While the traditional vertical understanding of rights remains rooted in an older liberalism, the horizontal model possesses affinities with republican thought. This chapter makes these connections between constitutional practice and some of the core texts in the history of political thought. In addition to different understandings of the relationship between spheres, or the individual and community, liberal and republican thought generally conceive of liberty differently, a distinction that also maps onto the vertical and horizontal models in important ways. Rights in a horizontal understanding take on a new significance as more than mere rights, but ends as well, that potentially implicate the polity as a whole. Thus, horizontal application gives rise to new calls for parity between public and private spaces, which, in turn, amounts to a new source for understanding the duties of private actors. Such concepts as the common good and duty, integral to republican thought, come to the fore and offer a baseline for conceptualizing the parity and duties to which horizontal application gives rise. The chapter illustrates how these republican concepts occur in the context of actual cases and larger constitutional discourses, drawing examples from Germany, India, and South Africa.

I have reserved for discussion here certain passages containing more than a single interaction. Not all combinations are significant, though. The significant combinations in the Greek corpus are of several kinds, of which the best attested and conceptually simplest comprises those instances with a broadly or cumulatively preparatory effect in favour of the vehicle.

In February 1903, Professors William Bayliss and Ernest Starling vivisected a terrier at UCL’s Institute of Physiology. Unbeknownst to them, two of the attendees were joint secretaries of the Anti-Vivisection Society of Sweden (see Fig. C.1). Lizzy Lind-af-Hageby and Leisa Katherina Schartau claimed that the dog was not anaesthetised, and hence the experiment breached the 1876 Act. The pair reported their findings to the Hon Stephen Coleridge, Secretary of the NAVS who publicised their eye-witness statements in an inflammatory speech at a public antivivisection meeting on 1 May 1903. First, however, he vividly set the scene of the crime: Gower Street was transformed into the Via Dolorosa and UCL’s physiological laboratory became ‘a pit of Tophet’ into which ‘passes a never-ending procession of helpless dumb creatures’.

Public memory denotes how groups recall the past and how those ideas take shape, evolve, and prompt differences or agreement about history’s events and actors. Examining first ladies through their tenures in office, memoirs, interviews, historic sites, and memorials often reveal how they wanted to be remembered. Biographies, dramatic films, documentaries, and historical fiction about them can determine how presidential wives’ legacies are preserved or morph in the public psyche over time. Siena College Research Institute’s scholar polls and Ranker online surveys rate first ladies among historians and the general public. This chapter applies such evidence to first ladies Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, Mary Lincoln, Edith Wilson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan, and Barbara Bush. Each exemplifies a variety of legacies—both positive and negative—and reflects how memorializations and public memories evolve.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis mostly relies on (late) clinical (parkinsonism) symptoms, whereas we need early diagnostic markers in order to initiate and monitor the effects of forthcoming disease-modifying drugs in the earliest phase of this disease. Therefore, reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Evidence suggests the potential (differential) diagnostic and prognostic value of clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, and biochemical markers (e.g., in saliva, urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid). Such biomarkers may include α-synuclein species, lysosomal enzymes, markers of amyloid and tau pathology, and neurofilament light chain, closely reflecting the pathophysiology of PD. Here, we provide an overview of these markers with practical guidelines for facilitating early PD diagnosis.

English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) is linked with power and dominance; however, what Critical EMI might look like requires further clarification and illustration. In this chapter we offer one such example of a critical approach to EMI by presenting emerging findings from our project, ELEMENTAL – English as the Language-of-Education Mechanisms in Europe: New Transdisciplinary Approaches in Linguistics. ELEMENTAL borrows tools and concepts from political science to re-theorise the rise of EMI in European higher education (HE) as linked to governance reforms that have sought to deregulate the market and grant higher education institutions (HEIs) greater autonomy. While this so-called steering at a distance mode of governance differs in form and extent across Europe, it typically relies on steering tools such as key performance indicators, competitive funding formulae, institutional profiling, strategic development plans and other means of incentivising HEIs to enhance their performance. Presenting evidence from Turkish HE, we argue that steering at a distance may have played a role in paving the way for EMI or, at the very least, created a climate in which it can emerge and thrive. We conclude by considering the potential of transdisciplinarity as a way forward for a Critical EMI.

In this chapter, we argue that it is highly beneficial for the contemporary construction grammarian to have a thorough understanding of the strong relationship between the research fields of Construction Grammar and artificial intelligence. We start by unraveling the historical links between the two fields, showing that their relationship is rooted in a common attitude towards human communication and language. We then discuss the first direction of influence, focusing on how insights and techniques from the field of artificial intelligence play an important role in operationalizing, validating, and scaling constructionist approaches to language. We then proceed to the second direction of influence, highlighting the relevance of Construction Grammar insights and analyses to the artificial intelligence endeavor of building truly intelligent agents. We support our case with a variety of illustrative examples and conclude that further elaboration of this relationship will play a key role in shaping the future of the field of Construction Grammar.

This chapter examines the aftermath of early Anglican missionisation to Makushi groups. It begins with a story that was told to the author of a past Makushi leader described by a villager in Surama as a false prophet. The chapter then discusses various prophetic movements that arose among the Makushi and neighbouring Indigenous groups during the 1840s and afterwards which culminated in the alleluia religion. These movements used material and immaterial objects acquired and appropriated from the missionaries for new purposes. Many of these movements emphasised a central theme of transformation, which was often described in colonial sources in terms of Indigenous people becoming ‘white’ in one form or another. The movements combined resistance to colonialism with Christianity, shamanism, and sometimes also sorcery. In this context, shamanism became a means for contacting the Christian God. The chapter foregrounds a shamanic relational mode that structures interactions with outsiders among the Makushi.

Climate change is humanity’s greatest challenge for the XXIst century. Its effects will be felt for generations to come. In light of the enormity of the challenge, bank regulators are moving, yet reforms are neither homogeneous nor comprehensive. The EU is clearly more committed to the effort than any other player, and even within the EU, attitudes are cautious towards Pillar 1 (prudential requirements) and macroprudential measures, and bolder towards Pillar 3 (market discipline through disclosures) and Pillar 2 (supervisory review), though more uneven on the latter. This does not follow a scientific logic (due to the high uncertainty of climate risk) but a policy logic, since legislators and regulators tend to follow a path of minimum resistance, and undertake first the reforms that require them a lower epistemic burden.

Many drugs are available to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD), but are limited to alleviating symptoms; no disease-modifying treatment (DMT) has been approved by any authority. There is much effort to develop remedies capable of altering the underlying neurodegenerative processes in PD. Current concepts target the deposition of pathologic α-synuclein oligomers either by immunization strategies or by small molecules that interact with the protein aggregation. Further DMT approaches modulate pathologically active intracellular processes such as the c-Abl kinase or LRRK2 pathway or aim to activate signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection, such as the GLP-1 receptor pathway (with GLP1-agonist exenatide being the most advanced DMT in the PD drug pipeline). Replacement of enzymes such as β-glucocerebrosidase, modification of the microbiome, or targeting energy metabolism or inflammation are further approaches proposed to slow down neurodegeneration. Novel symptomatic treatment approaches envisage improvement of pharmacologic properties of levodopa or dopamine agonists or target non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems, e.g., the glutamatergic, serotoninergic or cholinergic system.