britain.” The Historical Journal 42, no. 2 (Jun. 1999): 467–93.Google Scholar

Reynolds, Elaine. Before the Bobbies: The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720–1830. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Roberts, David. Victorian Origins of the British Welfare State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960Google Scholar

Roberts, Elizabeth. A Woman’s Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890–1940. Oxford, UK and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1984.Google Scholar

Roberts, F. David. The Social Conscience of the Early Victorians. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Roberts, M. J. D. “Public and Private in Early Nineteenth-Century London: The Vagrant Act of 1822 and its Enforcement.” Social History 13, no. 3 (1988): 273–294.Google Scholar

Rodrick, Anne Baltz. “‘Only a Newspaper Metaphor’: Crime Reports, Class Conflict, and Social Criticism in Two Victorian Papers.” Victorian Periodicals Review 29, no. 1 (Spring, 1996): 1–18.Google Scholar

Rogers, Nicholas. “Review of James Vernon, Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture, c.1815–1867.” Histoire Sociale/Social History 29, no. 57 (1996): 231–32.Google Scholar

Rose, Jonathan. The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Rose, Marjorie. Justice and Journalism. London: Barry Rose, 1974.Google Scholar

Rose, Nikola. “Governing by Numbers: Figuring Out Democracy.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 16, no. 7 (1991): 673–75.Google Scholar

Ross, Ellen. “‘Fierce Questions and Taunts’: Married Life in Working-Class London, 1870–1914.” Feminist Studies 8, no. 3 (Autumn, 1982): 575–602.Google Scholar

Ross, Ellen. Love and Toil: Motherhood in Outcast London, 1870–1918. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Ross, Ellen. “Survival Networks: Women’s Neighborhood Sharing in London before World War I.” History Workshop Journal 15 (Spring 1983): 4–27.Google Scholar

Rowbotham, Judith, and Stevenson, Kim, eds. Criminal Conversations: Victorian Crimes, Social Panic, and Moral Outrage. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Rowbotham, Judith, and Stevenson, Kim. “Causing a Sensation.” In Behaving Badly, Social Panic and Moral Outrage – Victorian and Modern Parallels, edited by Rowbotham, Judith and Stevenson, Kim. Aldershot, Hants, and Burlington, VA: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar

Royle, Edward. Chartism. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 1980.Google Scholar

Savage, Gail. “‘The Magistrates Are Men’: Working- Class Marital Conflict and Appeals from the Magistrates’ Court to the Divorce Court after 1895.” In Disorder in the Court: Trials and Sexual Conflict at the Turn of the Century, edited by Robb, George and Erber, Nancy. New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave- Macmillan, 1999.Google Scholar

Savage, Gail. “They Would If They Could: Class, Gender, and Popular Representation of English Divorce Litigation, 1858–1908.” Journal of Family History 36, no. 2 (2011): 173–90.Google Scholar

Scott, James C. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Scott, James. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Feminism, Marriage, and the Law in Victorian England, 1850–1895. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Sharafi, Mitra. “South Asian Legal History.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 11 (2015): 309–36.Google Scholar

Sharpe, James. “‘Such Disagreement Betwyx Neighbours,’ Litigation and Human Relations in Early Modern England.” In Disputes and Settlements: Law and Human Relations in the West, edited by Bossy, John. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Shoemaker, Robert. Prosecution and Punishment: Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c.1660–1725. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar

Shore, Heather. Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early Nineteenth-Century London. Rochester: Royal Historical Society, 1999.Google Scholar

Smart, Carol, and Sevenhuijsen, Selma. Child Custody and the Politics of Gender. London and New York: Routledge, 1989.Google Scholar

Smith, Bruce P. “English Criminal Justice Administration, 1650–1850: A Historiographic Essay.” Law and History Review 25, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 609–615.Google Scholar

Smith, Bruce. “The Myth of Private Prosecution in England, 1750–1850.” In Crime, Prosecution and Social Relations: The Summary Courts of the City of London in the Late Eighteenth Century, edited by Gray, Drew. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.Google Scholar

Smith, Mary Roberts. “The Social Aspect of New York Police Courts.” The American Journal of Sociology 5, no. 2 Sept. 1899: 145–54.Google Scholar

Spencer, J. R., ed. Jackson’s Machinery of Justice. 6th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.Google Scholar

Spraggs, Gillian. Outlaws and Highwaymen: The Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century. London: Pimlico, 2001.Google Scholar

Srebnick, Amy Gilman. “Does the Representation Fit the Crime? Some Thoughts on Writing Crime History as Cultural Text.” In Crime and Culture: A Historical Perspective, edited by Srebnick, Amy Gilman and Lévy, René, 3–19. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.Google Scholar

Stack, John. “Reformatory and Industrial Schools and the Decline of Child Imprisonment in Mid-Victorian England and Wales.” History of Education 23 (1994): 59–73.Google Scholar

Steedman, Carolyn. Labour Lost: Domestic Service and the Making of Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Steedman, Carolyn. Master and Servant: Lobe and Labour in the English Industrial Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Steedman, Carolyn. Policing the Victorian Community: The Formation of English Provincial Police Forces, 1856–80. London: Routledge, 1984.Google Scholar

Stevenson, Kim. “Fulfilling Their Mission: The Intervention of Voluntary Societies in Cases of Sexual Assault in the Victorian Criminal Process.” Crime, History & Societies/Crime Histoire & Sociétés 8, no. 1 (2004): 93–110.Google Scholar

Stevenson, Kim. “The Respectability Imperative: A Golden Rule in Cases of Sexual Assault?” In The Golden Age: Essays in British Social and Economic History, 1850–1870, edited by Inkster, Ian, Rowbotham, Judith, and Griffin, Colin. Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2000.Google Scholar

Stone, Lawrence. “Literacy and Education in England 1640–1900.” Past & Present 42 (Feb. 1969): 69–139.Google Scholar

Storch, Robert. “The Policeman as Domestic Missionary: Urban Discipline and Popular Culture in Northern England, 1850–1880.” Journal of Social History IX (1975–76): 481–509.Google Scholar

Sutherland, Gillian. Policy-Making in Elementary Education, 1870–1895. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.Google Scholar

Swensen, Steven P. “Mapping Poverty in Agar Town: Economic Conditions Prior to the Development of St. Pancras Station in 1866.” Working Papers in the Nature of Evidence: How Well Do “Facts” Travel? no. 09/06. London: Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, 2006.Google Scholar

Takayanagi, Mari. “The Representation of the People Act 1918: A Democratic Milestone in the UK and Ireland.” OxHRH Blog (February 6, 2018). http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-a-democratic-milestone-in-the-uk-and-ireland Google Scholar

Taylor, David. Crime, Policing and Punishment in England, 1750–1914. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Tebbutt, Melanie. Making Ends Meet: Pawnbroking and Working-Class Credit. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Tebutt, Melanie. Women’s Talk?: A Social History of “Gossip” in Working-Class Neighbourhoods, 1880–1960. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Thane, Pat, and Evans, Tanya. Sinners? Scroungers? Saints?: Unmarried Motherhood in Twentieth–Century England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Thane, Pat. “Women in the British Labour Party and the Construction of State Welfare, 1906–1939.” In Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States, edited by Koven, Seth and Michel, Sonya. New York and London: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar

The A to Z of Victorian London. London Topographical Society, 1987.Google Scholar

Thom, Deborah. “Nice Girls and Rude Girls”: Women Workers in World War I. London: IB Tauris, 1998.Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P. “Patrician Society, Plebian Culture.” Journal of Social History 7 (1974): 382–405.Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P. “Rough Music Reconsidered.” Folklore 103, no. 1 (1992): 3–26.Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P. Whigs and Hunters: the Origin of the Black Act. New York: Pantheon, 1975.Google Scholar

Thompson, F. M. L. The Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, 1830–1900. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Todd, Selina. “Class, Experience and Britain’s Twentieth Century.” Social History 39, no. 4 (2014): 489–490.Google Scholar

Tomes, Nancy. “A ‘Torrent of Abuse’: Crimes of Violence between Working-Class Men and Women in London, 1840–1875.” Journal of Social History 11, no. 3 (Spring, 1978): 328–345.Google Scholar

Vernon, James. Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture c.1815– 1867. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Vincent, David. Literacy and Popular Culture: England 1750–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Waddams, S. M. Sexual Slander in Nineteenth-Century England: Defamation in the Ecclesiastical Courts, 1815–1855. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Walkowitz, Judith. City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late- Victorian London. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Warner, Michael. Publics and Counterpublics. New York: Zone Books, 2002.Google Scholar

Webb, Robert K. “The Victorian Reading Public.” Higher Education Quarterly 12, no. 1 (Nov. 1957): 24–44.Google Scholar

Webb, Robert K. “Working-Class Readers in Early Victorian England.” The English Historical Review 65, no. 256 (Jul. 1950): 333–51.Google Scholar

Weinberger, Barbara. “The Police and the Public.” In Policing and Punishment in Nineteenth-Century Britain, edited by Bailey, Victor. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Weiner, Deborah. Architecture and Social Reform in Victorian London. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.Google Scholar

White, Jerry. Campbell Bunk: The Worst Street in North London Between the Wars. London: Pimlico, 2003.Google Scholar

Wiener, Martin. Men of Blood: Violence, Manliness and Criminal Justice in Victorian England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Wiener, Martin. Reconstructing the Criminal: Culture, Law, and Policy in England, 1830–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Williams, Raymond. “The Press and Popular Culture: An Historical Perspective.” In Newspaper History from the Seventeenth Century to the Present Day, edited by Boyce, George, Curran, James, and Wingate, Paul. London: Constable, 1978.Google Scholar

Willrich, Michael. City of Courts: Socializing Justice in Progressive Era Chicago. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Wollacott, Angela. On Her Their Lives Depend: Munitions Workers in the Great War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Wright, Danaya. “Untying the Knot: An Analysis of the English Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court Records, 1858–1866.” University of Richmond Law Review 38, no. 4 (2004): 903–1010.Google Scholar

Wrigley, Chris. “The Labour Party and the Impact of the 1918 Reform Act.” Parliamentary History 37, no.1 (Feb. 2018): 64–80.Google Scholar

Yngvesson, Barbara. “Inventing Law in Local Settings: Rethinking Popular Legal Culture.” Yale Law Journal 98, no. 8 (Jun. 1989): 1689–1709.Google Scholar

Yngvesson, Barbara. Virtuous Citizens, Disruptive Subjects: Order and Complaint in a New England Court. New York and London: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar

Zlotnick, Susan. “‘The Law’s a Bachelor’: Oliver Twist, Bastardy, and the New Poor Law.” Victorian Literature and Culture 34 (2006): 131–146.Google Scholar