Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T07:39:43.582Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Low Temperature Growth of CIGS Thin Films for Flexible Solar Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2011

D. Rudmann ,
F.-J. Haug ,
M. Kaelin ,
H. Zogg ,
A.N. Tiwari  and
G. Bilger
D. Rudmann
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Thin Film Physics Group, ETH Zürich, Technopark, Technoparkstr. 1, CH- 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
F.-J. Haug
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Thin Film Physics Group, ETH Zürich, Technopark, Technoparkstr. 1, CH- 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
M. Kaelin
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Thin Film Physics Group, ETH Zürich, Technopark, Technoparkstr. 1, CH- 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
H. Zogg
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Thin Film Physics Group, ETH Zürich, Technopark, Technoparkstr. 1, CH- 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
A.N. Tiwari*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Thin Film Physics Group, ETH Zürich, Technopark, Technoparkstr. 1, CH- 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
G. Bilger
Affiliation:
Institute of Physical Electronics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
*
*Corresponding author
Get access

Abstract

Low substrate temperatures have to be used for polymer substrates. Therefore, using soda- lime glass (SLG) substrates with and without an alkali barrier (Al2O3), a three-step CIGS coevaporation process for a substrate temperature of 450 °C has been developed and compared to film deposition with constant evaporation rates. The three-step process was found to enhance grain nucleation. An efficiency of 14.0 % has been achieved with this process for solar cells on SLG. Since polymers in general do not contain Na, a way of Na addition to the absorber is needed. It is shown that NaF coevaporation can be used to control the Na content in CIGS. Also incorporation of Na in CIGS by diffusion from a NaCl layer through a polyimide is demonstrated. With such SLG/NaCl/polyimide structures flexible solar cells can be obtained using a lift-off process. A cell efficiency of 11.6 % (0.99 cm2 area) has been achieved.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 668: Symposium H – II-IV Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaic Materials , 2001 , H3.8
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Granath, K., Bodegård, M., Stolt, L., Sol. En. Mat. & Solar Cells 60, 279 (2000).Google Scholar
2. Tuttle, J.R., Szalaj, A., Keane, J., Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, Anchorage, AK, USA (2000).Google Scholar
3. Hartmann, M., Schmid, M., Jasenek, A. et al., Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, Anchorage, AK (2000).Google Scholar
4. Bodegård, M., Hedström, J., Granath, K., Rockett, A., Stolt, L., Proc. 13th Europ. PVSEC, Nice, France, 2080 (1995).Google Scholar
5. Matson, R.J., Granata, J.E., Asher, S.E., Young, M.R. in NCPV Photovoltaic Program Review, ed. Al-Jassim, M., Thornton, J.P., Gee, J.M., 542–549, 1999.Google Scholar
6. Ruckh, M., Schmid, D., Kaiser, M. et al., Proc. 1st WCPEC, Hawaii, USA, 156 (1994).Google Scholar
7. Kimura, R., Mouri, T., Nakada, T. et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, L289 (1999).Google Scholar
8. Nakada, T., Mouri, T. et al., Proc. 14th Europ. PVSEC, Barcelona, Spain, 2143 (1997).Google Scholar
9. Lammer, M., Klemm, U., Powalla, M., EMRS 2000, to be published in Thin Solid Films.Google Scholar
10.Al2O3 was deposited at ZSW, Stuttgart, Germany.Google Scholar
11. Rudmann, D., Haug, F.-J., Krejci, M., Zogg, H., Tiwari, A.N., Proc. 16th Europ. PVSEC, Glasgow, UK, 298 (2000).Google Scholar
12. Tiwari, A.N., Krejci, M., Haug, F.-J., Zogg, H., Progr. PV: Res. & Appl. 7, 393 (1999).Google Scholar
13.SIMS measurements were performed at IPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany.Google Scholar
14. Bodegård, M., Granath, K., Stolt, L., Thin Solid Films 361, 9 (2000).Google Scholar
15. Contreras, M.A., Egaas, B., Dippo, P. et al., 26th IEEE PVSC, Anaheim, CA, USA (1997).Google Scholar