This study is The Comparison of Mental Health and Loucus of Control in Professional and Amateur Athletes and nonahletes. The sample of this research includes 150 Professionals, amateur athletes and nonahletes of Isfahan city. They homogeneous in age, marital status, subject of education, level of education and subject of education and level of income. The research method was causal_comparative. Rater locus of control inventory and Goldberg mental health inventory were used to collect the data. The results showed that, there is a significant difference in locus of control.Among Professional, and amateur athletes and nonahletes.

The aime of the present study was to examine and compare happiness in athletic and non-athletic women.120 female university students (athletes and 60 non-athletes)were randomly assigned to two groups and Oxford happiness Inventory (reliability and validity have been shown in Iran)was used.The results showed that athletic women were in higher level at the five scales (mental health,self-steem,efficiency,satisfaction and positive mood).Also,there was a significant difference between level of happiness in two groups

Conventional ambulatory heart rhythm monitoring is limited in its ability to provide rapid diagnosis of arrhythmias in athletes participating in water or high-intensity sports. This case report is of a 17-year-old female competitive swimmer who underwent loop recorder implantation with Confirm Rx™ ICM 3500 (Abbott, Minneapolis, MN) to monitor for arrhythmias during swimming. The purpose of this case report is to describe the utility of implantable loop recorders in arrhythmia diagnosis and symptom evaluation in water sport athletes.

We present a case of sudden cardiac arrest in the field with complete neurological recovery in an 18-year-old athlete with phenotypic Noonan syndrome. Evaluation revealed interventricular septal thickness of 18 mm without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and no other identifiable structural, electrophysiologic, or genetic abnormality except isolated heterozygous variant for desmoplakin DSP variant p.Lys2103Glu, with unknown clinical significance.

The purpose of the study was to analyse whether prolonged and regular physical training in children leads to changes in myocardial systolic deformation and rotational mechanics. For that purpose, cardiac MRI feature tracking was performed retrospectively in 35 pre-adolescent male soccer players and 20 matched controls. There were no changes in global strain, but left ventricular twist and apical rotation were greater in soccer players, which adds to the features of paediatric athlete’s heart.

The aim was to assess the utility and feasibility of a comprehensive cardiac screening protocol in young athletes before participation in sports. A total of 380 athletes referring before participation in sports, between April, 2014 and April, 2015, were included in this study. The mean age was 12.4 years. A screening protocol has been applied to all, including personal and family history, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis, and treadmill exercise test. The most frequent complaints were chest pain in 19 (5%), dyspnoea in 13 (3.4%), and dizziness and fainting in five patients (1.3%) on exercise. There was sudden death and arrhythmia in 41 patients (10.7%) owing to family history. Heart murmur was present in 20 (5.2%) and hypertension in 10 patients (2.6%) on physical examination. The 12-lead electrocardiography was abnormal in 9 patients (2.4%). The findings of transthoracic echocardiography were insignificant in 47 patients (12.3%) and in five patients (1.3%) a haemodynamically important condition was detected. The 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis was abnormal in six patients (1.5%). There were significant ST changes in two patients (0.5%) on treadmill exercise test with normal findings on myocardial perfusion scans. No significant relation was present between findings of screening protocol and transthoracic echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis, or treadmill exercise test results.

Pre-participation screening in young athletes should consist of a targeted personal history, family history, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiography. Other tests should be applied only if the screening indicates the presence of a cardiovascular disease.

Untreated congenital long QT syndrome may result in potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia. In the most common type, risk of such an event has been linked to exercise. This originally resulted in very restrictive guidelines for sports participation in affected individuals. Although the complex interactions of a specific genotype, modifying cofactors, and risk are only now being explored, scientific evidence based on clinical experience now suggests that in many instances such restrictive guidelines are unwarranted. In particular, patients with this condition who are compliant with β-blocker therapy and who have never had symptoms during exertion are now enjoying the benefits of athletic activity.

Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion.

Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean.

Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as ‘impaired’ or ‘not-impaired’, using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data.

Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion.