We give a direct proof that the space of Baire quasi-measures on a completely regular space (or the space of Borel quasi-measures on a normal space) is compact Hausdorff. We show that it is possible for the space of Borel quasi-measures on a non-normal space to be non-compact. This result also provides an example of a Baire quasi-measure that has no extension to a Borel quasi-measure. Finally, we give a concise proof of the Wheeler-Shakmatov theorem, which states that if $X$ is normal and $\dim\left( X \right)\,\le \,1$, then every quasi-measure on $X$ extends to a measure.

Equivalent norms with best order of Frechet and uniformly Frechet differentiability in Orlicz spaces are constructed. Classes of Orlicz which admit infinitely many times Frechet differentiable equivalent norm are found.

A short proof is given of an internal characterization of completely regular spaces due to J. Kerstan.

An integral formula is derived for the spherical functions on the symmetric space ${G}/{K\,=\,{\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{0}}\left( p,\,q \right)}/{\text{SO}\left( p \right)\,\times \,\text{SO}\left( q \right)}\;}\;$. This formula allows us to state some results about the analytic continuation of the spherical functions to a tubular neighbourhood of the subalgebra a of the abelian part in the decomposition $G\,=\,KAK$. The corresponding result is then obtained for the heat kernel of the symmetric space ${\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{0}}\left( p,\,q \right)}/{\text{SO}\left( p \right)\,\times \,\text{SO}\left( q \right)}\;$ using the Plancherel formula.

In the Conclusion, we discuss how this analytic continuation can be a helpful tool to study the growth of the heat kernel.

It is a theorem of Bers that any closed hyperbolic surface admits a pants decomposition consisting of curves of bounded length where the bound only depends on the topology of the surface. The question of the quantification of the optimal constants has been well studied, and the best upper bounds to date are linear in genus, due to a theorem of Buser and Seppälä. The goal of this note is to give a short proof of a linear upper bound that slightly improves the best known bound.

We prove that the Mahler measure of an algebraic number cannot be too close to an integer, unless we have equality. The examples of certain Pisot numbers show that the respective inequality is sharp up to a constant. All cases when the measure is equal to the integer are described in terms of the minimal polynomials.

We introduce the notion of Hankel operators associated with analytic crossed products and consider the Nehari problem in this setting.

Recent work by Krystock, Porter, and Vermeer has emphasized the importance of the concepts of Katětov spaces and H-sets in the theory of H-closed spaces. These properties are closely related to being the θ-closure of some set and being the adherence of an open filter. This relationship is developed by establishing, among other facts, that an H-closed space in which every closed set is the θ-closure of some set is compact and the θ-closure of a subset of an H-closed space is Katětov and characterizing the open filter adhérences of a space as precisely those sets which are the image of a closed set of the absolute of the space. Also, examples are given of a countable, scattered space which is not Katětov and an H-closed space with an H-closed subspace which is not the θ-closure of any subset of the given space.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $M$ be a unitary module over $R$. We call $M$$\text{H}$-smaller ($\text{HS}$ for short) if and only if $M$ is infinite and $\left| M/N \right|\,<\,\,\left| M \right|$ for every nonzero submodule $N$ of $M$. After a brief introduction, we show that there exist nontrivial examples of HS modules of arbitrarily large cardinality over Noetherian and non-Noetherian domains. We then prove the following result: suppose $M$ is faithful over $R$, $R$ is a domain (we will show that we can restrict to this case without loss of generality), and $K$ is the quotient field of $R$. If $M$ is $\text{HS}$ over $R$, then $R$ is $\text{HS}$ as a module over itself, $R\,\subseteq \,M\,\subseteq \,K$, and there exists a generating set $S$ for $M$ over $R$ with $\left| S \right|\,<\,\left| R \right|$. We use this result to generalize a problem posed by Kaplansky and conclude the paper by answering an open question on Jónsson modules.

Various generalizations of the Bernstein operator, defined on C[0, 1] by the relation

1.1

where

have been given. Note that bnk(x) is the well-known binomial distribution.

Let (E, E') be a dual pair and G be a collection of σ(E, E') bounded sets in E with the following properties:

1. i) G contains all singletons.

2. ii) If A, B are in G there is a C in G with A ∪B ⊆ C.

3. iii) If A is in G then λ A ε G for any scaler λ.

Then sets of the form the polar of Ai, form base of neighbourhoods in E' for the polar topology TG of G convergence.

In this paper we study real hypersurfaces in a non-flat complex space form with $\eta $-parallel shape operator. Several partial characterizations of these real hypersurfaces are obtained.

In this paper, we discuss various maximal functions on the Laguerre hypergroup $\mathbf{K}$ including the heat maximal function, the Poisson maximal function, and the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function which is consistent with the structure of hypergroup of $\mathbf{K}$. We shall establish the weak type (1, 1) estimates for these maximal functions. The ${{L}^{p}}$ estimates for $p\,>\,1$ follow fromthe interpolation. Some applications are included.

In this paper, we consider all metacyclic groups of the type 〈a,b | an - 1, b2 = 1, ba = aib〉 and give a concrete description of their rational group algebras. As a consequence we obtain, in a natural way, units which generate a subgroup of finite index in the full unit group, for almost all such groups.

An example of the type described in the title is given.

The André-Poincaré "probléme du scrutin" [9] can be stated as follows: In an election between two candidates A polls m votes, B polls n, m > n. If the votes are counted one by one what is the probability that A leads B throughout the counting? Many derivations and interpretations of the solution have been given and a convenient summary of methods till 1956 can be found in Feller [1]. So numerous are the generalizations of ballot problems and their applications since this date that we do not even attempt an enumeration here.

There exist injective Tauberian operators on ${{L}_{1}}\left( 0,\,1 \right)$ that have dense, nonclosed range. This gives injective nonsurjective operators on ${{\ell }_{\infty }}$ that have dense range. Consequently, there are two quasi-complementary noncomplementary subspaces of ${{\ell }_{\infty }}$ that are isometric to ${{\ell }_{\infty }}$.

Write

1

2

where the maximum is over all real θ, and the lower bound is over all sets of positive integers a1 ≤ a2 ≤ … ≤ an. The problem of the order of magnitude of f(n) was posed by Erdös and Szekeres [1], side by side with a number of other interesting questions. Writing g(n) = log f(n), it is obvious that g(n) is sub-additive, in the sense that g(m+n) ≤ g(m) + g(n), and also that g(1) = log 2, so that g(n) ≤ n log 2.

In general topology, one knows several standard extension spaces defined for one class of spaces or another and it is a natural question concerning any two such extensions which are defined for the same space whether they can ever be equal to each other. In the following, this problem will be considered for the Stone-Čech compactification βE of a completely regular non-compact Hausdorff space E[4] and Katětov's maximal Hausdorff extension κE of E[5]. It will be shown that βEκE always holds or, what amounts to the same, that κE can never be compact. As an application of this it will be proved that any completely regular Hausdorff space is dense in some non-compact space in which the Stone-Weierstrass approximation theorem holds.