The accuracy of the Rorschach Test in identifying the pathway to suicide is still controversial, though it can help for a better understanding of the functioning of suicidal minds.

To investigate whether Rorschach indexes fit major suicidal models.

To evaluate whether Schneidman's psychache theory (1993), Baumeister's thought deconstruction model (1990) and Maltsberger's affect deluge model (2003) fit with Rorschach test indexes.

Three young women hospitalised for near-lethal suicide- attempts were analysed through the Rorschach test by trained researchers using the Exner Comprehensive System. The Concept of the Object Scale on the Rorschach (COR) and the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) were used for a systematic assessment of object relations and as index of interpersonal relationship capacities respectively.

All the tests are scarce. All patients rejected Table 9.

Patient 1: L = 1.4, EB=3:0, X- index = 0.25, M- = 2, EA=3; X+% = 0.58; P=3; Zd = −1.5; Afr =0.2;Ego index = 0.5 sR=1 and S-CON = 9. COR: poor differentiation, articulation and integration and MOA level 2.

Patient 2 : L = 1.5; CDI +; EB = 2:0; Afr = 0.37. Ego index 0.3; EA = 2 ; S-CON = 8. COR = good differentiation and integration, though a poor articulation of the object, MOA level of 2.

Patient 3: L = 1.42; Ag=0, COP = 0; S-CON = 8; MOR = 2; Afr = 0.41, SumC’ = 1; CDI +; FM = 2, m = 1, M = 1. COR: scarce differentiation, severely impaired articulation and integration of the object, MOA = level 6.

Patient 1's Rorschach test suggests Baumeister's model; patient 2's test Maltsberger's model and patient 3's test Schneidman model.

To assess the predictive value of the Suicide Intent Scale in patients with a high suicide risk. The secondary aim was to assess if the use of the factors of the Suicide Intent Scale would offer a better predictive value in case detection. Finally a short version of the scale was created after an item analysis.

Eighty-one suicide attempters were assessed with the Beck‘s Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). All patients were followed up for cause of death. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and tables were created to establish the optimal cut-off values for SIS and SIS factors to predict suicide.

Seven patients committed suicide during a mean follow up of 9.5 years. The major finding was that mean SIS distinguished between suicides and survivors. The positive predictive value was 16.7% and the AUC was 0.74. Only the planning subscale reached the statistical significance. Four items were used to test a short version of SIS in the suicide prediction. The positive predictive value was 19% and the AUC was 0.82.

The Suicide Intent Scale is a valuable tool in clinical suicide risk assessment, a short version of the scale may offer a better predictive value.

Slovenia is a country with a very high suicide rate. Unfortunately, there is a lack of primary suicide prevention programmes.

Our main objective was to develop suicide prevention programmes, which would decrease suicide rate in Slovenia. We would achieve that by increasing awareness and knowledge of different professionals, who address or come in contact with the most vulnerable risk groups.

Firstly we identified school counselors, family doctors and media as professionals to target. School counselors have an important gatekeeper’s role in youth suicide prevention and family doctors are of a similar importance for elderly population. Besides, media has a significant influence on any at-risk person regarding suicide prevention. Secondly, we prepared manuals with practical guidelines: for school counselors - how to recognize and deal with suicidal youth, for family doctors - how to recognize and treat depression and suicidal behavior among elderly, and for media representatives - how to responsibly report about suicide. Lastly, we performed 1-day workshops for all gatekeepers’ groups covering the contents of the manuals.

All the initiatives received highly positive expert-reviews and a lot of encouraging feedbacks from participants. An evaluation with pre-post questionnaire showed that participants’ feelings of competency in dealing with suicidal person have improved after the involvement in programmes’ workshops and reading the manuals.

Experiences showed that primary suicide prevention programmes are highly appreciated and we believe that is necessary to continue and deepen the work in this area also in the future.

Identifying predictors of suicidal ideation in community-dwelling older adults with elevated psychological distress over two years.

900 adults (60–74 years) with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Distress 10 Scale; scores>15) participated in a randomized controlled trial of psychological (mental health literacy) and lifestyle-based (physical activity promotion, folate supplementation) interventions for reducing depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation across a two-year period (five time points) was assessed using an item from the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Demographics, mental and physical functioning (SF-12), and cognitive functioning (Telephone Interview Cognitive Schedule—Modified) were measured.

Intervention type did not predict suicide ideation at any follow up. Those with single or multiple occurrences of suicidal ideation during the two-year period had elevated distress (Single OR = 1.06, p = .044; Multiple OR = 1.10, p = .001) and depression levels (Single OR = 1.07, p = .042; Multiple OR = 1.20, p = .001) at baseline, and more likely to be separated from their partner (Single OR = 1.81, p = .024; Multiple OR = 2.12, p = .016] than those with no ideation. Those with ideation were more likely to experience greater distress at every time point (e.g., 24 months OR = 1.18, p = .006) compared to those with no ideation. At 24 months, individuals reporting ideation were significantly more likely to have lower education levels (OR = .81, p = .015), poorer cognitive functioning (OR = .88, p = .036), and greater mental (OR = .89, p = .004) and physical (OR = .92, p = .025) disability.

Elevated distress is consistently related to suicidal ideation. Individuals experiencing suicidal ideation are more likely to be separated, have lower education levels, poorer mental and physical functioning, and poorer overall cognitive functioning than those with no suicidal ideation.

Asian Americans and Latino women underutilize mental health services.

Studies show Asian American women have higher depression scores and less physical activity than their male counterparts. Ethnic minorities are deterred from seeking mental health care in a timely manner or from following appropriate treatment guidelines. Asian American women are less likely to seek mental health services compared to Latina and white women. Mental health issues in Asian and Latina women may be masked by psychosomatic complaints. Data from the National Latino Asian American Study, the first comprehensive epidemiological study of Asian Americans and Latinos in the USA.

To examine the behavioral, chronic and mental health issues in Latina and Asian American women.

3,012 Asian American and Latina American women from six ethnic subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican Americans) from metropolitan areas were interviewed. Measures include behavioral, drug, chronic health conditions, and mental health issues, and frequency of health service seeking using T-tests and ANOVA.

The results showed Asian Americans women have less heart disease compared with Latina American women, but higher rates of smoking. More Filipinos rated their health as “Excellent” compared with Chinese and Vietnamese, and experience less major depressive disorder than their Asian counterparts. All three Asian American subgroups experience less anxiety than Latina American women.

While raters of mental health problems may be low, they are unique in how they manifest themselves, and in the distinct ways in which they seek health services. There are marked differences among major ethnic subgroups.

Some studies, anxiety, stress, low self esteem, sexual dissatisfaction psychological consequences of infertility shall introduce Low mental health and reduce sexual satisfaction may play a significant role in the lives of infertile couples, treatment and follow-up process they have hope for the future.

This study of relationship between family performance and health with sexual satisfaction among mental hospital in fertile and infertile couples cleric Ayatollah took Babol.

This descriptive study - the correlation The performance of families with depression and sexual satisfaction in 100 infertile couples with 100 couples who fertilize simple random sampling, were studied Data collected using a questionnaire comprising demographic section Brchhar - social, family performance questionnaires, measures of mental health and standardized questionnaire Goldberg and Hillary Larson sexual satisfaction, was Data obtained by descriptive statistical methods, mean difference tests and Pearson moment correlation and one-way analysis of variance analysis were statistically analyzed.

Results showed that between family and mental health performance and efficiency of family and marital satisfaction between positive and significant relationship exists Depression score differences between fertile and infertile men and in women was statistically significant But no significant difference in sexual satisfaction scores of infertile and fertile men and women were observed.

Infertile patients need careful treatment and care of the psychological issues is Presence of experts in infertility treatment team to evaluate and diagnosis of infertile couples is essential Before any treatment can delay these people began.

Domestic violence occurring in female psychiatric patients is not higher than normal. In addition, despite abuse, Egyptian wives tend to see their husbands positively.

Fibromyalgia seems to be associated with various forms of psychopathology, particularly major affective disorders.

To evaluate associated psychopathology in a series of women with diagnosis of fibromyalgia.

Patient inclusion from 1st March to 30th June 2010. Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) was used for evaluation. SPSS was used for statistical analysis of data and results.

A total of 34 women voluntarily joined our study. Mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.17). 11.4% were singled, 74.3% married or unmarried couples, 8.6% were divorced, and 5.7% were widowers. 74.3% of women lived with their couple and/or children whereas 8.6% lived by their own, and 8.6% with their parents. Results obtained with SCL-90-R showed:

Global Severity Index (GSI) 1.86 (Standard Deviation (SD) 0.54); Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) 2.58 (SD 0.36); Positive Symptom Total (PST) 167.85 (SD 49.30); Somatization (SOM) 2.62 (SD 0.53); Obsessive-Compulsive (O-C) 2.59 (SD 0.78); Interpersonal Sensitivity (I-S) 1.50 (SD 0.86); Depression (DEP) 2.5 (SD 0.75); Anxiety (ANX) 1.75 (SD 0.74); Hostility (HOS) 1.11 (SD 0.82); Phobic Anxiety (PHOB) 1.09 (SD 0.84); Paranoid Ideation (PAR) 1.11 (SD 0.85); Psychoticism (PSY) 1.05 (SD 0.62), and other vague symptoms 2.15 (SD 0.70).

Our patients with fibromyalgia scored higher in somatization, obsession-compulsion, depression, and anxiety. In view of the results, there is an important association between fibromyalgia and various forms of psychopathology.

Dermatitis artefact (DA) is a self-inflicted skin disease. The exploration of family history and life course of patients could help to better understand the pathogenesis of this disorder.

To compare family history and life course between patients with DA with patients with other chronic skin disease and siblings.

Thirty female patients meeting DSM-IV criteria of DA were recruited in dermatology department of Farhat Hached hospital (Sousse, Tunisia).

Controls consisted of 30 patients with chronic dermatitis, randomly selected and matched for age and disease duration. For each patient, one sister, the closest in age, was recruited to constitute the siblings group.

Compared with controls, DA patients had lower educational level (p < 10-3), less occupational activity (p = 0.002) and were more often single (p < 10-3). They reported more medical care or prolonged hospitalization in childhood (p = 0.013), more psychiatric disorders (p = 0.006) and more suicide attempts (p = 0.001).

Compared with their sisters, patients with DA had fewer professional activity (p < 103), and were more often single (p < 10-3). They also had more medical history or prolonged hospitalizations during childhood (p = 0.006), more psychiatric disorders (p = 0.002) and more suicide attempts (p = 0.001).

Compared to their sisters and to patients with other chronic skin disease, DA patients were more often single, less often professionally active and had more medical care during childhood, psychiatric history and suicide attempts.

Psychological profile and quality of life of patients suffering from Dermatitis artefact (DA) have never been assessed in a standardized and comparative way.

To compare anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with DA and in patients with other chronic skin illness

Thirty patients meeting DSM-IV criteria of Dermatitis artefact were recruited in dermatology department of Farhat Hached hospital (Sousse, Tunisia). Control group consisted of 30 patients with other chronic dermatitis, randomly selected and matched for age and disease duration. Anxiety and depression were assed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-S). Quality of life was measured by the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Compared with controls, patients with DA had an impaired quality of life (p < 10-3). They had lower scores in physical activity (p = 10-3), limitations due to physical condition (p = 0.024), physical pain (p < 10-3), perception of health (p < 10-3). They also had lower scores in vitality (p = 0.005), social dysfunction (p = 0.003), limitations due to mental condition (p < 10-3) and mental health (p < 10-3). Anxiety and depression scores showed no differences between DA patients and controls.

Compared to patients with other chronic dermatological conditions, patients suffering from DA had a more impaired quality of life, but they were no more depressed or anxious.

Depression is one of the prevalent mood disorders and it's the second debilitating disorder in the world. Female menstrual cycle is one of natural and psychological stage in fertility period and this cycle has different behavioral symptoms. In this study, changes in depression scores were studied during different phases of menstrual cycle.

During a basic study, 150 fertile women were chosen and were evaluated by Beck and Hamilton Questionnaires during a menstrual cycle. Data were gathered and analyzed by SPSS software.

Thirty four people were removed because of confounding factors. About 53.4% of them were single by the mean age of 22.10 years ( ± 4.67 SD), and 46.6% were married by the mean age of 34.65 years ( ± 7.51 SD). The mean score of Back questionnaire in the first phase was 11.49, in the second phase was 9.65, and in the third phase was 11.87. The score of Hamilton questionnaire in the first phase was 11.03, in the second phase was 9.45, and in third phase was 11.04, which there was significant differences in both of the tests.

Depression scores increase by reduction of hormone levels in days 2–3 and they classified as mild depression on average and during days 11–14. On the other hand, depression scores decreased by increment of hormone levels to maximum during ovulation days, as well as in days 23–26, depression scores increase by reduction of hormone levels and on average they classified as mild depression.

Psychological distress and suicide are known to be associated with exposure to traumatic life events. No literature is available on prevalence of suicidal ideation in the aftermath of terrorist attacks in Pakistan.

To study suicidal ideation and desire for death in trauma exposed population in Pakistan.

To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and desire for death one year after exposure to extreme trauma in a well-defined and accessible group in Pakistan.

Subjects were examined 1 year after exposure to a bomb blast in Islamabad, Pakistan. A semi-structured interview schedule and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation were used to assess a group of female University students. Assessment record of 50 consecutive study participants were evaluated to estimate point prevalence of suicidal ideation and desire for death in the study population.

All subjects were enroled in full time university education at the time of assessment. 17 subjects (34%) presented with weak desire for death whilst 5 subjects (10%) presented with moderate to severe desire for death. 15 Subjects (30%) presented with active suicidal ideation at the time of assessment. However, ony 3 subjects (6%) presented with moderate to severe suicidal ideation. The subjects presenting with suicidal ideation described family ties, religious beliefs, fear of irreversible injury as protective factors against their suicidal thoughts. Only 2 subjects (4%) had engaged in some degree of planning towards committing suicide.

This study provides the first structured estimate of prevalence of suicidal ideation in trauma exposed population of Pakistan.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on the decrease of depression and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

This interventional study was carried out on 112 women (staff of a medical centre), 84 of whom were depressed and as current smokers, used on an average of 25 cigarettes per day. Some 78.6% of them were under psychiatric supervision for nine years. Finally, 28 smokers between the ages 25–55 were randomly selected and divided into two groups:

1. 1) experimental, and

2. 2) a control group.

The survey instruments were:

1. 1) a questionnaire that contained personal, family, and smoking information, and

2. 2) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

   Participants received six (6) week session of CBT.

Measured the effect of CBT through a pre-test and two post-tests. These results showed that there were significant decreases in depression with a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

The results suggested that CBT provided some special benefits for women who smoke and suffer from depression.

Substance abuse of main family member can affect other family members in some studies.

Comparing the mental status of mothers and wives of addicted men, with mothers and wives of non-addicted men.

In a case-control study which performed in a recovery home in Arak-Iran, In 2009, 57 mothers and wives of addicted men, and 57 mothers and wives of non-addicted men were assessed by MMPI-2 questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS V17.

The mean scores of addicted men's mothers were significantly higher than non-addicted men's mothers in hypochondriasis, depression, psychopath deviation, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid, and F scales. On the other hand, the mean scores of addicted men's wives were significantly higher than non-addicted men's wives in hypochondriasis, psychopath deviation, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid, and F scales.

There are severe psychiatric problems in mothers and wives of addicted men.

Infertility affects life of couples and family function. Infertility can cause mental disturbances in some studies.

The goal of this study was the comparison of mental health in fertile and infertile women.

A case-control study was done in Arak-Iran, Taleghani hospital which is a center of Gynecology, in 2010. 60 infertile women as case group and 60 fertile women as control group participated in the study, randomly. Both groups were assessed by GHQ questionnaire and data were analyzed by T-Test and logistic regression.

The severity of mental disturbances were much more in infertile women (P < 0.001). Social dysfunction (P < 0.001) and somatic complaints (P < 0.001) were also higher in infertile women. The probability of mental disturbances was much higher in infertile women (P < 0.001 and OR = 5.57).

Mental health of infertile women is very critical and disturbed. The findings of our study necessitate the multidimensional interventions in the treatment of infertility.

The study is aimed to investigate clinical and social aspects of premenstrual disorders in Azerbaijan.

180 women at the age 20–49 from general population have been included in the research. The study used the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool to assess severity of premenstrual symptoms. The women's quality of life was evaluated with QoLS (Quality of life Scale).

The most prevalent complaints included sleep disorders, fatigue, irritability and depressed mood. These symptoms affected work efficiency or productivity, relationships with co-workers, relationships with family members, social life activities, and home responsibilities. At the same time short-term presentation of these symptoms had limited impact on quality of life indicators attributed to long-term outcomes.

The activities on increasing awareness on premenstrual disorders are recommended as an important component of reproductive health program.