This paper studies Hausdorff–Young inequalities for certain group extensions, by use of Mackey's theory. We consider the case in which the dual action of the quotient group is free almost everywhere. This result applies in particular to yield a Hausdorff–Young inequality for nonunimodular groups.

We study the farthest-point distance function, which measures the distance from $z\,\in \,\mathbb{C}$ to the farthest point or points of a given compact set $E$ in the plane.

The logarithm of this distance is subharmonic as a function of $z$, and equals the logarithmic potential of a unique probability measure with unbounded support. This measure ${{\sigma }_{E}}$ has many interesting properties that reflect the topology and geometry of the compact set $E$. We prove ${{\sigma }_{E}}(E)\,\le \,\frac{1}{2}$ for polygons inscribed in a circle, with equality if and only if $E$ is a regular $n$-gon for some odd $n$. Also we show ${{\sigma }_{E}}(E)\,=\,\frac{1}{2}$ for smooth convex sets of constant width. We conjecture ${{\sigma }_{E}}(E)\,\le \,\frac{1}{2}$ for all $E$.

Let X1X2,… be i.i.d. r.v. with EX=μ>0, and E(X-μ)2 = σ2<∞.

Let Sk=X1+…+Xk and vx=max{k:Sk≤x}, x≥0 and vx=0 if X1>x. Billingsley [1] proved if X1≥0 then

converges weakly to the Wiener measure W.

Let τx(ω)=inf{k≥1|Sk>x}. In §2 we prove that

converges weakly to the Wiener measure when the X's may not necessarily be nonnegative. Also we indicate that this result can be extended to the nonidentical case.

Sylvester [7] proposed the following question in 1893. If a finite set of points in a plane is such that on the line determined by any two points of the set there is always a third point of the set, is the set collinear? Equivalently, given a finite planar set of non-collinear points, does there exist a line containing exactly two of the points?

A general embedding technique for graph designs and block designs is developed, which transforms the embedding problem for partial designs with ƛ > 1 into the embedding problem for partial designs with ƛ = 1. Given an embedding technique for n-element partial block designs with ƛ = 1 into block designs with f(n) elements, the transformation produces a technique which embeds an «-element partial design with ƛ > 1 and block size k into a design with at most /(3k-1ƛn2) elements. For graph designs and block designs with k > 3, a finite embedding method results. For triple systems, a quadratic embedding technique is obtained immediately; the best previous result here was exponential. Finally, for partial triple systems, Mendelsohn triple systems, and directed triple systems, these quadratic embeddings are improved to linear using a colouring technique.

The purpose of this paper is to prove and generalize the following theorem: Given any topological space X, of all the T2 spaces Z which are continuous images of X, there is a maximal one Y; that is, one over which all others factor, as in Figure 1.

Oscillation theory for nonlinear ordinary differential equations has been extensively developed in recent years by several authors. We refer the reader to the recent paper by Noussair and Swanson, [2], where an extensive bibliography may be found. The situation is somewhat different for the case of second order partial differential equations, an area which has recently been virtually untouched, except for the establishment of criteria which depend on a comparison with suitable linear equations and therefore are essentially linear in nature. A bibliography of such results may also be found in [2]. Of a more general nature have been the paper by the author [1], and the more recent work of Noussair and Swanson, [2]. Although the methods employed and the equations considered in [1] and [2] are different, both papers obtained results only for a class of exterior domains of Rn, of which the typical example is the complement of a bounded sphere.

In this paper we study in which rings a non-zero idempotent element can be presented as a sum of two nilpotent elements.

We consider the second-order operator

1

where the coefficients are real continuous functions on an interval ℐ with w and p positive. The operator is assumed singular at only one endpoint which we take to be either 0 (finite singularity) or ∞ (infinite singularity). Let be the Hilbert space of all complex-valued, measurable functions f satisfying

We find the limiting distribution of , where {Bu}u≧0 is the standard Brownian motion on ℝd, V is a particular random potential and {an}n≧1 is a normalizing sequence.

Let X and Y be Tychonov spaces and suppose there exists a continuous linear bijection from Cp(X)to CP(Y). In this paper we develop a method that enables us to compare the Lindelöf number of Y with the Lindelöf number of some dense subset Z of X. As a corollary we get that if for perfect spaces X and Y, CP(X) and Cp(Y)are linearly homeomorphic, then the Lindelöf numbers of Jf and Fare equal. Another result in this paper is the following. Let X and Y be any two linearly ordered perfect Tychonov spaces such that Cp(X)and Cp(Y)are linearly homeomorphic. Let be a topological property that is closed hereditary, closed under taking countable unions and closed under taking continuous images. Then X has isproperty if and only if Y has. As examples of such properties we consider certain cardinal functions.

A classical theorem of Rogers states that for any convex body $K$ in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space there exists a covering of the space by translates of $K$ with density not exceeding $n\,\log \,n\,+\,n\,\log \,\log \,n\,+\,5$. Rogers’ theorem does not say anything about the structure of such a covering. We show that for sufficiently large values of $n$ the same bound can be attained by a covering which is the union of $O\left( \log \,n \right)$ translates of a lattice arrangement of $K$.

Bochner has introduced the idea of almost automorphy in various contexts (see for example [1] and [2]). We shall use the following definition:

A measurable real valued function f of a real variable will be called almost automorphic if from every given infinite sequence of real numbers we can extract a subsequence {αn} such that

• (i) exits for every real t but no kind of uniformity of convergence is stipulated;

• (ii) exits for every t;

• (iii) for every t.

The (γ, r) summation method, 0 < r < 1, is the "circle method" employed by G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood. It is also known as the Taylor method. Its Lebesgue constants, say L(Tr, n), n = 1, 2, …, were studied by K. Ishiguro [1] in the notation L*(n;1-r). He noted that

1

where Im{z} denotes the imaginary part of the complex number z, and proved that

2

Here

3

Let $G$ be any group, and $H$ be a normal subgroup of $G$. Then M. Hartl identified the subgroup $G\,\cap \,(1+\,{{\Delta }^{3}}\,(G)\,+\,\Delta (G)\Delta (H))$ of $G$. In this note we give an independent proof of the result of Hartl, and we identify two subgroups $G\,\cap \,(1\,+\,\Delta (H)\Delta (G)\Delta (H)\,+\,\Delta (\left[ H,\,G \right]\Delta (H)),\,G\,\cap \,(1\,+\,{{\Delta }^{2}}\,(G)\Delta (H)\,+\,\Delta (K)\Delta (H))$ of $G$ for some subgroup $K$ of $G$ containing $[H,G]$.

An nth order homogeneous linear differential equation is said to be disconjugate on the interval I of the real line in case no non-trivial solution of the equation has more than n - 1 zeros (counting multiplicity) on I. It is the purpose of this paper to establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for disconjugacy of the third order linear differential equation

(1.1)

where pi(t) is continuous on the compact interval [a, b], i = 0, 1, 2.

Let F be a field of characteristic 0 and G a group such that each element of the group ring F[G] is either (right) invertible or a (left) zero divisor. Then G is locally finite.

This answers a question of Herstein [1, p. 36] [2, p. 450] in the characteristic 0 case. The proof can be informally summarized as follows: Let gl,…,gn be a finite subset of G, and let

1—x is not a zero divisor so it is invertible and its inverse is 1+x+x3+⋯. The fact that this series converges to an element of F[G] (a finite sum) forces the subgroup generated by g1,…,gn to be finite, proving the theorem. The formal proof is via epsilontics and takes place inside of F[G].

For a locally compact group $G$, the convolution product on the space $N({{L}^{p}}\ (G))$ of nuclear operators was defined by Neufang [11]. We study homological properties of the convolution algebra $N({{L}^{p}}\ (G))$ and relate them to some properties of the group $G$, such as compactness, finiteness, discreteness, and amenability.

Let $p$ be a prime number and $F$ a field containing a root of unity of order $p$. We relate recent results on vanishing of triple Massey products in the $\bmod-p $ Galois cohomology of $F$, due to Hopkins, Wickelgren, Mináč, and Tân, to classical results in the theory of central simple algebras. We prove a stronger form of the vanishing property for global fields.

Given a first-order theory T, welet be the category of models of T and homomorphisms between them. We shall show that a morphism A→B of is an epimorphism if and only if every element of B is definable from elements of A in a certain precise manner (see Theorem 1), and from this derive the best possible Cowell- power Theorem for .