Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T12:31:03.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Galaxy Interactions and the Stimulation of Nuclear Activity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Timothy M. Heckman*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University and The Space Telescope Science Institute

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The idea that interactions between galaxies can lead to enhanced galactic activity has a long and noble lineage. Since the early days of Baade and Minkowski (1954), through the seminal paper of Toomre and Toomre (1977) with its “stoking the furnace” imagery, to the similarly colorful and influential “feeding the monster” paper of Gunn (1979), and the landmark work by Larson and Tinsley (1978), this idea was elaborated upon and generalized. The pace of development of this hypothesis has accelerated greatly on both the observational and theoretical fronts during the 1980’s, due in part to a growing perception that the AGN phenomenon could only be understood when the role of the environment in triggering or nurturing the activity was understood (cf. Balick and Heckman 1982). In recent years, the impact of the extragalactic IRAS database (on the observational side) and of the new generation of supercomputers and innovative software (on the numerical side) have led to an almost explosive growth in the number of papers written about this subject.

Type
V. Observations of Nuclear and Near-Nuclear Activity
Copyright
Copyright © NASA 1990

References

Adams, T.F. 1977, Ap.J.Suppl., 33, 19.Google Scholar
Adams, M.T.,Jensen, E.B., and Stocke, J.T. 1980, Astr. J., 85, 1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armus, L., Heckman, T.M., and Miley, G. 1987, Astr.J., 94, 831.Google Scholar
Annus, L., Heckman, T.M., and Miley, G.K. 1990, Ap.J., in press.Google Scholar
Baade, W., and Minkowski, R. 1954, Ap.J., 119, 206.Google Scholar
Balick, B. and Heckman, T.M. 1982, Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap., 20, 431.Google Scholar
Balzano, V.A. 1983, Ap.J., 268, 602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauin, S.A., and Heckman, T.M. 1989a, Ap.J., 336, 681.Google Scholar
Baum, S.A., and Heckman, T.M. 1989b, Ap.J., 336, 702.Google Scholar
Begelman, M., and Cioffi, D. 1989, Ap.J.Lett., 345, L21.Google Scholar
Bender, R., and Mollenhoff, C. 1987, Astr.Ap., 177, 71.Google Scholar
Binney, J., and Petrou, M. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 449.Google Scholar
Borne, K. 1988, Ap.J., 330, 38.Google Scholar
Boroson, T.A., Persson, S.E., and Oke, J.B. 1985, Ap.J., 293, 120.Google Scholar
Bothun, G., Lonsdale, C., and Rice, W. 1989, Ap.J., 341, 129.Google Scholar
Brinks, E. 1990, in Galaxy Dynamics and Interactions, ed. Toomre, A. and Wielen, R., in press.Google Scholar
Bushouse, H. 1986, Astr.J., 91, 255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushouse, H. 1987, Ap.J., 320, 49.Google Scholar
Bushouse, H., Lamb, S., and Werner, M. 1988, Ap.J., 335, 74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrd, G., Sundelius, B., and Valtonen, M. 1987s, Astr.Ap., 171, 16.Google Scholar
Campos-Aguilar, A., and Moles, M. 1990, preprint.Google Scholar
Carico, D., Graham, J., Matthews, K., Wilson, T., Soifer, B.T., Neugebauer, G., and Sanders, D. 1990, preprint.Google Scholar
Carter, D., Prieur, J., Wilkinson, A., Sparks, W.B., and Malin, D.M. 1988, MNRAS, 235, 813.Google Scholar
Chambers, K. 1989, Ph.D. thesis, The Johns Hopkins University.Google Scholar
Chambers, K., Miley, G., and van Breugel, W. 1987, Nature, 329, 604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colina, L., and Perez-Fournon, I. 1990, Ap.J., 349, 45.Google Scholar
Condon, J, Condon, M., Gisler, G., and Puschell, J. 1982, Ap.J., 252, 102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, C.S., Fabian, A., and Johnstone, R. 1988, MNRAS, 235, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutri, R., and McAlary, C. 1985, Ap.J., 296, 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahari, O. 1984, Astr.J., 89, 966.Google Scholar
Dahari, O. 1985a, Astr.J., 90, 1772.Google Scholar
Dahari, O. 1985b, Ap.J.Suppl., 57, 643.Google Scholar
Dahari, O., and DeRobertis, M. 1988, Ap.J., 331, 727.Google Scholar
Djorgovski, S. 1987, in Starbursts and Galaxy Evolution, ed. Thuan, T. Montmerle, T., and Tran Thanh Van, J. (Editions Frontieres: Paris), p. 401.Google Scholar
Dressel, L.L. 1981, Ap.J., 245, 25.Google Scholar
Dressier, A. 1980, Ap.J., 236, 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairclough, J. 1986, MNRAS, 219, 1P.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanaroff, B., and Riley, J. 1974, MNRAS, 167, 31P.Google Scholar
Franx, M., and Illingworth, G.D. 1988, Ap.J.Lett., 327, L55.Google Scholar
Fricke, K.J., and Kollatschny, W. 1989, in Proc. IAU Symp. 134, ed. Osterbrock, D. and Miller, J.S. (Kluwer: Dordrecht), p. 425.Google Scholar
Fuentes-Williams, T., and Stocke, J. 1988, Astr.J., 96, 1235.Google Scholar
Gavazzi, G., and Jaffe, W. 1986, Ap.J., 310, 53.Google Scholar
Graham, J., Carico, D., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., and Soifer, B.T. 1990, preprint. Gunn, J. 1979, In Active Galatio Nuclei, ed. C. Hazard, S. Mitton, p.213 (Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M. 1983, Ap.J., 268, 628.Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M., Bothun, G.D., Balick, B., and Smith, E. 1984, Astr.J., 89, 958.Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M., Illingworth, G.D., Miley, G.K., and van Breugel, W. 1985, Ap.J., 299, 41.Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M., Armus, L., and Miley, G.K. 1990, Ap.J., in press.Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M., Carty, T., and Bothun, G. 1985, Ap.J., 288, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, T.M., Smith, E., Baum, S., van Breugel, W., Miley, G., Illingworth, G., Bothun, G., and Balick, B. 1986, Ap.J., 311, 526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernquist, L. 1989, Nature, 340, 687.Google Scholar
Hickson, P., Menon, T., Palumbo, G., and Persic, M. 1989, Ap.J., 341, 679.Google Scholar
Hine, R., and Longair, M. 1979, MNRAS, 188, 111.Google Scholar
Hummel, E. 1981, Astr.Ap., 96, 111.Google Scholar
Hunter, D., Gillet, F., Gallagher, J., Rice, W., and Low, F. 1986, Ap.J., 303, 171.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J. 1987, Ap.J., 320, 522.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J., Crampton, D., and Campbell, B. 1984, Ap.J., 280, 41.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J., Janson, T., and Neff, S. 1989, Ap.J., 342, 660.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J., and Neff, S. 1988, Astr.J., 96, 1575.Google Scholar
Jedrzejewski, R., and Schecter, P. 1988, Ap.J.Lett., 330, L87.Google Scholar
Joseph, R., and Wright, G. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 87.Google Scholar
Joseph, R., Meikle, W., Robertson, N., and Wright, G. 1984, MNRAS, 209, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keel, W.C. 1983, Ap.J.Suppl., 52, 229.Google Scholar
Keel, W.C. 1987, in Proc. IAU Symp. 121, ed. Fricke, K.J. Khachikian, E., and Melnick, J..Google Scholar
Keel, W., Kennicutt, R., Hummel, E., and van der Hulst, J. 1985, Astr.J., 90, 708.Google Scholar
Kennicutt, R., Keel, W., van der Hulst, J., Hummel, E., and Roettiger, 1987, Astr.J., 93, 1011.Google Scholar
Kollatschny, W., and Fricke, K. 1989, Astr.Ap., 219, 34.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., and Djorgovski, S. 1989, Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap., 27, 235.Google Scholar
Larson, R. 1987, in Starbursts and Galaxy Evolution, ed. Thuan, T. Montmerle, T., and Tran Thahn Van, J. (Editions Frontieres: Paris), p. 467.Google Scholar
Larson, R., and Tinsley, B. 1978, Ap.J., 219, 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauer, T. 1988, Ap.J., 325, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, A., Rowan-Robinson, M., Leech, K., Jones, D., and Wall, J. 1989, MNRAS, 240, 329.Google Scholar
Lonsdale, C., Persson, S.E., and Matthews, K. 1984, Ap.J., 287, 95.Google Scholar
MacKenty, J. 1989, Ap.J., 343, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenty, J. 1990, preprint.Google Scholar
McCarthy, P. 1988, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
McCarthy, P., van Breugel, W., Spinrad, H., and Djorgovski, S. 1987, Ap.J.Lett., 321, L29.Google Scholar
Meixner, M., Blitz, L., Puchalsky, R., Wright, M., and Heckman, T. 1990, Ap.J., in press.Google Scholar
Melnick, J. 1987 in Starbursts and Galaxy Evolution, ed. Thuan, T. Montmerle, T., and Tran Thanh Van, J. (Editions Frontieres: Paris), p. 215.Google Scholar
Miley, G.K. 1990, in Galaxy Dynamics and Interactions, ed. Toomre, A. and Wielen, R. (in press).Google Scholar
Noguchi, M. 1988, Astr.Ap., 203, 259.Google Scholar
Petrosian, A.R. 1982, Astrofizika, 18, 548.Google Scholar
Postman, M., and Geller, M. 1984, Ap.J., 281, 95.Google Scholar
Prestage, R., and Peacock, J. 1988, MNRAS, 230, 131.Google Scholar
Rees, M. 1984, Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap., 22, 471.Google Scholar
Rieke, G.H. 1988, Ap.J.Lett., 331, L5.Google Scholar
Salzer, J. 1987, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Sanders, D., Soifer, B.T., Elias, J., Madore, B., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., and Scoville, N. 1988a, Ap.J., 325, 74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, D., Scoville, N., Sargent, A., and Soifer, B.T. 1988b, Ap.J., 324, L55.Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., and Seitzer, P. 1990, preprint.Google Scholar
Simkin, S.M., Su, H.J., and Schwarz, M.P. 1980, Ap.J., 237, 404.Google Scholar
Smith, E., Heckman, T., Bothun, G., Romanishin, W., and Balick, B. 1986, Ap.J., 306, 64.Google Scholar
Smith, E., and Heckman, T. 1989a, Ap.J.Suppl., 69, 365.Google Scholar
Smith, E., and Heckman, T. 1989b, Ap.J., 641, 358.Google Scholar
Smith, E., and Heckman, T. 1990a, Ap.J., in press.Google Scholar
Smith, E., and Heckman, T. 1990b, in Galaxy Dynamics and Interactions, ed Toomre, A. and Wielen, R. (in press).Google Scholar
Smith, E., Heckman, T., and Illingworth, G. 1990, Ap.J., in press.Google Scholar
Soifer, B.T., Houck, J.R., and Neugebauer, G. 1987, Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap., 25, 187.Google Scholar
Stauffer, J. 1982, Ap.J.Suppl., 50, 517.Google Scholar
Stocke, J.T. 1978, Astr.J., 83, 348.Google Scholar
Stocke, J.T., and Perrenod, S. 1981, Ap.J., 245, 375.Google Scholar
Stockton, A. 1978, Ap.J., 223, 747.Google Scholar
Stockton, A. 1990, in Galaxy Dynamics and Interactions, ed. Toomre, A. and Wielen, R. (in press).Google Scholar
Stockton, A., and MacKenty, J. 1987, Ap.J., 316, 584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sulentic, J.W. 1976, Ap.J.Suppl., 32, 171.Google Scholar
Sulentic, J.W. 1990, preprint. Telesco, C. 1988, Ann.Rev.Astr.Ap., 26, 343.Google Scholar
Toomre, A. 1977, in Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations, ed. Tinsley, B.M. and Larson, R.B., p. 401 (Yale University Observatory).Google Scholar
Toomre, A., and Toomre, J. 1972, Ap.J., 178, 623.Google Scholar
van Albada, T., Kotanyi, C., and Schwarzchild, M. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 303.Google Scholar
van Gorkom, J., Knapp, G., Ekers, R., Ekers, D., Laing, R., and Polk, K. 1989, Astr.J., 97, 708.Google Scholar
Wehinger, P., and Wyckoff, S. 1978, MNRAS, 184, 335.Google Scholar
Williams, R.E., and Christiensen, W. 1985, Ap.J., 291, 80.Google Scholar
Wilson, A.S., and Heckman, T.M. 1985, in Astrophysics of Active Galaxies and QSO’s, ed. Miller, J. (University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA).Google Scholar
Yates, M.G., Miller, L., and Peacock, J.A. 1990, MNRAS, in press.Google Scholar
Yee, H., and Green, R. 1984, Ap.J., 280, 79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yee, H., and Green, R. 1987, Ap.J., 319, 28.Google Scholar