This rapid review of systematic reviews examines non-professional interventions that have been implemented to support family caregivers of older adults with dementia who are living in the community. There is a robust body of empirical literature examining such interventions for family caregivers; therefore, this rapid review includes only systematic reviews. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases were searched from September 2020 to December 2020, and 19 systematic reviews were selected for a full review. Psychosocial, psychoeducational, social support, and multicomponent interventions consistently show positive impacts on a variety of outcomes. The evidence suggests that multicomponent interventions that are tailored to the needs of individual caregivers are the most impactful interventions and should be utilized in future program development. The most effective combination of interventions is unknown and warrants further investigation. However, the repeated success of psychoeducational, psychosocial, and social support interventions suggests that when used together, they may be a successful combination that contributes to positive impacts on caregivers. This multicomponent intervention should be flexible, as interventions are most effective when they are tailored to the individual needs of caregivers and adapted over time as the needs of the caregiver and person living with dementia change with disease progression.

Multiple transitions across care settings can be disruptive for older adults with dementia and their care partners, and can lead to fragmented care with adverse outcomes. This scoping review was conducted to identify and classify care trajectories across multiple settings for people with dementia, and to understand the prevalence of multiple transitions and associated factors at the individual and organizational levels. Searches of three databases, limited to peer-reviewed studies published between 2007 and 2017, provided 33 articles for inclusion. We identified 26 distinct care trajectories. Common trajectories involved hospital readmission or discharge from hospital to long-term care. Factors associated with transitions were identified mainly at the level of demographic and medical characteristics. Findings suggest a need for investing in stronger community-based systems of care that may reduce transitions. Further research is recommended to address knowledge gaps about complex and longitudinal care trajectories and trajectories experienced by sub-populations of people living with dementia.

The genre commonly referred to as the ‘concert party’ remains largely neglected by scholars of popular entertainment. In this article Bernard Ince presents a new reading of this most distinctive and underrated branch of theatrical activity. The period before the First World War saw the growth of an ‘industry’ which provided seaside amusement during the summer months. During the inter-war years, however, a more sophisticated form developed whose performative characteristics drew increasingly on revue and cabaret. The period after the Second World War saw further adaptations that gave rise to the summer show, an altogether more lavish spectacle that nonetheless inherited much of the concert party ethos of earlier times. Changes in audience expectations and public holiday preferences, the catastrophe of the two world wars, and the emergence of radio and film were challenges all successfully negotiated, further underscoring the resilience and adaptability of the genre. In the wider context, the concert party not only offered a critical path to the variety stage but in the simplicity of basic form also provided a template for experimentation and innovation. The author is an independent theatre historian.

The movement away from institutional care to community living, along with improved nutrition and health care, has led to an increased lifespan for individuals with intellectual disabilities. In Canada, those who were born before 1945 represent the first significant group to grow old. Despite the increasing numbers of these individuals, relatively little is known about them, their life experiences, or their needs. They remain a largely invisible, undervalued, and often overlooked population, and are seldom the focus of new policy or program initiatives. This review of Canadian literature reports on issues related to the prevalence, life expectancy and early aging of individuals with intellectual disabilities, describes the impact of changes in social policy on their life experiences, outlines the needs and expectations of older adults and their families and, finally, suggests future directions for policy development and research in Canada.

Oedaleus senegalensis is a mainly sahelian non gregarious grasshopper which is today considered as the most important crop pest acridid, especially on millet. The species has three generations per year (rarely four) and spends the dry season as diapausing/quiescent eggs. Both photoperiod and temperature influence the induction of diapause in which O. senegalensis eggs can survive several years. Migratory movements have been reported by many authors; adults may migrate up to 350 km per night. These factors enable the species' adaptation to its natural hostile environment. The current control strategies are based on monitoring of the oviposition sites of the dry season to predict the subsequent outbreaks in order to control early hatchlings during the following rainy season. The present work gives an overview of the current knowledge on the morphology, biology, ecology and control methods of the grasshopper.

The progress of the South African Sugar Association Experiment Station's 15-year-old biological control programme against Eldana saccharina Walker is reviewed. Two approaches at controlling this borer, a ‘new association’ and a ‘modified’ classical biological approach are summarised. Constraints identified as limiting the successful establishment of 10 egg, 12 larval and 2 pupal ‘new association’ parasitoids include host incompatibility, climatic incompatibility, poor ecological and biological life history knowledge, incorrect parasitoid searching ability and hyperparasitic tendencies. The 3 egg and 7 larval ‘modified’ classical biocontrol parasitoids which could be reared in the laboratory had constraints such as parasitising ability, different host habitat, differing host behaviours in different habitats and initial host identification difficulties to overcome. Difficulties encountered in this biological control programme against an indigenous pest insect show that biological control is not easy. Knowledge of constraints identified during this programme will hopefully be of use to others embarking on similar projects.

Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a braconid larval parasitoid that has been used in the biological control of tropical stemborers in gramineous plants. The current research status on the behavioural ecology of this parasitoid is reviewed. The stimuli involved in the location of the host-microhabitat and the behaviour on infested plants and inside stemborer tunnels are discussed. Several aspects of the host foraging behaviour on C. flavipes are discussed in relation to the ecology of the parasitoid, such as the role of learning in foraging and clutch size allocation decisions. Variation in behaviour can be an obstacle in the effective use of natural enemies in biological control. Behavioural variation may exist because individuals differ genetically in their propensity to find or accept different hosts. Individuals may also differ because they have experienced different environments (i.e. learning). The second part of this paper focuses on the intraspecific variability in G flavipes behaviour and discusses to what extent the reported plant and host specificity in C. flavipes has a genetic basis or is due to phenotypic plasticity through learning.

The Insect Rearing Management (IRM) system was used to rear the black lyre leafroller, Cnephasia jactatana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The results obtained include life cycle development at various temperatures, application of “day-degrees” in manipulating the life cycle, and use of low temperature for storage of life stages. IRM is a valuable system for regulating production of different life stages as it produces insects of specified quality as required. IRM can be adapted for rearing facilities which handle multiple-species rearing.

Worldwide recognition of ticks and subsequent control experiences in USA, Australia and Africa is summarized. The symposium lecture includes three research challenges: (a) reduce the direct and indirect costs of ticks to African animal agriculture, (b) complete critical research required for an effective African tick control programme in spite of stable or reduced research funding, (c) learn to package and market new technology used in control schemes. Three questions are suggested for industry representatives and researchers to ask one another: (a) Is the new technology practical and affordable? (b) Is animal productivity really improved? (c) Are the schemes responsive to broader environmental and animal health concerns of society?

This bibliography on diseases of insect pests of rice contains 287 references. Major groups of insect pathogens are briefly discussed. Available records on diseases, insect hosts and locations of collections are tabulated. Additionally, references are grouped by subject.