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Effortful control as predictor of adolescents' psychological and physiological responses to a social stress test: The Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2011

Albertine J. Oldehinkel ,
Catharina A. Hartman ,
Esther Nederhof ,
Harriëtte Riese  and
Johan Ormel
Albertine J. Oldehinkel*
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
Catharina A. Hartman
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
Esther Nederhof
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
Harriëtte Riese
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
Johan Ormel
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, CC72, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Effortful control is thought to foster adaptive action in defensive contexts and may thereby protect individuals against anxious inhibition and focus on their own distress. We examined if effortful control predicted adolescents' perceived arousal, unpleasantness, and control as well as autonomic (heart rate [HR]) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (cortisol) responses during social stress. The data came from a focus sample of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a prospective population study of Dutch adolescents (N = 715, 50.9% girls; mean age = 16.11, SD = 0.59), who participated in a laboratory session including a social stress task (public speaking and mental arithmetic). Perceived and physiological stress measures were assessed before, during, and after the social stress task. Effortful control was measured using various questionnaires and informants, as well as by means of a reaction time (RT) task assessing response inhibition. Overall, adolescents with high questionnaire-based effortful control tended to feel more relaxed, pleasant, and in control during the laboratory session than adolescents with lower levels of control and had stronger HR responses to the stress test. Adolescent girls with high inhibitory control as measured by the RT task also had strong HR responses, but inhibitory control was associated with high rather than low perceived arousal. Our results suggest that both questionnaire and RT measures of effortful control predict strong HR responses to challenging situations, but associational patterns diverge with regard to perceived stress measures.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , May 2011 , pp. 679 - 688
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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