^{page 41 note 1} Skeel, Caroline A. J., ‘The Council of the West’, Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc., 4th series, iv (1921), pp. 62–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

^{page 41 note 2} Holdsworth, W. S., History of English Law (third ed.), i, p. 502, n. 7Google Scholar, and iv, p. 73, n. 1; Thomson, G. Scott, Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1923), p. 18Google Scholar, and Two Centuries of Family History (London, 1930), p. 163Google Scholar; Keir, D. L., Constitutional History of Modern Britain (London, 1938), p. 124Google Scholar; Rowse, A. L., Tudor Cornwall (London, 1941), pp. 99, 240–44Google Scholar(the fullest treatment since that of Dr Skeel) and The Expansion of Elizabethan England (London, 1955), p. 36Google Scholar; and Elton, G. R., The Tudor Revolution in Government (Cambridge, 1953), p. 345Google Scholar. See also infra, p. 45, n. 3.

^{page 42 note 1} L[etter] and P[apers, Foreign and Domestic, of Henry VIII] xiv, pt. i, p. 418, g. 12.

^{page 42 note 2} Brit. Mus., Cotton MS., Titus B. i, fos. 161–71 (hereafter cited as ‘Instructions to the Council of the West’). The Instructions to the Council of the North (P.R.O., State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 133, pp. 530–51Google Scholar) to which DrSkeel, refers (op. cit., p. 63)Google Scholarare those issued in 1538, not 1537 as she states. But see also infra, p. 53.

^{page 42 note 3} All such references as she could find were carefully noted by DrSkeel, (op. cit., pp. 71 ff.)Google Scholar. DrRowse, has added a few more (Tudor Cornwall, p. 243)Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 4} P.R.O., Exch[equer], Aug[mentation] Office, Treasurers' Accounts, 1, pt. 2 (1538–39), m. 23, calendared in L. and P., xiv, pt. ii, p. 74.

^{page 42 note 5} P.R.O., Exch., Aug. Office, Misc. Books, 249 (Treasurers' Books of Payments, 1539–40), fos. 32–33.

^{page 43 note 1} Skeel, , op. cit., p. 73Google Scholar, quoting L. and P., xviii, pt. ii, p. 125, followed by Rowse, A. L., Tudor Cornwall, p. 243Google Scholar.

^{page 43 note 2} This is stated in a deposition made in connexion with an action brought before the Court of Augmentations, the details of which are irrelevant (P.R.O., Exch., Aug. Office, Proceedings, 13/70). Of the many terminating dates suggested, 1540 is put forward with conviction only by Pollard, A. F. (Eng. Hist. Rev., xxxviii (1923), p. 52)Google Scholar, and he offers no supporting evidence.

^{page 43 note 3} Cf. infra, p. 55.

^{page 43 note 4} By Dr G. R. Elton, notably in his Tudor Revolution in Government.

^{page 43 note 5} ‘Instructions to the Council of the West’, fo. 161r.

^{page 44 note 1} ‘Instructions to the Council of the West’, fo. 1621r. The fees and diets of the Council of the North in 1538 amounted to £1,146 13s. 4d. per annaum (P.R.O., State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 133, pp. 536–38Google Scholar), and those of the Council in the Marches of Wales to £875 15s. 10d. (L. and P., xiii, pt. i, p. 45).

^{page 44 note 2} Rowse, , The Expansion of Elizabethan England, p. 36Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 3} Hooker, John, Annals (Exeter City Muniments, Book 51), fo. 343vGoogle Scholar.

^{page 44 note 4} Rowse, A. L., Tudor Cornwall, pp. 229–39Google Scholar, following Blake, W. J., ‘The Rebellions of Cornwall and Devon in 1549’, Journal of Royal Inst. of Cornwall, xviii (1910–1911), pp. 147 ff.Google Scholar, and xix, pp. 371 ff. This is also the view of , M. and Dodds, R., The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Exeter Conspiracy (Cambridge, 1915), ii, pp. 180–81Google Scholar.

^{page 45 note 1} L. and P., xii, pt. i, pp. 450, 522.

^{page 45 note 2} Ibid., pt. ii, p. 211.

^{page 45 note 3} Cf. Williams, C. H., The Making of the Tudor Despotism (London, 1935), pp. 173–74Google Scholar, Tanner, J. R., Tudor Constitutional Documents (Cambridge, 1922), p. 335Google Scholar, and Rose-Troup, F., The Western Rebellion of 1549 (London, 1913), p. 28Google Scholar.

^{page 46 note 1} P.R.O., Star Chamber, Proceedings, ii, fos. 183–86, and L. and P., xii, pt. ii, pp. 270, 284 and xiii, pt. i, pp. 41, 441.

^{page 46 note 2} L. and P., xiii, pt. ii, p. 41: a letter from Denys to Cromwell, 24 January 1538, mentioning the charges made against him.

^{page 46 note 3} Brit. Mus., Stowe MS. 142, fo. 14.

^{page 46 note 4} Cf. Rowse, A. L., Tudor Cornwall, pp. 240–41Google Scholar.

^{page 46 note 5} Williams, Penry, The Council in the Marches of Wales under Elizabeth I (Cardiff, 1958), p. 20Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 1} L. and P., xii, pt. ii, p. 406.

^{page 47 note 2} There is a precedent for such a step in Edward IV's appointment to the shrievalty of Norfolk in 1461 of a knight of his own household, ‘to set a rewyll in the countre’ (Paston Letter, ed. Gairdner, J. (London, 1904), i, p. 179Google Scholar; ii, pp. 75–77).

^{page 47 note 3} L. and P., xii, pt. ii, p. 354, g. 39, and p. 193.

^{page 47 note 4} P.R.O., Exch., Aug. Office, Misc. Books, 91–105 (Decrees and Orders), passim.

^{page 47 note 5} See SirDenys', Thomas eulogy of Pollard (L. and P., xiii, pt. i, p. 166)Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 6} In Wales, in 1536 and the years immediately following, years during which the Council in the Marches of Wales was almost certainly being reconstituted, far more emphasis appears to have been laid on the introduction of the normal English machinery of local government and justice than on the extraordinary powers of the Council (Williams, Penry, op. cit., pp. 21 ff.Google Scholar).

^{page 48 note 1} Cf. Rose-Troup, F., The Western Rebellion of 1549, p. 41Google Scholar. The incident to which MrsRose-Troup, refers (L. and P., xiii, pt. ii, p. 473)Google Scholar, when a Sherborne tailor expressed an opinion in an ale-house, is not conclusive evidence of incipient rebellion.

^{page 48 note 2} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, pp. 48–333, passim.

^{page 48 note 3} Ibid., p. 207.

^{page 48 note 4} Ibid., pp. 152–53 (nos. 399–400), 329–30 and 151–52. Cromwell's memoranda are undated but from internal evidence these would appear to have been written down, in this order, between early February and early March 1539.

^{page 49 note 1} Ibid., p. 153.

^{page 49 note 2} Ibid. There was plenty of precedent for the appointment of regional lieutenants as ad hoc military commanders, especially in border districts (Thomson, G. Scott, Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 14–17Google Scholar).

^{page 49 note 3} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, pp. 151–52.

^{page 50 note 1} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 352, no. 722.

^{page 50 note 2} Ibid., p. 340.

^{page 50 note 3} Ibid., p. 381, no. 803.

^{page 50 note 4} Ibid., p. 206.

^{page 51 note 1} Ibid., p. 231.

^{page 51 note 2} Cf. Elton, G. R., The Tudor Revolution in Government, pp. 66–71Google Scholar, especially p. 68, where Dr Elton expresses the opinion that: ‘In the day to day business of governing England Henry VIII was not so much incapable as uninterested and feckless.’

^{page 51 note 3} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, pp. 243, 336 and 340. In the spring of 1558 the Council of the North had concerned itself very energetically with a survey of frontier defences (ibid., xiii, pt. i, pp. 268–69).

^{page 51 note 4} Elton, G. R., ‘Thomas Cromwell's Decline and Fall’, Cambridge Historical Journal, x (1951), p. 156Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 5} ‘Devon Monastic Lands’, ed. Youings, J. A., Devon and Cornwall Record Society, new series, i (1955), pp. 4–7Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 6} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 187, no. 478.

^{page 51 note 7} Elton, G. R., Tudor Revolution in Government, pp. 338–39, 348–49Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 1} Dr Elton states this as a fact (ibid., p. 346), but without any supporting evidence.

^{page 52 note 2} Ibid., p. 345.

^{page 52 note 3} Williams, Penry, The Council in the Marches of Wales under Elizabeth I, p. 18Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 1} Elton, , op. cit., p. 351Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 2} The problem of the fortification of the coasts in 1539 has been referred to by most modern writers on the period, but has not, so far as I know, been connected hitherto with the Council of the West.

^{page 53 note 3} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 11.

^{page 53 note 4} P.R.O., State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 133, pp. 530–51Google Scholar, calendared in L. and P., xii, pt. i, p. 466. This is, in fact, the only surviving copy of the Instructions for the Council of the North in 1538.

^{page 53 note 5} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 719 and passim.

^{page 54 note 1} The date is cited regularly in the accounts of the Treasurers of the court of Augmentations; cf. supra, p. 42, n. 5.

^{page 54 note 2} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 340, no. 685. He promised to send on a ‘plate’ before long.

^{page 54 note 3} Ibid., pp. 446, 451.

^{page 55 note 1} P.R.O., Special Collections, Ministers' Accounts, 6194 (Lands late of the marquis of Exeter, 1538–39), m. 3.

^{page 55 note 2} Duchy of Cornwall, Receivers' Accounts, Devon and Cornwall, 1538–39 (Duchy Office, Bt. 9/12. 220). This is an aspect of early Tudor finance entirely neglected by Dietz, F. C., English Government Finance, 1485–1558 (Urbana, 1920)Google Scholar. About one quarter of the net profits from the duchy estates in the south-west in this year were diverted directly into local defence works.

^{page 55 note 3} L. and P., xiv, pt. ii, p. 55.

^{page 55 note 4} ‘Instructions to the Council of the West’, fo. 165r.

^{page 55 note 5} L. and P., xiv, pt. ii, pp. 103, 166.

^{page 55 note 6} Ibid., pp. 185–86, nos. 530–31.

^{page 56 note 1} P.R.O., Special Collections, Ministers' Accounts, 7301 (Monastic Lands, Devon and Cornwall, 1539–40), m. 18d; 662 (Monastic Lands, Dorset, 1539–40), m. 10d.

^{page 56 note 2} ‘Instructions to the Council of the West’, fo. 166r.

^{page 56 note 3} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 585, g. 12. As warden of the Stannaries, Russell had the formidable army of tinners at his command.

^{page 57 note 1} L. and P., xiv, pt. i, p. 587, g. 23–26.

^{page 57 note 2} Rymer, , Foedera, xv. 75Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 3} L. and P., xx, pt. i, pp. 542, 622–23, 631, 633, 645, 653; pt. ii, PP. 3, 24–25, 31, 40, 66, 68, 90, 106.

^{page 57 note 4} Ibid., pt. i, p. 568.

^{page 57 note 5} Ibid., pt. ii, p. 84.

^{page 58 note 1} Thomson, G. Scott, Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 26–29Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 2} Ibid., p. 60.

^{page 58 note 3} Ibid., pp. 56–57.

^{page 58 note 4} Elton, G. R., Tudor Revolution in Government, p. 415Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 1} Thomson, G. Scott, op. cit., pp. 73–83Google Scholar.