Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of maps
- List of contributors
- Notes on numbering and cross-referencing
- List of abbreviations
- Preface
- Preface to the first edition
- 1 Language in ancient Asia Minor: an introduction
- 2 Hittite
- 3 Luvian
- 4 Palaic
- 5 Lycian
- 6 Lydian
- 7 Carian
- 8 Phrygian
- 9 Hurrian
- 10 Urartian
- 11 Classical Armenian
- 12 Early Georgian
- Appendix 1 The cuneiform script
- Appendix 2 Full tables of contents from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, and from the other volumes in the paperback series
- Index of general subjects
- Index of grammar and linguistics
- Index of languages
- Index of named linguistic laws and principles
- Map 1 The ancient languages of Anatolia and surrounding regions
8 - Phrygian
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of maps
- List of contributors
- Notes on numbering and cross-referencing
- List of abbreviations
- Preface
- Preface to the first edition
- 1 Language in ancient Asia Minor: an introduction
- 2 Hittite
- 3 Luvian
- 4 Palaic
- 5 Lycian
- 6 Lydian
- 7 Carian
- 8 Phrygian
- 9 Hurrian
- 10 Urartian
- 11 Classical Armenian
- 12 Early Georgian
- Appendix 1 The cuneiform script
- Appendix 2 Full tables of contents from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, and from the other volumes in the paperback series
- Index of general subjects
- Index of grammar and linguistics
- Index of languages
- Index of named linguistic laws and principles
- Map 1 The ancient languages of Anatolia and surrounding regions
Summary
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS
When the Phrygians emerged as a political entity in the middle of the eighth century BC, they occupied the central part of Anatolia. They were often settled on sites which were previously occupied by the Hittites (Gordion, the city of Midas, Boğazköy, etc.).
Their arrival has long been associated with the collapse of the Hittite Empire (around 1200 BC). However, archeological findings more often than not reveal a hiatus on the relevant sites between the last Hittite level, generally punctuated by a catastrophe involving fire, and the first Phrygian level. In Hattusas/Boğazköy, the capital of the empire, following a fire on the citadel, Büyükkale (c. 1180 BC), about four centuries of abandonment seem to have preceded the Phrygian occupation (see Gunter 1991:106). In Gordion, however, where no break is observed between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, the first traces of a “European” presence are found from the very start of the first millennium (see Sams 1994).
Even so, Tiglathpilesar I of Assur (1112–1072 BC)speaks of his battles against the Mushkis, on the upper Tigris (cf. Der kleine Pauly, vol. IV, col. 822, s.v. Phryger [G. Neumann]).
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- The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor , pp. 69 - 80Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
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