Holocene climatic optimum, as the warm and wet conditions of monsoonal China enabled settlements to flourish. Drawing on typological lineages of ceramics, archaeologists group the early Neolithic sites into a number of types of material culture. A flotation programme at Xinglonggou I yielded more than 1,500 charred grains of broomcorn millet, together with about 20 grains of foxtail millet. Stable isotopic analysis has revealed that early Neolithic humans living at Xinglonggou I consumed millet as their staple food. This chapter considers five distinct aspects of Xinglonggou Neolithic lives in association with millet agriculture, landscape, material culture, settlement, production and consumption. The three localities of Xinglonggou are all on the left bank of the Mangniu River to the north of the Qilaotu mountains. Chinese ceramic vessels are simple in form and dominated by the bucket-shaped pot. Many pit structures contained human burials, a feature known from other Xinglongwa cultural sites, such as Xinglongwa, Baiyinchanghan and Chahai.