Mutual events (occultations or eclipses) of Jupiter’s satellites occur every 6 years. The 1985 series was particularly favourable as it occurred when Jupiter was at opposition. An observing campaign (PHEMU85) was therefore organized by the Bureau des Longitudes, and sponsored by the CNRS under RCP (Coordinated Research Programme) 754.

The interest in observing the events lies in the precise positional information that may be obtained. Conventional (photographic) astrometry gives results to within 400 km, but mutual events give an accuracy of at least 100 km. Observation of mutual events is easy in that the Galilean satellites are bright, so large telescopes do not have to be used, and photoelectric observations in particular can be obtained from urban sites or under poor meteorological conditions. The professional workers generally employed photoelectric photometers or vidicon-type detectors, while amateurs used visual, photographic, photometric and video techniques. Two groups of amateurs were particularly involved, GEOS (European) and GEA (Spain), but individual amateurs also contributed.